Arabian Nights (miniseries) and Arad, Israel: Difference between pages
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:''This is about the TV series; for alternate uses, see '''[[Arabian Nights (disambiguation)]] ''''' |
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{{For|the archaeological site|Tel Arad}} |
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{{Infobox Film | |
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{{Infobox Israel municipality |
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name =Arabian Nights | |
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|name=Arad |
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image =Arabian Nights Miniseries 2.jpg | |
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|image=Arad_Israel.png |
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director = [[Steve Barron]] | |
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|caption=Emblem of Arad - colors may vary |
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producer = [[Dyson Lovell]] | |
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|imgsize=70 |
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writer = [[Peter Barnes]] | |
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|image3=Arad_municipality.jpg |
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starring = [[Mili Avital]] <BR \> [[Dougray Scott]] | |
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|caption3=Municipality building |
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cinematography = [[Remi Adefarasin]] | |
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|imgsize3=200 |
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distributor = | |
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|hebname={{Hebrew|עֲרָד}} |
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released = [[April 30]], [[2000]] | |
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|arname=عراض |
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runtime = 175 min. | |
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|meaning=Named after [[Tel Arad]] |
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language = English | |
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|founded=21 November 1962 |
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budget = | |
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|type=city |
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music = [[Richard Harvey (musician)|Richard Harvey]]| |
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|typefrom=1995 |
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awards = | |
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|stdHeb= |
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imdb_id = 0181199 | |
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|altOffSp= |
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|}} |
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|altUnoSp= |
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'''''Arabian Nights''''' is a three-hour, two-part [[miniseries]] that was made by [[Hallmark Entertainment]], originally shown over two nights on [[April 30]], and [[May 1]], [[2000]] on [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] in the [[United States]] and [[BBC One]] in the [[United Kingdom]]. |
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|district=south |
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|population=23,300<ref name="cbs populations">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/population/new_2009/table3.pdf|publisher=[[Israel Central Bureau of Statistics]]|title=Table 3 - Population of Localities Numbering Above 1,000 Residents and Other Rural Population|date=2008-06-30|accessdate=2008-09-13}}</ref> |
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|popyear=2007 |
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|area_dunam=93140 |
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|pushpin_map=Israel |
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|latd=31 |latm=16 |lats=0 |latNS=N |
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|longd=35 |longm=7 |longs=0 |longEW=E |
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|mayor=Gideon Bar-Lev |
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|website=http://www.arad.muni.il |
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}} |
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[[Image:Tel arad all.JPG|thumb|Ruins of ancient Tel Arad]] |
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'''Arad''' ({{lang-he-n|עֲרָד}}; {{lang-ar|عراض}}) is a city in the [[South District (Israel)|South District]] of [[Israel]], on the border of the [[Negev]] and [[Judean Desert]]s. Located {{convert|25|km|mi|1|sp=us}} west of the [[Dead Sea]] and {{convert|45|km|mi|1|sp=us}} east of the city [[Beersheba]], the city is home to a diverse population of 23,300,<ref name="profile" /> including [[Ashkenazi]] and [[Sephardi]] [[Jews]], both secular and religious, [[Bedouins]] and [[Black Hebrew]]s, as well as native-born Israelis and new immigrants. The city is notable for its clean, dry air and serves as a major attraction to [[asthmatics]] worldwide.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Kantor SZ, Frank M, Hoch-Kantor D, ''et al''|title=Airborne allergens and clinical response of asthmatics in Arad, a new town in a desert area in Israel|journal=The Journal of allergy|volume=37|issue=2|pages=pp. 65–74|year=1966|pmid=5217164}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Frank M, de Vries A|title=Further observation on the clinical response of asthmatic settlers in Arad, Israel|journal=The Journal of allergy|volume=40|issue=3|pages=pp. 182–183|year=1967|pmid=5231431}}</ref> |
