Water intestine

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Water intestine
Water intestine (Stellaria aquatica)

Water intestine ( Stellaria aquatica )

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae)
Subfamily : Alsinoideae
Genre : Myosoton
Type : Water intestine
Scientific name of the  genus
Myosoton
Monk
Scientific name of the  species
Stellaria aquatica
( L. ) Moench

The common water chickweed ( Stellaria aquatica ), also water Minimize called, is the only species of genus Myosoton within the family of the Pink family (Caryophyllaceae). It is widespread in Eurasia .

description

illustration
Branching and opposite leaves
Inflorescence with flower buds and open flowers
The flower stalks and sepals are densely glandular
The flower, sepals and petals have been removed. The ovary with five pistils is visible

Vegetative characteristics

The water intestine grows as an evergreen , perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 15 to 50, occasionally up to 100 centimeters. It grows with lying or climbing, fragile, square and upwardly glandular stems . The seated or short-stalked lower leaves are oblong to heart-shaped with a broad base and often wavy at the edge.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to September. The radial symmetry flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five white petals are almost in two parts and 1 to 1.5 times as long as the 5 to 8 millimeter long sepals . The anthers are yellowish to purple in color. The flowers have five styles .

The capsule fruits contain seeds up to 1 mm long .

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.

Possibility of confusion

The water intestine differs from the similar grove chickweed ( Stellaria nemorum ) by the five styles in the flower. In the Hain chickweed there are only three styluses.

ecology

The water intestine is a rhizome - geophyte , exceptionally also annual. Due to the multi-fork-like ( dichasial ) branched stalk, the sections of which are thickened by joints at the base, it also grows as a spreading climber and can then reach a height of up to 1 meter. The nutrient and moisture indicator is rooted up to 50 centimeters deep.

The flowers are gyno-dioecious , i. H. there are also plants with only female flowers. They differ in the length of the calyx of the petals. The sepals of the pre-male flowers are also glandular, but this does not ward off the bladder feet . Spontaneous self-pollination occurs when the stigmas touch the anthers towards the end of the flowering period. Pollinators are dewfly , hymenoptera, and beetles, as well as bladder feet.

The plant acts as a self-sower, with the prostrate stems pressing the fruit to the ground. Fruit ripening occurs from July.

Occurrence

The water bowel is common in Europe and the temperate areas of Asia, but is also found in India and Pakistan. In North America he is a neophyte .

It often grows in riparian weeds, in perennial meadows, in willow bushes, on forest paths and in ditches. It thrives best on ground or seeping wet, sometimes temporarily flooded, very nutrient-rich and humus-rich loam, clay or mud soils . It is a character species of the order Convolvuletalia, but also occurs in plant communities of the order Bidentetalia or the class Chenopodietea.

In the Allgäu Alps, it rises in Vorarlberg between Warth and Untergehren to an altitude of 1400 meters.

Systematics

It was first published by Carl von Linné under the name ( Basionym ) Cerastium aquaticum in Sp. Pl .: 439, 1753. The new combination to Myosoton aquaticum was published by Conrad Moench in Methodus: 225, 1794. Other synonyms of Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moench are: Stellaria aquatica (L.) Scop. , Malachium aquaticum (L.) frieze .

Myosoton aquaticum is the only species of the genus Myosoton from the tribe Alsineae in the subfamily Alsinoideae within the family Caryophyllaceae .

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 7th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1994, ISBN 3-8252-1828-7 .
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d Myosoton in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
  2. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition, Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . P. 371.
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW-Verlag, Eching near Munich, 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 . P. 490.
  4. ↑ Karol Marhold, 2011: Caryophyllaceae : Data sheet Myosoton aquaticum In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Web links

Commons : water intestine ( Myosoton aquaticum )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files