Würzburg Senior Citizens' Convention

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The Würzburg Senior Citizens 'Convent is the senior citizens' convent at the Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg . As the first SC in the Kingdom of Bavaria , he joined the Kösener Seniors Convents Association in 1859 .

Circle of the three Würzburg SC Corps Moenania, Franconia and Bavaria (from left to right) under an SC protocol from 1818

history

The earliest written protocol of a senior citizens' convention in Würzburg dates from July 16, 1814. The first country team, corps-like mergers are documented as early as 1800. Except for Rhenania I , they only led an ephemeral existence. They too probably formed a senior citizens' convention. The Corps Franconia Würzburg - founded in July 1805 as the Franconian Landsmannschaft - proved for the first time to be viable for a long time. The corps student historiography of Würzburg begins with him. A Franconia occidentalis joined the SC in 1811 . Some members can later be found in the lists of the Mainländer Landsmannschaft founded in June 1814, from which the Corps Moenania Würzburg emerged . The SC received further growth in February 1815, when some students founded a Bavarian country team. Constituted on March 1, 1815, the Bund became the Corps Bavaria Würzburg .

The Wartburg Festival and the national idea of ​​the fraternity caused the young SC considerable problems. Bavaria had to suspend because some members converted to the fraternity. With her resignation, however, she was able to reconstitute as early as 1819.

Authorities

In 1795, Georg Karl von Fechenbach, as Prince-Bishop of Würzburg and thus sovereign, banned secret student connections. Despite some relegations tacitly tolerated, they came under pressure after the Karlsbad Decisions in 1819, at that time Würzburg was already part of the Kingdom of Bavaria . When the fraternity movement was crushed, a royal decree of July 31, 1827 promised the highest approval to those associations who presented their statutes for inspection. Moenania and Franconia (1828) and even the fraternity under the name Amicitia (1829) were guaranteed. The Frankfurt Wachensturm led to renewed reprisals and persecution. When calm returned in 1836, Bavaria was also guaranteed. The alliances were increasingly accepted as a corporate component of university life and given increasing rights.

extension

Würzburg student costumes 1820 (Francs, Mainlanders and Swiss)

In 1820 Helvetia joined the SC as a new foundation. At the request of the authorities, it had to be dissolved in 1824. In the same year a Rheinische Landsmannschaft was accepted, which also only existed for four years.

After much controversy in 1830 was Mensuren usual stitch Comment with Parisians abandoned and replaced by the blow fencing. Subject to stricter demands, the Parisian was no longer a student fencing weapon from 1860 onwards .

In 1835 Franconia had to suspend ten years because of a lack of young people. In 1836 the Corps Nassovia Würzburg was reciprocated. In 1842 the Corps Rhenania Würzburg followed , which by its own admission had nothing in common with the previous connections of the same name. Nassovia and Rhenania were expressly constituted as arms corps . They thus set themselves in opposition to the existing life corps . The composition of the Würzburger SC changed continuously. Despite new members, it was fragmented and disempowered by mutual disparagement . In 1822/23, 1830, 1842/43 and 1844/45 two SC existed side by side. From 1846 to 1849 there were three.

At the time of the German Revolution , fights broke out between Chevaulegers and Corps students in 1848 and 1849 . The fact that the military command did not act again caused considerable unrest in the student body and the citizenry. The result was the one-week move out of the student body to Wertheim in May 1849. For the return to Würzburg she set three conditions:

  1. Initiate an investigation into the perpetrators
  2. Removal of the Chevaulegers from Würzburg
  3. It is forbidden to carry side guns for non-service teams.

All conditions were met. Just one hour away from the city gates, the returning students were received by deputations from the Senate, the citizenship and the Landwehr and escorted home in a triumphal procession.

This success also marked the beginning of the end of the corps student sole agency. In order to conduct negotiations with the authorities, the students had chosen a committee from among their number. This included not only the senior citizens of the corps , but also - to a disproportionately high percentage - non-incorporated students.