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Although attempts to settle the area have been made as early as 1921, the city was founded only in November 1962 as the last [[development town]] to be established and the first pre-planned city in Israel. Arad's population grew significantly with the [[Aliyah from the Commonwealth of Independent States in the 1990s]], and peaked in 2002 at 24,500 residents. The city has seen a decline in population ever since. |
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The series was written by [[Peter Barnes]] and directed by [[Steve Barron]] and is based on the medieval [[Oriental]] stories from ''[[The Book of One Thousand and One Nights]]''. The series consists of five stories which are framed within a sixth, which maintains the traditional style of ''stories within stories'' that is synonymous with the ''Nights''. |
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As the second-largest city in Israel in terms of jurisdiction, Arad contains a number of large public places and facilities, such as the ruins of [[Tel Arad]], the [[#Parks and recreation|Arad Park]], an airfield serving domestic flights, and Israel's first legal race circuit. It is also well-known for its annual [[#Music festival|music festival]], which was one of the most popular annual music events in the country until 1995. |
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The series is notable for its witty script, its high production values (featuring lavish costumes and eye-catching Asian locations), and for its star-studded cast, which includes [[Alan Bates]], [[Rufus Sewell]], [[Dougray Scott]], [[Andy Serkis]], [[James Frain]], [[John Leguizamo]] (in a dual role), [[Jason Scott Lee]], [[Vanessa-Mae]], [[Alexei Sayle]], [[Jim Carter]], [[Mili Avital]] and [[James Callis]]. |
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== |
==History== |
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Arad is named after the biblical [[Canaan]]ite town located at [[Tel Arad]] (a [[Biblical archaeology]] site famous for the discovery of [[ostracon|ostraca]]) which is located approximately {{convert|8|km|mi|1|sp=us}} west of modern Arad.<ref name="ariel" /> The bible describes it as a Canaanite stronghold whose king kept the [[Israelites]] from moving from the [[Negev]] to the [[Judean Mountains]], although Tel Arad was destroyed over 1,200 years before the arrival of the Israelites. However, [[Shoshenq I]]'s chronicles seem to mention a settlement in Tel Arad. During the [[Byzantine]] period, the location was still correctly identified by [[Eusebius]], and the name Arad was preserved by the Bedouins.<ref name="mapa" /> |
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The series starts in [[Baghdad]], with Sultan [[Shahryar]] ([[Dougray Scott]]) who has gone mad after he killed his first during a failed [[coup d’état]] which she planned with Shahryar’s own brother ([[James Frain]]). Now, five years later, Shahryar believes that all women want to kill him, but he must get married or the throne will pass to his brother. In his madness, Shahryar decides to take a wife and have her executed the next day. In order to prevent this, the clever [[Scheherazade]] ([[Mili Avital]]), a childhood friend of Shahryar, who is in love with him, marries the troubled Sultan and tells him stories every night, stopping at daybreak with a [[cliff-hanger]]. In order to hear the rest of the story, Shahryar must keep Scheherazade alive until the next night. Cunningly, Scheherazade has hidden a [[moral]] within every story, to bring the Sultan out of his madness. |
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===Foundation=== |
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The first modern attempt to settle the area was made by the [[Yishuv]], the body of Jewish residents in Palestine, on 23 February 1921, when the [[British Mandate]] government allowed released soldiers from the [[Jewish Legion]] to settle in the area.<ref name="ariel">{{Cite encyclopedia|author=Vilnai, Ze'ev|title=Arad|encyclopedia=Ariel Encyclopedia|volume=Volume 7|pages=pp. 6002-6003|publisher=Am Oved|location=Israel}} {{he icon}}</ref> Nine men and two women attempted the task, but after four months were forced to leave because water was not found in the area.<ref name="ariel" /> |
