Paul von Schoenaich

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Paul Freiherr von Schoenaich 1909, painted by Heinrich Hellhoff

Paul Eugen Freiherr von Hoverbeck called von Schoenaich ( pseudonym : Eugen Hover ; * February 16, 1866 in Klein Tromnau ; †  January 7, 1954 in Reinfeld ) was a German major general in the Reichswehr , who later worked as a political activist, publicist and pacifist . Among other things, he was President of the German Peace Society (DFG).

Life

Schoenaich was born as the sixth and youngest child of his parents in West Prussia . His liberal-minded father, Eduard Freiherr von Hoverbeck called von Schoenaich, died when he was 14 years old, and five years later his strictly religious mother, a née Freiin von Buddenbrock . His older brother was Andreas von Schoenaich .

From 1879 he attended a cadet house in Kulm and served in the Imperial Navy from 1883 to 1887 (including at SMS Oldenburg , most recently as a lieutenant at sea ). Schoenaich then joined the Prussian Army and was stationed with the 2nd Guards Dragoons Regiment in Berlin from 1887 to 1907 . In his spare time he attended lectures at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin , including economics , where he heard from the university lecturers Adolph Wagner and Karl Oldenberg . He then worked as a cavalry officer in the War Ministry , from 1913 he was lieutenant colonel and commander of the Hussar regiment "Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands" (Hannoversches) No. 15 in Wandsbek . During the First World War , Schoenaich first commanded the Kurmark Dragoon Regiment No. 14 in France and then in Poland . From the summer of 1915 Schoenaich was again active in the War Ministry. His achievements were recognized by the award of both classes of the Iron Cross and the Officer's Cross of the Bavarian Order of Military Merit with Swords.

In 1919 he became commander of the cavalry in Berlin. In April 1920, due to a conflict with General Walther von Lüttwitz , Schoenaich resigned from the Reichswehr as a major general at his instigation and retired to his estate in Reinfeld.

He belonged to the German Democratic Party (DDP) from 1918 to 1928 . In 1924 he ran unsuccessfully for the Reichstag in the Mecklenburg constituency . He was also active as a speaker and publicist. In 1922 he became a member of the German Peace Society ( DFG ), of which he was president from 1929 to 1933 and from 1946 to 1951. He was also a member of the Reich Banner Black-Red-Gold , the League of Friends of the Soviet Union , the German Society for Human Rights and the Freemasons to the rising sun . Together with Bertrand Russell and Albert Einstein , he signed the "Manifesto against conscription" in 1926. When he became President of the DFG in 1929, he saw himself as firmly pacifist. In 1930 he joined the left-wing split of the DDP, Radical Democratic Party (RDP). After the National Socialist " seizure of power " in 1933 he was briefly arrested.

In 1945 Schoenaich was briefly a member of the CDU . His deselection as DFG chairman in 1951 was the result of differences within the DFG about the attitude to the referendum against remilitarization and in favor of a peace treaty , of which Schoenaich was a member. However, in 1952 he was elected honorary chairman of the DFG.

He was a supporter of the idea of ​​a free economy .

Honors

Publications

  • The Polish uprising of 1863. 1904.
  • General v. Rüchel in the battle of Jena: a reconstruction and critical investigation . In: Military weekly paper, supplement 1, 1907, p. 459 ff.
  • 100 reserve officer candidate and reserve officer exam questions. 1905/06.
  • Disarmament of the heads. 1922.
  • From the previous war to the next. 1924, 2nd edition, 1925.
  • Living pictures from Soviet Russia. 1925.
  • My damascus. 1925.
  • Palestine. 1926.
  • August Schmidt's whip. 1928.
  • Ten years of struggle for peace and justice. 1929 (Articles 1918-1928).
  • My finale (with the secret diary 1933–1945). 1947.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Martin Jung:  Schoenaich, Paul Eugen Freiherr von Hoverbeck called von Schoenaich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-428-11204-3 , p. 381 f. ( Digitized version ).
  2. ↑ Stefan Appelius : The peace general Paul Freiherr von Schoenaich. Democrat and pacifist in the Weimar Republic. ( Digital version (PDF; 2.2 MB); accessed on November 10, 2011).
  3. ↑ Hans-Detlef Mebes: Masonic references in Tucholsky's texts and letters. in: Tucholsky leaves. Born in 2000, issue 24, p. 24 ( online ). In the spring of 1924 Schoenaich was accepted into the lodge Im Obotritenlande (not, as it says there due to a misprint: Im Obertriterland. Letter-backed communication from Dr. Mebes, July 2006) in Ludwigslust , Mecklenburg.
  4. ↑ Klaus Gerteis, Daniel Hohrath: The art of war in the light of reason .: Military and Enlightenment in the 18th Century, Part II . Felix Meiner Verlag, 2000, ISBN 978-3-7873-3482-7 , p. 85 ( google.de [accessed on May 8, 2020]).
personal data
SURNAME Schoenaich, Paul von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schoenaich, Paul Freiherr von; Hoverbeck, Paul von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German major general, later pacifist
DATE OF BIRTH February 16, 1866
PLACE OF BIRTH Klein Tromnau
DATE OF DEATH January 7, 1954
Place of death Reinfeld