Kösener SC Association

Würzburg joined the KSCV in 1859 as the first Bavarian SC - before the Munich Senior Citizens 'Convent and the Erlangen Senior Citizens' Convent . As early as 1862 he ran the suburbs for the first of seven times. In accordance with the instructions, he took care of the compilation of all resolutions on the nature of the association (2nd version of the Kosen statutes). A little later there was another and final secession in the SC. The Moenania and Franconia Life Corps tried to set up a South German Life Corps Association in competition with the KSCV. The attempt failed, mainly due to the lack of interest of the other life corps in Bavaria. Moenania and Franconia fell into disrepute for more than a year and a half. The Bavarian Life Corps met for the Congress in Nuremberg in 1863.

In the Franco-German War few students remained in Würzburg. The SC operation largely came to a standstill, and identification gauges were suspended. In March 1871 the SC celebrated the preliminary peace of Versailles with a torchlight procession. Eight Würzburg corps boys had died.

University fencing floor (1882)

When Würzburg was back in the suburbs again in 1880, the 25th anniversary of the association - it was still expected from 1855 - was celebrated with a large fireworks display on the Rudelsburg . For the wedding of Crown Prince Wilhelm on February 27, 1881, six representatives of the Würzburger SC presented a congratulatory address. When the JMU celebrated its 300th anniversary in 1882, the SC held a large garden party in Zell am Main with 500 active and old men (plus numerous women). The Corps suffered from the immense costs of Wilhelmine representation. Bavaria had to suspend in January 1878, but was able to reconstitute in October 1880 with the help of resigned members of the Makaria Landsmannschaft.

In 1898 the Würzburger Corpsphilisterverband was constituted . In the first few years there were repeated tensions with the SC, who feared paternalism from the old men and turned down invitations. At the turn of the century Moenania was a suburb.

In 1904/05 it was possible in Würzburg to establish a loose association of the beating corporations. He initially wanted to coordinate the appearance of the weapons students externally. In 1909, his organization was further expanded by the adoption of a black crap comment for the demands on heavy weapons and the adoption of fixed rules of procedure. This also counteracted the constant declarations of disrepute.

Hard times

In the First World War, Würzburg's connection life was suspended; but the connections did not suspend. The lost war, the loss of the monarchy, the German inflation from 1914 to 1923 and hostility from outside (Mensur) strained all connections; nevertheless, the corps in the Weimar Republic had a stronger influx than ever before and never again. Twenty corps boys were nothing unusual. Corps students were taken hostage in the Würzburg Soviet Republic . In 1924 Würzburg was again a suburb (Rhenania).

For the 350th anniversary of the JMU (1932), the Würzburg corporations were able to present themselves on a large scale. Corps students included the Rector Ferdinand Flury and Würzburg's Lord Mayor Hans Löffler . At the Kommers of the student body, 4,000 participants filled the Ludwigshalle. Among the guests of honor were Rupprecht von Bayern , Heinrich Held and Georg Michaelis . The Kommers was headed by cand. Med. Riedmiller , a member of the KDStV Gothia Würzburg .

In 1935/36 all corps were suspended; the KSCV disbanded in October 1935. In November 1938, the Würzburger SC took over the "Eslarn" comradeship as the SC community comradeship . Little by little, the old gentlemen's associations established themselves behind their own comradeships. Contrary to what the National Socialists intended, there was a slow revival of the corporation. One wore colors, pinched and fought. In June 1944, a Kommers was celebrated at the Huttenschlösschen under the eyes of the Reich Student Leader . In the same month Würzburg Bavaria took part in the reconstitution of the KSCV on the Rudelsburg. The total war and the drafting of the student companies put an end to this upswing. The bombing raid on Würzburg on March 16, 1945 - less than two months before the end of the war - destroyed 90% of the city.

During the Second World War, Würzburg became a stronghold for weapons students . As in Freiburg, Leipzig and Munster, mensures were fought in Würzburg in 1942. In the same year, Guestphalia Würzburg was reconstituted (until 1945). Bavaria followed in 1943/44.

New beginning

Like no other, Max Meyer was committed to the corporations. After returning from emigration, he was a professor and rector of the university in Würzburg . As Lord Mayor, Philipp Zeitler ensured that the association meetings could take place in Würzburg from 1954 onwards. For more than 38 years, until 1992, the city hosted the Kosen Congresses and the Congress of Representatives. The hospitality of the Würzburger Corps was the main reason for many to go to the Main before Pentecost.