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It was not until 15 November 1960, when a planning unit (and a full committee on 29 December) were appointed by the [[Government of Israel|government]] to examine the possibility of settlement in the northeastern [[Negev]] desert and the Arad area. An initial budget of 50,000 [[Israeli lira]]s was given to the project which was to be under the leadership of [[Aryeh Eliav]]. On 31 January 1961, the final location of the new city was decided ({{convert|3.5|km|mi|1|sp=us}} southwest of Mount Kidod), as well as details about road and water connections. During March 1961, a full city plan for 10,000 and then 20,000 residents was conceived, along with a corresponding map. [[Yona Pitelson]] served as the chief architect of the city and was instrumental in its design.<ref name="museum">{{Cite web|url=http://www.arad-museum.com/historyofarad.html|title=Arad - First Days - Preface|accessdate=2007-11-30|publisher=Arad Historical Museum}} {{he icon}}</ref> |
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<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Arabian Nights Miniseries 3.jpg|left|200px|thumb|[[Los Angeles Times]] supplement from April 30, 2000.]] --> |
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===Growth to a city=== |
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[[Image:Arad plan.png|thumb|left|Original city plan for Arad]] |
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Ali Baba ([[Rufus Sewell]]) is a poor peasant who lives with his lazy brother Kazim ([[Andy Serkis]]) who comes upon a magic cave, guarded by tamed dragons. The cave belongs to the Forty Thieves, a tribe of murderous bandits that have plagued the kingdom. Their leader is Black Coda, a master of disguise. The gold and loot they've stolen inside the cave, which can only be opened by the magic word "Open Sesame!". After the Forty Thieves leave, Ali Baba uses the password to enter the cave. He steals as much gold his camel can carry. He awakes his lazy brother Kazim, showing him the fortune he's stolen. Kazim demands his share, so he returns to the cave. |
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The foundations of modern Arad were laid when the oil company Nefta built a work camp in the area in July 1961, consisting of six temporary sheds, after oil was found there in commercial quantities.<ref name="museum" /><ref name="new israel guide" /> The town itself, however, was officially founded in 1962 by a group of young Israelis, most of them ex-[[kibbutz]] and ex-[[moshav]] members, who were seeking an environment free of the urban ills of overcrowding, traffic, noise, and pollution.<ref name="lexicon hareuveni">{{cite book|title=Lexicon of the Land of Israel|publisher=Miskal - Yedioth Ahronoth Books and Chemed Books|year=1999|author=HaReuveni, Immanuel|pages=pp. 781-782|isbn=965-448-413-7}} {{he icon}}</ref> The founding ceremony was held on 21 November, and attended by then-Prime Minister [[David Ben-Gurion]]. It was one of the last [[development town]]s to be founded.<ref>{{cite book|title=Studies of Israeli Society|author=Krausz, Ernest|coauthors=Glanz, David and Antonovsky, Aaron|publisher=Transaction Books|isbn=087855369X|pages=p. 225|publisher=Transaction Publishers|year=1980}}</ref> According to the city website, Arad was the first pre-planned city in Israel.<ref name="muni89">{{cite web|url=http://www.arad.muni.il/89.html|title=Arad - to Live Quality|publisher=Arad Municipality|accessdate=2008-10-14}} {{he icon}}</ref> |
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[[Image:Arad Flag.jpg|thumb|right|Flag of Arad]] |
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Taking two rolls of sesame bread to remember the password, he enters the cave. But he feeds the rolls to the dragons, forgets the password to get out and is trapped. Hhe remembers, only to flee the cave as the thieves have returned. Black Coda slays him, then leaves his body for the buzzards. Ali Baba and his neighbor, Morgiana, find Kazim and use some of the stolen treasure to bury him. Black Coda and the Forty find out, and they swear to track the thief and kill him. |
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Until 1964 Arad had about 160 families, most of whom were natives. After 1971 Arad began absorbing ''[[Aliyah|olim]]'' (mostly [[Aliyah from the Soviet Union in the 1970s|from the Soviet Union]], but also from [[English speaking countries]] and [[Latin America]]), and its population increased from 4,000 in 1969 to 10,500 in 1974. During the first half of the 1990s, Arad absorbed 6,000 immigrants from the former Soviet Union.<ref name="mapa">{{cite book|publisher=Mapa Publishing|isbn=9657184347|pages=p. 434-435|others=El'azari, Yuval (ed.)|title=Mapa's concise gazetteer of Israel|location=[[Tel Aviv]], Israel|date=2005}} {{he icon}}</ref> The late Prime Minister, [[Yitzhak Rabin]], declared Arad a city on 29 June 1995.<ref name="muni2">{{cite web|url=http://www.arad.muni.il/2.html|title=Visitor's Card|publisher=Arad Municipality|accessdate=2008-10-14}} {{he icon}}</ref> |
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===Flag and emblem=== |
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Ali Baba and Morgiana are living in the lap of luxary in Damascus. Ali Baba starts to feel an attraction to her, but then one of the thieves in disguise locates Ali Baba. He tells Black Coda, and he prepares his men to sneak in and kill all that live in his estate. He enters the city as a merchant, while the thieves hide inside forty oil jars. He parks the car containing the concealed thieves outside Ali Baba's house. When Morgiana is told by a servant that the merchant did not pay to keep the cart at their doorstep, she knows something is up. She investigates and hears one of them breathing. She and Ali Baba tip the cart over. The thieves jars roll down the street, shattering and revaling them inside. Dazed from the rolling, the thieves can't get on their feet, so the city guards capture them. Black Coda watches as they're arrested, then hung. |
