Valentin Alexejewitsch Kargin

Valentin Alexejewitsch Kargin (memorial plaque on Akademik-Kargin-Strasse in Mytishchi )

Valentin Alexeyevich Kargin ( Russian Валентин Алексеевич Каргин ; born January 10 ^{. Jul} / 23. January  1907 ^greg. In Yekaterinoslav , Russian Empire ; † 21st October 1969 in Moscow ) was a Soviet chemist , physical chemist , colloid chemists , polymer chemists and university teachers .

Life

Kargin, the son of a mining engineer , attended secondary school there after the family moved to Klin, graduating in 1922. He then worked in this school as a laboratory assistant until 1923 and then as a timekeeper on the boreholes of the Kursk magnetic anomaly . In 1924 he started as an intern in the analysis laboratory of the Karpov Institute for Physical Chemistry in Moscow. 1925–1930 he studied chemistry at the Lomonossow University in Moscow . He also worked at the RudMetallTorg Trust as a chemistry assistant (1925–1926) and as a chemist in AJ Fersman's group on radioactive ores (1926) and then in the Trust Russkije Samozwety (Russian semi-precious stones) as a senior chemist (1926–1927).

From 1927 Kargin worked in the Laboratory for Colloid Chemistry of the Institute for Physical Chemistry , headed by AJ Rabinowitsch . He worked on problems of geochemistry , analytical chemistry , electrochemistry and finally colloid chemistry. He examined the stability and mechanism of coagulation lyophobic colloids, the reaction mechanism of two colloidal systems and the then unexplored class of metal - organosols . In 1936 he received his doctorate in chemical sciences with a view to his previous publications , without having to defend a dissertation. When Rabinowitsch moved to Lomonosov University, Kargin took over the management of this department in 1937 and kept it until his death.

In 1946 Kargin became a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR) . In 1953 he became a full member of the AN-SSSR and professor at the chair of colloid chemistry at Lomonosov University. The focus of his investigations was the mechanism of formation of the colloid particles. In 1955 he became head of the new chair for polymer chemistry at Lomonosov University. His students included WA Kabanov , NA Platé and NF Bakejew .

1959 Kargin for research of the structure and properties became the polymers in the Institute of Petrochemical - Synthesis (now Toptschijew invited -Institute for petrochemical synthesis) of the AN SSSR and stayed there senior scientist until his death. His interest in polymer synthesis was aroused on the one hand by the discovery of the molecular structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by James Watson and Francis Crick and on the other hand by the stereospecific polymerization of α- olefins and the metal complex catalysts by Giulio Natta . In 1959 he founded the Russian trade journal Polymers and became its editor-in-chief. He also made a significant contribution to the development of the plastics industry , as Nikita Khrushchev emphasized in his 1958 report to the plenary session of the Central Committee of the CPSU .

1960–1963 Kargin was a member of the Office of the Chemical Sciences Department of the AN-SSSR. In 1960 he became Vice Chairman of the Scientific Council on Polymers of the Chemical Sciences Department of the AN-SSSR and in 1963 Chairman. In the Central Committee of the CPSU he promoted the use of polymers in medicine and medical technology and research into the biocompatibility of polymers. In 1961 he became a member of the Government Committee for Science and Technology of the Council of Ministers of the USSR , in which he headed the Scientific Council for Problems of Polymer Materials in Business. From 1963 he was the deputy academy secretary of the general and technical chemistry department of the AN-SSSR. In 1969 he became a foreign member of the German Academy of Sciences in Berlin . He gave lectures at many foreign universities and research centers. He was in close contact with Hermann F. Mark in the organization of the various commissions of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), became the first Russian member of the IUPAC and a full member of the commission for macromolecular chemistry . With others he organized a series of macromolecular chemistry symposia, in particular the Moscow Symposium 1960. He gave plenary lectures at the IUPAC Symposia Wiesbaden 1959, Montreal 1961, Paris 1963 and 1965 and Toronto 1968 as well as at the IUPAC Congress Sydney 1969.

Kargin was a member of the Moscow City Soviet of Working People (1939–1947 and 1950–1957). He was a member of the All- Union Society Knowledge and the Mendeleev All-Union Society for Chemistry .

In October 1969, traveled Kargin with a group of the Committee for Science and Technology to Italy to discuss cooperation with research centers and universities. Because his wife Kalerija Petrovna had a heart attack , he flew back before the end of the talks and went to see his wife in the Academy Hospital and his long-time colleague Professor Soja Jakowlewna Berestnewa in another hospital. After visiting his wife, Kargin lost consciousness and died on the way to Moscow's Sklifosovsky Institute for First Aid through a rupture of the aorta due to an undetected aneurysm . His grave is in the Novodevichy Cemetery . The Research Institute for Polymer Chemistry and Technology in Dzerzhinsk has been named Kargins since 1970. A major international polymer conference was held in Moscow in 1997 on Kargin's 90th birthday.

Honors

• Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1943 double)
• Stalin Prize, 2nd class (1943) for the development of a new method of protective fabric processing and its introduction into production
• Stalin Prize III. Class (1947) for the development and introduction of the artificial consolidation of water-saturated sandy soils
• AN Bach Prize (1949, 1954)
• Stalin Prize, 2nd class (1950) for the development and introduction of the artificial consolidation of water-saturated sandy soils
• Order of Lenin (1954, 1961, 1966)
• Lenin Prize (1962)
• XVI. Mendeleev lecture The formation of structures in polymers
• Hero of Socialist Labor (1966)
• State Prize of the USSR (1969)
• various medals

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Walentin Kargin 23/01/1907 - 1969.10.21 Hero of Socialist Labor (Russian, accessed August 31, 2016).
2. ↑ Valentin Alekseevich KARGIN physical chemist (accessed August 31, 2016).
3. ↑ Obituary Valentin Alekseevich Kargin (1907-1969) . In: Polymer Mechanics . tape 5 , no. 6 , 1969, p. 1028 , doi : 10.1007 / BF00864697 .
4. ^ Reading Dedicated to Valentin A. Kargin-1991 . In: International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials . tape 15 , no. 2 , 1991, p. 141 , doi : 10.1080 / 00914039108031532 .
5. ↑ В. А. Каргин, А. И. Рабинович: Об активности компенсирующих ионов в коллоидных системах . In: Журнал физической химии . tape 6 , no. 9 , 1935.
6. ↑ В. А. Каргин, А. И. Рабинович: Об изменениях в коллоидных системах при взаимодействии их с электролитами . In: Журнал физической химии . tape 6 , no. 9 , 1935.
7. ↑ В. А. Каргин, 3.Я.Берестнева: О механизме образования коллоидных частиц . In: Успехи химии . tape 24 , no. 3 , 1955.