Alternate leaved milkweed
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Alternate leaf spleen ( Chrysosplenium alternifolium ) |
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The Wechselblättrige Chrysosplenium ( Chrysosplenium alternifolium ), also gold-leaved golden saxifrage , alternating sheet Chrysosplenium or scabies flower called, is a plant type from the family of Saxifragaceae (Saxifragaceae).
Naming
The scientific name is derived on the one hand from the Greek words χρῡσός chrysos "gold", because of the bright yellow colored bracts, and σπλήν splen " splen ", because of the spleen-like leaves. The type epithet comes from the Latin alternus "changing" and folium "leaf". It refers to the alternate leaves.
Plant description
The alternately leaved milkweed is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches stature heights of five to 15 (rarely up to 20) centimeters. It forms loose colonies through long, thin, subterranean runners . In contrast to the Opposite Milkwort, it has alternate, deeply notched leaves . The blade of the basal leaves has a heart-shaped base that is always shorter than the petiole. There are no stipules. The plant has a triangular stem .
There are relatively few flowers in the trumpet- shaped inflorescence with yellow bracts . The flowering period is from March to May (June). The small, hermaphroditic, pre-female, radial symmetry , four-fold, green-yellowish flowers are only about 5 mm in size. There is only one bloom circle, there are four sepals , the petals are missing. There are eight stamens in each flower . The underlying ovary develops from two carpels . There are fruit capsules formed.
The species occurs with the chromosome numbers 2n = 24, 36 or 48.
ecology
The species is a perennial, deciduous hemicryptophyte or geophyte . It grows loose grass.
The flowers are inconspicuous "nectar-bearing disc flowers". The individual flowers are only about 5 mm in size. The visual effect is caused by the golden yellow bracts. The flowers are female and the stigmas remain ready for conception for a long time. Pollinators are flies and beetles . The flowering period is between March and May.
The opened capsule fruits form flat shells from which the brown, shiny seeds are thrown out by raindrops. The seeds thus spread as a rain ballist . In addition, seeds spread as rainworms and also by ants . The fruit ripens between May and June.
The vegetative propagation takes place through underground runners .
Occurrence
The alternate leaf spleen is common in Germany and also occurs in the entire northern hemisphere in temperate latitudes. In the Alps you can find it at altitudes of 2000 meters. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises up to 1900 m above sea level on the Upper Gottesackerwände in Bavaria.
Its locations are in forests, in shady, damp places, on the banks of rivers and in alder and ash forests adjacent to the stream. It is a character species of the Alno-Ulmion association, but also occurs in societies of the Fagion associations or of the Montio-Cardaminetea or Betulo-Adenostyletea classes. The ground is always moist, at times flooding is endured. It requires nutrient-rich, humus-rich, loamy or clay soils and is often found on Gley . It's a Gley and Mullboden pointer. It is also the only flowering plant to date that could be detected in a lamp flora .
Common names
The other German-speaking common names exist or existed for the alternate spleen : Buttercups ( Silesia ), Eggwort ( Graubünden , Bern ), Goldmilz, Goldveilchen ( Leipzig ), Hoalbletzl ( Tyrol in Pongau and Pinzgau ), Krätzenkraut ( Salzburg ), Krodenkraut ( Werfen , Salzburg, Zillertal ), Krotenkraut ( Carinthia ), Krottenblume ( Lucerne ), Golden Liverwort (Silesia), Gulden Milzkraut ( Alsace ), Rauch Mondkraut (Alsace), Gulden Saxifrage (Alsace), Zittrachkraut (Salzburg), Zittriche (Tyrol) and Zittrichkraut (Tyrol). They are used identically for the very similar opposing Milkwort.
literature
- Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . 7th edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8252-1828-7 , pp. 492 .
- Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , p. 211.
- The virtual floran. Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, accessed March 8, 2009 .
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
Web links
- Alternate leaved milkweed. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Alternate leaved milkweed . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Chrysosplenium alternifolium L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved November 3, 2015.
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen, Raino Lampinen, Arto Kurtto: Atlas florae europaeae . Volume 12 (Resedaceae to Platanaceae). Pages 217-218, Helsinki 1999. ISBN 951-9108-12-2
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 660.
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 493.
- ↑ U. Passauer: Chrysosplenium alternifolium L. in the Lurgrotte - for the first time a flowering plant in a "lamp flora" (PDF; 1.2 MB)
- ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 97. ( online ).