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The emblem of Arad is a [[Square (geometry)|square]] with a hill and a flame. The hill represents Mount Kidod, a hill in the northeastern part of the city, and the flame represents natural gas, which was extracted in the area in Arad's early days and spurred the city's growth. The emblem was adopted on 19 May 1966.<ref name="fotw">{{cite web|author=Gutterman, Dov|publisher=Flags of the World|title=Arad (Israel)|url=http://fotw.net/flags/il-arad.html|accessdate=2008-10-14}}</ref> |
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The flag of Arad is a [[State flag#Flag of a subnational state|state flag]] ({{FIAV|010000}}), a rectangle with a 2:3 ratio, which has a light blue background and shows the emblem in the center with the Hebrew text for "Municipality of Arad" at the top and the English text "City of ARAD Israel" (or variations thereof) and the bottom. This is the de facto flag, and there is no law or edict making it official.<ref name="fotw" /> |
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Ali Baba and Morgiana celebrate their victory by hosting a feast. They invite royalty and nobles. As she preforms an exotic dance for Ali Baba, she takes one gentlemen's sword and stabs him. Everyone is shocked, until she removes the man's false beard, revealing him to be Black Coda planning revenge there. Ali Baba then proclaims his love for Morgiana and marries her in an even larger celebration. They live happily ever after. |
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==Geography== |
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This is the first of Scheherazade’s cliff-hangers. Andy Serkis, who was to become famous for his portrayal of [[Gollum]] in ''[[Lord of the Rings]]'', has a minor role as Ali's ill-fated brother Kasim. |
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[[Image:Map of Arad.png|thumb|right|Full street map of Arad]] |
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[[Image:AradMap.png|thumb|right|Map showing the neighborhoods of Arad]] |
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[[Image:Arad Gevim.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Gevim neighborhood, as seen from the southeast]] |
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[[Image:Arad Rotem.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Rotem neighborhood, as seen from the east]] |
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[[Image:Arad Shaked.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Shaked neighborhood, as seen from the southwest]] |
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Arad is located mostly on the western and southwestern Kidod Range, and the Arad Plain,<ref name="eretz hanegev575">{{Cite book|title=Eretz HaNegev - Adam UMidbar|year=1978-79|publisher=[[Israeli Ministry of Defense|Ministry of Defense]]|location=[[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]]|pages=p. 575|editor=Shmueli, Avshalom|volume=Vol. 2}} {{he icon}}</ref> which marks the southwestern end of the [[Judean Desert]] in southern [[Israel]]. It is located {{convert|30|km|mi|1|sp=us}} west of the southern end of the [[Dead Sea]], and is by road, {{convert|45|km|mi|1|sp=us}} east of [[Beer Sheva]], {{convert|111|km|mi|1|sp=us}} south of [[Jerusalem]], and {{convert|138|km|mi|1|sp=us}} south east of [[Tel Aviv]]. The city is {{convert|219|km|mi|1|sp=us}} north of the southern-most city of [[Eilat]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.israel-travel-tips.com/en/132/Israel%20Travel/Driving%20Distances|title=Driving Distances|publisher=Israel Travel Tips|accessdate=2008-10-14}}</ref> |
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===BacBac the Hunchback=== |
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The next tale is about Firouz and Safil, the tailors that worked for Ali Baba and Morgiana at their wedding. The couple are being visited by and old friend, a hunchback ironically named BacBac ([[Alexei Sayle]]). He is one of the most beloved comedians in all of [[Constantinople]], proclaimed the sultan's favorite court jestor. They invite him to stay for dinner where he riots them with his hilarious jokes. But then mid-punchline, he drops dead, his face falling into his soup. Firouz and Safil think this is also a joke, until they see him not moving anymore. They inspect him and realize he choked on his food because he was laughing so hard. |
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The city spans an area of {{convert|93140|dunam|km2 sqmi|1|lk=on}},<ref name="profile" /> one of the largest municipal areas in Israel, even though its urban area is much smaller. In 1993, the city's jurisdiction was {{convert|73934.3|dunam|km2 sqmi|1}}, still many times larger than the urban area.<ref>{{cite book|title=Statistical Yearbook for the Negev, #1 1993|year=1994|month=April|publisher=Mi UMa Tikshoret Mekomit|editor=Esther Levinson|location=Beersheba, Israel|pages=p. 40}} {{he icon}}</ref> The historical site of Tel Arad and the Arad Park (also known as Ran Grove) can also be found within its municipal area, west of the urban core. Arad also has a commercial landing strip located slightly to the south of its urban core. The closest municipality to Arad is the [[Negev Bedouin|Bedouin]] local council [[Kuseife]]. |