The 1968 movement and the extra-parliamentary opposition did not play a major role in Würzburg. At Kommers on the occasion of the 400th anniversary of the university, its President Theodor Berchem came “as a friend”: A pluralistic society that wants to take itself seriously cannot refuse student corporations. After all, they are the communities among the students that make up the absolute largest number of members. The potential in this should not be disregarded when tackling the problems facing our universities today. This was also expressed in the invitation of three representatives from each of the Würzburg corporations to the university ceremony . The sometimes considerable resistance of the university administrations to a revival of the student union traditions in the 1950s was overcome not least through the work of the senior citizens' conventions and especially the WSC.

Today's SC

literature

  • Rolf-Joachim Baum: From two centuries of Würzburger SC history - compiled for the 400th anniversary of Alma Julia . Once and Now, Yearbook of the Association for Corporate Student History Research , Vol. 28 (1983), pp. 35–45.
  • Rolf-Joachim Baum: 125 years ago. Würzburg's connection to the Kösener SC association . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 29 (1984), pp. 95-111.
  • Eduard Hessdörfer: The comradeship "Albrecht the Bear" . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 31 (1986), pp. 137-154.
  • Fritz Nachreiner: The two Würzburg Rhenanencorps from 1805 and 1824 . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 7 (1962), pp. 169-180.
  • Michaela Neubert : Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg two hundred years Bavarian - depicted on treasures from Würzburg collections . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 59 (2014), pp. 131–203.
  • Heike Nickel, Marcus Holtz: Between Reform and Crisis. From the Prince-Bishop to the Royal Bavarian University of Würzburg (1802–1828) . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 59 (2014), pp. 103–129.

Web links

Commons : Würzburger Senioren-Convent  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ernst Hans Eberhard : Handbook of the student liaison system. Leipzig 1924/25, p. 113
  2. ↑ R.-J. Tree: From the early days of the Würzburg connections in the student body and corporations at the University of Würzburg 1582–1982 . Würzburg 1982, pp. 48-74.
  3. ^ Karl August Beck: The Franconian Landsmannschaft zu Würzburg, its foundation on May 26, 1805 and its relations with the Franks in Landshut, Altdorf, Erlangen and Tübingen . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 4 (1959), pp. 124-132.
  4. ^ Hermann Leupold: The Franconian Landsmannschaft and the "Society of the West Franconia" (Germania - Franconia - Moenania). Contribution to the history of Franconia zu Würzburg and the Würzburger SC [1803–1815]. Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 37 (1992), pp. 125-177.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k R.-J. Baum: From two centuries of Würzburger SC history - compiled for the 400th anniversary of Alma Julia . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 28 (1983), pp. 35-45.
  6. ^ Herbert Kater: The members of the old Würzburg fraternity 1818–1822 . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 25 (1980), pp. 189-198.
  7. ↑ R.-J. Tree: Seven letters on the history of the Würzburger Urburschenschaft and the Corps Bavaria. July 1818 – July 1819 . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 27 (1982), pp. 211-228.
  8. ^ Samuel Mühlberg: The Landsmannschaft Helvetia II Würzburg and its founder Samuel Schindler from Glarus [1820–1824]. Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 48 (2003), pp. 147–152.
  9. ↑ Albin Angerer: The two Helvetic Landsmannschaften in Würzburg [around 1800–1807; 1820-1824]. Einst und Jetzt, special issue 1976, pp. 23–32.
  10. ↑ R.-J. Tree: 125 years ago. Würzburg's connection to the Kösener SC association . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 29 (1984), pp. 95-111.
  11. ↑ SC protocols in the archive of the KSCV in the Institute for University Studies .
  12. ^ Karl Lotz: History of the Corps Bavaria zu Würzburg 1815-1905 . Würzburg 1905, p. 164 ff.
  13. ↑ Carl Johanny: Corps students as hostages of the Würzburg Soviet Republic . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 38 (1993), pp. 151-154.
  14. ↑ Ludwigshalle (WürzburgWiki)
  15. ^ Reports and Information, Volumes 476–500 Austrian Research Institute for Economics and Politics Verlag Reports and Information, 1955, p. 119
  16. ↑ On July 6, 1897 the Landsmannschaft became the Corps Makaria, which was accepted into the Würzburger SC on July 9, 1897.