Wilhelm of Freeden

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Wilhelm of Freeden

Wilhelm Ihno Adolph von Freeden (born May 12, 1822 in Norden , † January 11, 1894 in Bonn ) was a German mathematician, scientist and oceanographer. He founded the North German Seewarte.

Life

Wilhelm von Freeden was the son of the captain and later shipowner Adolf von Freeden (1786–1865) and his wife, the Juister captain's daughter Albertina born. Visser (* 1787). After attending grammar school, he studied mathematics and natural sciences in Bonn and Göttingen . He became a member of the Corps Guestphalia Bonn (1842) and the Corps Frisia Göttingen (1846). After long journeys in 1845 he became a teacher at the Ulrichsgymnasium Norden and at the Mariengymnasium Jever . In 1856 he became a teacher and in 1860 rector of the navigation school in Elsfleth (today the seafaring department of Jade University). During these years he published several nautical textbooks and calculation tables. In addition, he carried out systematic meteorological observations and measurements for years, which formed the basis for his later climatological publications.

On September 1, 1867, he resigned from the civil service and in 1867 founded the private institute of the North German Seewarte in Hamburg . Freeden was director and main employee of the institute, which was subsidized by the chambers of commerce of Hamburg and Bremen of the North German Confederation , several large shipping companies and the Reich. It was the task of the sea control to give ship captains precise suggestions for the optimal route determination, taking into account the latest scientific findings and collected observations, thereby reducing travel time and costs. Freeden himself wrote almost 800 of these driving instructions, which were kept up to date and expanded through detailed questioning of the captains and the systematic evaluation of the ship's logs.

The North German Seewarte was dissolved in February 1875, and its area of ​​responsibility was taken over by the newly established Deutsche Seewarte . Here Freeden developed an extensive activity in all parts of the world in relation to practical sailing instructions, oceanography , shipping statistics, oceanic meteorology and storm warnings. In the German North Polar Association he tried to promote German northern trips. By 1891 he published the Hansa (magazine) , a central organ of various maritime societies, clubs and associations, of which he had been the responsible editor since 1870.

politics

Freeden was also politically active at times. As a young teacher, he and his colleague Dagobert Böckel published the left-liberal - democratic newspaper Freie Blätter for the free people after the outbreak of the revolution from 1848 in Jever until 1850 . In the 1860s he joined the German National Club.

From 1871 to 1877 he was a member of the German Reichstag as a member of the constituency of the Province of Hanover 1 (Emden - North - Leer), in which he joined the parliamentary group of the national liberal party in which he belonged to the left wing. Wilhelm von Freeden lived in Bonn from 1877.

family

He married Amalie Sophie Dorothee Misch on May 12, 1847 in Jever (born June 26, 1823 - † March 4, 1859). The couple had three sons:

  • Ihno (born September 3, 1849; † July 18, 1941), Captain ⚭ 1879 Helene von Holleuffer (born April 7, 1856)
  • Hermann Wilhelm Ludwig (born August 26, 1851 - March 4, 1926), captain, then general agent of several shipping companies ⚭ 1881 Mathilde Elisabeth von Holleuffer (born March 1, 1855)
  • Richard (July 26, 1853 - October 13, 1911), inventor of smokeless gunpowder

In 1859 he married Agnese Ehrentraut (1831-1897), a daughter of the Oldenburg court counselor Heinrich Georg Ehrentraut (1798-1866), in Hanover . The couple had three daughters and four sons:

  • Wilhelm (6 November 1860 - 30 March 1929)
  • Karl (April 22, 1862 - December 14, 1940)
  • Hedwig (born August 14, 1863 - September 21, 1929)
  • Maximilian (born June 20, 1865 - † October 14, 1939), captain and father of the art historian Max Hermann von Freeden
  • Heinrich (23 September 1866 - 11 June 1932)
  • Agnes (April 4, 1868 - December 25, 1944)
  • Ida (born November 29, 1869 - † December 27, 1871)