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But now they fear that the sultan we be furious upon BacBac's death, blaming them and having them executed. To avoid that kind of punishment, they decide to ditch the corpse. They take BacBac's body to a foreign physician who has just made shop. Safil tries to leave the body but is interrupted by the physcian's wife. So Safil tells her that her friend needs medicial attention. Safil races away while the wife gets the doctor. He then mistakingly trips on the body sending them both falling down the stairs. When he gets up he inspects the body, and believes the fall killed him. Already worried that this wll ruin his medical practice, he and his wife are petrafied when they realize it is BacBac. |
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===Neighborhoods=== |
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Not wanting the sultan's wrath either, they take the body to the roofs and shove him down the first chimney they find. The body falls into the home of a large, chinese man. He thinks the body is a sneak thief, so he begins attacking him with kung fu chops. When the body falls over, he now believes it was his "deadly hands" that killed him. Once more, he finds out that the body is of BacBac's and once more he takes the body away so he is not blamed and punished. He stands it up in a doorway outside on the streets, but is found once again. A drunken english vagrant runs into it, and as it falls on him he believes he is being attacked. He calls the guards and punches the body, knocking it down on the street. the guards arrive, find the body to be BacBac, and arrest the drunk for his murder. |
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Each neighborhood in Arad contains streets named in a thematic manner, for example, a neighborhood where all streets are named after jewels. The exception to this are the four central quarters which have more conventional street names, and the original two neighborhoods (Rishonim and Ne'urim). The themed neighborhoods make up the entire city north of [[Highway 31 (Israel)|Highway 31]]. South of the highway is Arad's industrial zone (the northern area being the light industry zone). The neighborhoods are as follows: |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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At the trial, the judge deems him a terrible murder, for taking away the joy that poor BacBac brought to many lives. Firouz, Safil, the doctor and his wife and the chinese man watch in the crowd and the english man is about to be punished for their supposud crimes. Before the judge can pass sentance, they take the stand and tell him the truth. But then they fight amongst each other, claming they killed BacBac. The sultan then arrives to investigate the matter. Everyone tells their side of the story, and the sultan laughs. He proclaims that the whole escapade was BacBac's last and best joke told. Everyone realizes the irony and begins laughing. All is well and they live happily ever after. |
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!Name!!Meaning!!Theme |
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|Avishur |
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|[[Abishur]] |
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|Tlalim |
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|[[Dew]] (plural) |
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|Leva'ot |
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|[[Lion]]esses |
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|Ye'elim |
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|[[Ibex]]es |
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|Gevim |
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|[[Cistern]]s |
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|[[Fluvial]] bodies |
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|Halamish |
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|[[Flint]] |
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|Fruits |
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|Yehoshafat (under construction) |
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|[[Jehoshaphat]] |
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|Kings of Israel and Judea |
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|- |
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|Rishonim |
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|Originals |
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|Ne'urim |
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|Youth |
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|Renanim (under construction) |
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|Joys |
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|Music |
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|Ayanot |
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|[[Spring (hydrosphere)|Springs]] |
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|Springs |
