Zwettlbach (Great Mill)

Zwettlbach / Světlá Zwettelbach, Reichenauer Bach
Steep step at Morau
Data
Water code	CZ : 4-04-01-003
location	southern Bohemian Forest and Mühlviertel ; Jihočeský kraj , Upper Austria
River system	Danube
Drain over	Great Mill  → Danube  → Black Sea
source	west of Svatý Tomáš in the Bohemian Forest 48 ° 38 ′ 31 ″  N , 14 ° 5 ′ 51 ″  E
Source height	957  m nm
muzzle	at the Oedtwald near Gattergaßling in the Große Mühl Coordinates: 48 ° 35 '53 "  N , 14 ° 1' 25"  E 48 ° 35 '53 "  N , 14 ° 1' 25"  E
Mouth height	518  m above sea level A.
Height difference	439 m
Bottom slope	27 ‰
length	16 km

Hauptgranzenstein from 1788

The Zwettlbach , formerly Zwettelbach or Reichenauer Bach (Czech Světlá ) is a left tributary of the Great Mühl in the Czech Republic and Austria .

course

The Světlá rises west of Svatý Tomáš in the Bohemian Forest . Your source is located at the northwest foot of the ruins Vítkův hrádek winning Vítkův kámen ( Schlossberg , 1035 m nm) and is only slightly west of the Horský potok / Stone Muehl . The upper course of the stream leads east of Medvědí vrch ( bear basket , 1017 m nm) to the south past the deserted Linda ( linden ). The Světlá then takes a south-westerly direction and flows through a wide swampy valley north of the U Horní Ureše (866 m nm) past the Austrian border. Along its course are the desert areas of Pernek ( Bernek ), Rychnůvek ( German Reichenau ) and Horní Ureš ( Upper Uresch ). Opposite the Morau castle ruins , the Zwettlbach / Světlá takes a southerly direction and flows past St. Oswald bei Haslach and Almesberg as well as the desert areas of Murov ( Murau ) and Mukenslag ( Muckenschlag ). On this two-kilometer section, the Zwettlbach partly forms the Austrian-Czech border, partly it flows parallel to this on Czech territory. The lower course of the Zwettlbach leads from Unterurasch in an easterly direction past Kasbach, Damreith and the Zwettlmühle through the Mühlviertel . After 16 kilometers the Zwettlbach flows into the Große Mühl in the Oedtwald near Gattergaßling .

The creek flows over a length of 10.5 kilometers through Czech territory in the Šumava National Park , of which 8.2 kilometers in the Czech interior.

From the confluence of the Reithbach / Otovský potok, the Zwettlbach / Světlá is channeled as part of the Schwarzenberg canal . At the border section near Morau the brook flows through the artificially created Morau steep step. The swampy meadows in the area of ​​the village Rychnůvek are now part of the village Světlá.

Schwarzenbergscher Schwemmkanal

The Schwarzenbergsche Schwemmkanal leads from the catchment area of ​​the Vltava from the border brook Iglbach / Ježová over the watershed to the Danube on the saddle west of the Růžovský vrch (rose hill, 939 m nm) to the Otovský potok / Ottenschlager brook and over this over the Zwettlbach to the Großer Mühl. The length of this section belonging to the Old Canal is 7.5 kilometers. This was followed by the 28.3 km long Mühlschwemme between the Großer Mühl and the Danube.

history

Wittinghausen Castle , located above the headwaters of the stream, is considered the ancestral castle of the Witigonen . The upper valley of the Zwettlbach was also settled from the castle. The villages in the border area between Bohemia and Upper Austria formed the core of the Wittinghausen rule and the German court Deutsch Reichenau, which the Austrian side called the Bohemian court . In the second half of the 15th century, the Lords of Rosenberg united the rule of Wittinghausen with the rule of Krummau . From 1622 the Lordship of Krumlov belonged to the princes of Eggenberg and from 1719 to the princes of Schwarzenberg . The areas on the lower course of the brook belonged to Schlägl Abbey , which also owned the rafting rights on the Große Mühl.

Between 1775 and 1778, the Fürstlich Schwarzenberg forest engineer Joseph Rosenauer presented the first plans to cross the watershed between the Vltava and the Danube via a canal from the Große Mühl into the Bohemian Forest. These were not initially implemented. Rosenauer later measured the border between Bohemia and Upper Austria on behalf of Prince Schwarzenberg, who had meanwhile acquired almost the entire Bohemian part of the Bohemian Forest. A main granite stone set in 1788 has been preserved on the Zwettlbach below Morau Castle .

After Prince Joseph II von Schwarzenberg had also acquired the rafting privilege on the Große Mühl in 1789, the alluvial canal between Hirschbergen and the Ottenschlager Bach was built. The Zwettlbach was also prepared for the rafting and its stony section near Morau was prepared for them by a steep step. In the second half of the 19th century the prices for firewood fell; The large mill was not suitable for the profitable flood of logs because of numerous mills and weirs. After the construction of the Mühlkreisbahn in 1888, the flood of wood on the Großer Mühl to the Danube was reduced more and more. In 1916, logs were swept from the Rosenhügel to Haslach for the last time. On January 1, 1935, Schlägl Abbey received the Upper Austrian canal section from the Rotbach to the Iglbach back from the Schwarzenberg Forestry Directorate Oberplan , which also ended the concession for flooding operations in the Austrian part.

After the end of the Second World War , most of the German residents of the Reiterschlag community were expelled. The few new settlers had to leave the area, which was declared a restricted zone at the Iron Curtain from 1951 . All localities on Czech territory were razed to the ground.

Tributaries

• Otovský potok ( Reithbach , also Ottenschlager Bach ) (r) opposite the Morau castle ruins
  • Schwarzenbergsch alluvial canal (r), below Kocanda in the Otovský potok
• Steinbach / Urešův potok (l), near Kasbach

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from January 13, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.