Fonts

  • The practice of the least squares method. Edited for the needs of beginners. Volume 1: Elementary presentation of the method together with a collection of fully calculated physical, meteorological, geodetic and astronomical tasks, which lead to linear and transcendent equations. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1863.
  • Handbook of nautical science and its auxiliary sciences. Schulze, Oldenburg 1864.
  • Chamber of Commerce in Hamburg (ed.): Annual report of the North German Seewarte for the year 1868 . No. 1 . Ackermann & Wulff, Hamburg (30 pp., Bsh.de [PDF; 2.9 MB ; accessed on November 22, 2018]).
  • About the scientific results of the first German north voyage of 1868. Public lecture, held in the Association for Art and Science in Hamburg, along with special explanations of the weather book and a map, the sailed route of the "Greenland", and the currents, isotherms, isametrals and isogons of the North Sea containing (= messages from the North German Seewarte. Volume 1, 1869, ZDB -ID 1001305-2 ). Mauke, Hamburg 1869.
  • Northwest German weather calendar. After ten years of observations at the Elsfleth meteorological station on the Weser in the years 1858-67 (= messages from the North German Sea Observatory. Volume 2, 1869). Mauke, Hamburg 1869.
  • Via the steamboat routes between the canal and New York. According to the journal excerpts of the steamers of Norddeutscher Lloyd in the years 1860–1867. In addition to wind and weather at the same time (= communications from the North German Seewarte. Volume 3, 1870). Friedrichsen, Hamburg 1870.
  • Barometer book on the use of seafarers. Translated from English according to the latest edition of the “Barometer Manual for the use of seamen” by the “Meteorological Office” in London. Schulze, Oldenburg 1885.

From 1849 to 1850 he edited the Freie Blätter in Jever with Böckel and, since 1870, the Hansa, Zeitschrift für Seewesen .

Honors

For Wilhelm von Freeden's contribution to the support of the First German North Polar Expedition in 1868 under the direction of Carl Koldewey , the following were named after him:

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Kösener Korpslisten 1910, 21 / ZDB -ID 90022-9 , 300; 66/54
  2. ^ Walter Horn: The beginnings of the German sea observatory. For the 150th anniversary of Wilhelm Ihno Adolf von Freeden's birthday. In: Journal of the Association for Hamburg History. Volume 58, 1972, ISSN  0083-5587 , pp. 45-82, here p. 57, (digitized version )
  3. ^ Dagobert Böckel. In: Hans Friedl u. a. (Ed.): Biographical manual for the history of the state of Oldenburg. Edited on behalf of the Oldenburg landscape. Isensee, Oldenburg 1992, ISBN 3-89442-135-5 , p. 76 (online)
  4. ^ Fritz Specht, Paul Schwabe: The Reichstag elections from 1867 to 1903. Statistics of the Reichstag elections together with the programs of the parties and a list of the elected representatives. 2nd Edition. Carl Heymann Verlag, Berlin 1904, p. 115.
  5. ↑ Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of noble houses for the year 1906 , p. 319.
  6. ↑ American patent specification.
  7. ↑ Everything that has appeared.
  8. ↑ www.franz-josef-land.info
  9. ↑ Kapp Freeden on the map of the Norwegian Polar Institute
  10. ↑ Freeden Bugt . In: Anthony K. Higgins: Exploration history and place names of northern East Greenland. (= Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin 21, 2010). Copenhagen 2010, ISBN 978-87-7871-292-9 (English), accessed February 19, 2014.
  11. ^ Freeden Bank in the Geographic Names Information System of the United States Geological Survey
  12. ↑ Freeden Seamount in the Marine Gazetteer
personal data
SURNAME Freeden, Wilhelm von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Freeden, Wilhelm Ihno Adolph von (full name); Freeden, Wilhelm Ihno Adolf von; Freeden, W. v .; Freeden, Wilhelm van
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German mathematician, scientist, oceanographer, founder of the North German Sea Observatory and politician (NLP), MdR
DATE OF BIRTH May 12, 1822
PLACE OF BIRTH north
DATE OF DEATH January 11, 1894
Place of death Bonn