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|Ma'of |
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|Flight |
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|Birds |
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|Hatzavim |
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|[[Scilla|Squills]] |
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|Military |
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|Harduf |
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|[[Oleander]] |
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|Heights (figurative) |
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|Shaked |
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|[[Almond]] |
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|Plants |
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|- |
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|Rotem |
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|[[broom (shrub)|Broom]] |
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|Jewels |
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|} |
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===Geology and topography=== |
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[[Image:Kidod Stream.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Kidod Stream (Wadi Kadada)]] |
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This story tells the classic tale of [[Aladdin]] ([[Jason Scott Lee]]), a [[China|Chinese]] thief who is down on his luck. While fleeing authorites after pickpocketing a man, he wanders into the path of royalty. Men carry a golden covered box, containing Princess Zubaidah ([[Vanessa-Mae]]). For him it is love at first sight, until he is chased off by the authorities and the royal guards. She watches and smiles as he escapes ontot he roofs with acrobatic skills. |
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[[Image:Praim Stream.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Pra'im Stream]] |
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The western part of Arad is made up of [[Loess]] land, while the eastern part is made up of [[sedimentary rock]], including [[chalk]], [[flint]] and [[dolomite]].<ref name="eretz hanegev573" /> |
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He returns home to his beloved mother, who tutors him in the skills of a thief, so he may support her. But then they are greeted by a mysterious traveler named Mustappa ([[Hugh Quarshie]]). He tells Aladdin he is a friend of his father, and is willing to pay him much money to do him a task. He agrees, even though realizing that the man was lying about knowing his father. Mustappa leads Aladdin to the outskirts of the kingdom, to the edge of a raging river. He puts a ring on his finger, twists it, then has it's magic open a hole into a cavern called the Cave of Wonders. He tells Aladdin to fetch him a lamp hidden deep inside the cave. |
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Arad's elevation ranges between approximately {{convert|361.5|and|631.1|m|0|ft|m}} above sea level,<ref name="profile" /> a notable peak being Mount Kidod ({{convert|600|m|0|ft|m|disp=/|abbr=on}}), located at the northeastern point of the city and named after Ras al-Kadadeh, the Arabic name for the hill.<ref name="ariel" /><ref name="mapa">{{cite book|title=Mapa Lexicon|publisher=[[Mapa]]|year=2003|pages=p. 434|location=[[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]]|isbn=965-7184-34-7}} {{he icon}}</ref> Other peaks within the municipal borders include Mount Kina ({{convert|635|m|0|ft|m|disp=/|abbr=on}}) and Mount Brir ({{convert|537|m|0|ft|m|disp=/|abbr=on}}). |
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Aladdin ventures down a narrow flight of stairs, then through a maze built around the [[Terracotta Army]]. He reaches the farthest end and finds the lamp, as he tries to leave, he tips one soldier over, sending the others falling like dominoes. He races to beat the collapsing chain of soldiers, but as he makes his way up the stairs, they begin to disappear back into one column, he reaches the top where he asks Mustappa to help him out. He asks for the lamp first, but Aladdin knows this is a trick. So Mustappa leaves him down there to rot, closing the door above. The column for which he stands on begins to descend down into the cave. So Aladdin tries using the power of the Ring, unintenionaly summoning the Genie of the Ring ([[John Leguizamo]]). The nervous and low-self essteemed genie helps Aladdin out of the cave, but begs not to summon him again. |
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There are several [[wadi]]s that pass through Arad, notably the Ye'elim Stream (which runs along Highway 31) and Tze'elim Stream. Others include the Hesed, Keisan, Kidod, Kina, Malhata, Pra'im, Tavya, and other streams.<ref name="topo map">{{Cite map|title=Topographic Maps and Hiking Routes|publisher=Amud Anan|url=http://amudanan.co.il/?lon=35.2137&lat=31.2602|accessdate=2008-03-15}} {{he icon}}</ref> They are completely dried-up all year round. |
