Vasily Michailowitsch Dolgoruki-Krimski
Prince Vasily Mikhailovich Dolgoruky-Krimski ( Russian Василий Михайлович Долгоруков-Крымский , * 1 . Jul / 12. July 1722 greg. In Moscow , † January 30 jul. / 10. February 1782 greg. In Moscow ) was a Russian general and Statesman, commander in the Russo-Turkish War . For his victories against the Crimean Khanate he was given the suffix "Krimski" and was Governor General of Moscow from 1780 to 1782 .
Life
Prince Vasili Dolgoruki was a son of Prince Mikhail Vladimirovich Dolgorukov (1667-1750) from his marriage to Princess Eudokia Jurjewna Odojewski (1675-1729).
Early military career
Dolgoruki-Krimski joined the Imperial Russian Army in 1735 as a sergeant in the cavalry . Under Tsarina Anna (1730–1740) the Dolgoruki family fell out of favor, and many of their representatives were expropriated and exiled. Mikhail Dolgorukov lost his post as governor of Astrakhan , and his son Vasily was forbidden to study. The prince's bravery in taking Perekop on May 19 and 20, 1736 prompted Field Marshal Münnich to make him an officer anyway . As an ensign , Vasily Michailowitsch took part in the siege of Ochakov and the capture of Chotin . On November 25, 1741 he received the rank of lieutenant , under the new Tsarina Elisabeth he rose quickly: in 1743 he was a major , in 1745 already a lieutenant colonel and served as adjutant general of his uncle, Prince Dolgorukov , who was president of the military college. In 1747 he rose to colonel on until 1755 he commanded the Tobolsk Infantry - Regiment and became a major general appointed.
During the Seven Years' War he led a department in the army of Field Marshal Apraxin, who was advancing into East Prussia . For his bravery during the siege of Küstrin (August 1758) and after his participation in the Battle of Zorndorf he was promoted to lieutenant general. In September 1761 he took part in the siege of Kolberg and was wounded twice by the end of the war. On the day of Tsarina Catherine II's coronation , he was awarded the Alexander Nevsky Order . In 1767 the Order of St. Andrew followed .
In the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774 , he commanded the troops on the border with Crimea . In 1769 his troops crossed the border with the Crimean Khanate . The next year, under General Panin , as commander of the 2nd Field Army (38,000 men), he broke into the Crimea through the fortified line of Perekop on the night of June 13-14, 1771. Then he forced the entrance to the Kerch peninsula and occupied Jenikal , Kaffa (Feodosia), Arabat and Evpatoria . On June 29th, his troops defeated the army of the Crimean Khan Selim Giray in the Battle of Kaffa and occupied Yalta , Balaklava and Sudak . Dolgorukov sent troops to Alushta and stormed the opposing capital Bakhchisarai , by the end of July the Crimea had been completely conquered. In the Peace of Küçük Kaynarca in 1774, the Crimean Khan had to recognize the "independence" of Crimea. The final annexation of the Crimean Khanate did not take place until 1783.
family
Vasily Michailowitsch Dolgoruki married Anastasia Wassiljewna Wolin (1723–1805), court lady of Empress Catherine II, in 1743, with her he had two sons and three daughters:
- Evdokia (1744–1811), married to Lieutenant General Vasily Vladimirovich Grushetsky
- Michail Wassiljewitsch (1746–1791), chamberlain, privy councilor and senator.
- Feodosjew (1747-1825)
- Vasily (1752–1812), lieutenant general and privy councilor, married Catherine Baryatinsky (1769–1849).
- Praskova Wassiljewna (1754–1826), married to Count Valentin Musin-Pushkin (1735–1804)
Retirement
On July 10, 1775, the anniversary of the Peace of Küçük Kaynarca , Dolgoruki received the Order of St. Andrew with sword and diamonds from the Tsarina , as well as the Order of St. George 1st class in connection with the addition of "Krimski". Because his wish - the desired rank of field marshal - had not been fulfilled, Prince Dolgorukov withdrew to his country estate in the village of Vasilyevsky, citing his poor health. In 1780 he was appointed governor of Moscow by decree of Catherine II and earned the love and respect of the Muscovites through his administration. At the end of January 1782 he died in Moscow and was buried in the village of Poluehtov. His wife outlived her husband by 23 years. On the day of Alexander I's coronation on September 15, 1801, Princess Dolgorukova was appointed first lady-in-waiting and died on January 4, 1805 at the age of 83. She was buried next to her husband in the Church of the Three Magi in the village of Poluehtow, Ruza District.
On September 29, 1842, Prince Vasily Vasilyevich financed an obelisk in Simferopol to commemorate him . The monument was erected on the spot where Dolgoruki's headquarters were located in 1771.
literature
- Daniel E. Wagner: History of the Russian Empire from the oldest to the newest times . tape 6 . Hamburg 1810, OCLC 633402937 , p. 27 ( digital-sammlungen.de ).
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Dolgoruki-Krimski, Wassili Michailowitsch |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Долгору́ков-Кры́мский, Васи́лий Миха́йлович (Russian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian general and statesman, commander in the Russo-Turkish War |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 12, 1722 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Moscow |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 10, 1782 |
| Place of death | Moscow |