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Back home with his mother, then wonder why Mustappa would go to all this trouble to steal a worthless old oil lamp. She believes it may be in fact a priceless antique, so Aladdin rubs it to clean it off. Rubbing it then ignites the magic, sending smoke shooting out the tip. The lamp goes flying around the room, and as Aladdin and his mother escape the house, the smoke shoots out the roof. From the house rises the tall and powerful [[Genie]] of the Lamp ((Also [[John Leguizamo]]). The allmighty and sarcastic genie proclaims he grants his master any wish. Aladdin first tries to get the princess to love him, but is told that genies cannot control ture love. His mother then scoulds him, then asks the genie to give them lots of money. He has their fire place churn out hundreds of gold pieces. |
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===Climate=== |
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Aladdin's mother quickly uses their fortune to make themselves look like royalty, buying servants and fancy clothing, even building a incredible palace. Aladdin uses this to asks Zubaidah's father to allow him to marry her. But he states that she is already betrother to another prince, one that will untie the lands of their neighboring kingdom. They two are wed, but Aladdin has the genie help him stop the consumating of it. He fears she will love the other prince after it beacuase as the genie puts it "He is an acrobat in the sexual arena". That night he and the genie create a giant vaccum that sucks the prince into the bathroom and away from the princess. He is trapped in the toilet with finkly matter all over, when he is released, the angered king has the marriage annulled. |
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Between 1964 and 1974, Arad's average temperature in January was {{convert|11|°C|°F|sigfig=2}}, and {{convert|27|°C|°F|sigfig=2}} in July. The average yearly precipitation between 1960 and 1990 was {{convert|150|mm|1|in|m}},<ref name="profile" /> and {{convert|158|mm|1|in|m}} between 1962 and 1978.<ref name="eretz hanegev573">{{Cite book|title=Eretz HaNegev - Adam UMidbar|year=1978-79|publisher=[[Israeli Ministry of Defense|Ministry of Defense]]|location=[[Tel Aviv]], Israel|pages=p. 573|editor=Shmueli, Avshalom|volume=Vol. 2}} {{he icon}}</ref> Arad is thus situated in an arid area, where most precipitation falls in the winter months of December, January and February. It does however, on rare occasions snows. Two examples are the massive snowstorm during the 1991–92 winter that swept through entire mountainous of the Negev and January's snowstorm of 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/Flash.aspx/140680|title=Blizzard of 2008 Update|work=Israel National News|accessdate=2008-03-20|date=2008-01-30}}</ref><ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.newspaperarchive.com/LandingPage.aspx?type=nlp&search=1991%20snow%20negev&img=\\na0033\6769623\25690341.html|title=Daily Herald - Rare Snowstorm paralyzes cities throughout Mideast|accessdate=2008-03-20|date=1992-01-03|work=Daily Herald}}</ref> |
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==Demographics== |
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Aladdin then proposes to the princess, they wed, consumate and plan to live happily ever after in his palace. But Mustappa finds out Aladdin is alive and escaped from the cave with "his" lamp. So he enters the village and claims to trade new shiny lamps for old ones. A servant in Aladdin's palace hears and trades the magic lamp. The genie under Mustappa's order now makes the palace vanish while Aladdin and Zubaidah were sleeping, then reveals the truth about Aladdin to the princess. He then turns Aladdin's mother into a noisy chicken. Aladdin fights back and summons the Genie of the Ring. The Lamp and Ring Genie are distant cousins, but hate each other with avengence. So Mustappa has the two fight to the death with their magic. Each transforms into one beast after another, until the Ring Genie is trapped in a giant moustrap. |
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[[Image:Arad demographics.png|thumb|right|Distribution of population by age]] |
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According to the [[Israel Central Bureau of Statistics]], of Arad's 23,300 2005 population, 82% were Jews, and another 17.2% were other non-Arabs. 11,100 (~47.6%) were men and 12,200 were women. 42.9% (the second highest in the country) were immigrants since 1990.<ref name="profile" /> Arad's population peaked in 2002 at 24,500.<ref name="cbs 2002 pop">{{cite web|url=http://www1.cbs.gov.il/shnaton55/st02_14.pdf|title=Population and Density per Km² in Localities Numbering Above 5,000 Residents|year=2003|accessdate=2008-03-15|publisher=[[Israel Central Bureau of Statistics]]|work=55th Statistical Yearbook}}</ref> Since then, it has been undergoing a steady decline, with a 23,300 low in 2006. However, CBS estimates that the population has risen to 23,400 in 2007.<ref name="cbs populations" /> |
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In 2004, Arad had 9,797 (~41.7%) salaried workers and 462 (~2%) self-employed. 10,511 were receiving children's benefits, 292 were receiving unemployment benefits, and 2,855 were receiving income guarantee. The average monthly income was [[New Israeli Sheqel|NIS]] 5,165, with salaried employees earning an average of [[New Israeli Sheqel|NIS]] 5,549 ([[New Israeli Sheqel|NIS]] 7,344 for men and 3,818 [[New Israeli Sheqel|NIS]] for women).<ref name="profile">{{cite web|url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/local_authorities2005/pdf/234_2560.pdf|title=Local Authorities in Israel 2005, Publication #1295 - Municipality Profiles - Arad|publisher=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics|accessdate=2007-11-25|format=PDF}} {{he icon}}</ref> |
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Aladdin loses, but now truely has the princesse's love. So he uses his skills to swipe the lamp away from Mustappa. He then sends him away to a far off land. He returns his mother and his palace, then allows the freedom of both Genies. The Ring takes up the offer, while the always contradictory Lamp Genie stays. Aladdin, Zubaidah and Aladdin's mother live happily ever after. |
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The [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]]'s City of Training Bases, which is located near [[Beersheba]] and under construction, hopes to bring thousands of soldiers (mostly officers, senior NCOs and other staff) to live in the Negev, including Arad. Orli Yehezkel, the CEO of the ministry, told in her visit to Arad that [[New Israeli Shekel|NIS]] 4.5 million will be invested in Arad, including a subsidy of [[New Israeli Sheqel|NIS]] 1,000 per family per month for two years for families of soldiers wishing to move to Arad.<ref>{{cite news|title=Arad Will Be a Focused City|publisher=HaTzvi Arad|work=439th Edition|url=http://www.aradnik.co.il/30428/ערד-תהיה-עיר-ממוקדת---14-2-גליון-439|accessdate=2008-02-16|date=2008-02-14|author=Bar Sadeh, Eliezer}} {{he icon}}</ref> |
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==Economy== |
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This story is notable for the fact that most of the lead actors are from Asian backgrounds, and for John Leguizamo's memorable dual portrayals of The Genie of the Lamp and The Genie of the Ring. Vanessa-Mae, who is best known as a [[violinist]], plays the princess in this story. [[Bert Kwouk]], who plays the princess's father, Caliph Beder, will be familiar to fans of the [[Inspector Clouseau]] films, in which he played Kato, Clouseau's karate-expert servant. |
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[[Image:Arad Mall outside.jpg|Arad Mall|thumb]] |
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[[Image:Arad Market.jpg|Arad Market, on a closed day|thumb]] |
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[[Image:Mitzpe Moav.jpg|right|thumb|Yigal Tumarkin's monument]] |
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Other than tourist venues, Arad's commerce is mostly concentrated in the central commerce area, as envisioned in the original plan. There is one shopping mall in the city, the Arad Mall, in the northern block of the commerce sector.<ref name="tourist map h3">{{Cite map|title=Tourist Map of Arad|url=http://www.arad.muni.il/fileadmin/images/mapa_tour.jpg|publisher=Arad Municipality|section=''He''3|accessdate=2008-03-15}}</ref> In addition to the main area, there are small shop clustern in most neighborhoods in the city, notably a building called The Star (''HaKokhav'') in the Tlalim quarter. A lone supermarket outside the center, Mega in the City, is located in the industrial zone, near the entrance to the city, and a major shopping complex is planned near it by a real estate company called Zim Centers. Another important commercial center in Arad is the Arad Market, open only on Mondays, located in the light industry zone.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.aradnik.co.il/30428/חברת-הנדל-ן-צים-מתכוונת-להקים-בערד-מתחם-ענק-לקניות-ובילוי---23-7-גליון-462|title=Real Estate Company Zim Plans to Construct Giant Shopping and Entertainment Center in Arad|author=Bar Sadeh, Eliezer|date=2008-07-23|accessdate=2008-08-01|work=462nd Edition|publisher=HaTzvi Arad}} {{he icon}}</ref> |
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===Amin the Beggar=== |
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This story follows Amin, played by Dougray Scott, a lonely begger from [[Cairo]]. He becomes a part of a twisted prank by the ruthless Sultan [[Harun al-Rashid]], played by James Frain. To indulge in his sick sense of humor, he decides to play th ultimate joke. He kidnaps the begger at night, and when he awakes he is in al-Rashid's palace. |
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Among the companies with manufacturing plants in Arad are Arad Textile Industries, one of Israel's largest producers of [[towel]]s, [[Motorola]] Israel, A.M.S. Electronics who manufacture [[printed circuit board]]s and electronic products, El-Ran Timber Industries, Jordael who manufacture cosmetic products, and a Unilever Shefa Israel cereal plant. Since 1971, Arad has been producing [[phosphoric acid]], made from [[brine]] collected from the Dead Sea, and phosphates from the nearby [[Tzefa]].<ref name="new israel guide">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Arad|encyclopedia=The New Israel Guide|year=2001|volume=Volume 14|editor=Ben Yosef, Safi (general); Menahem Marcus (volume)|publisher=Keter Publishing House|location=Jerusalem, Israel|id=ISBN 965-07-0902-9|pages=pp. 196-197}}</ref> Rotem Amfert Negev Ltd, a subsidiary of Israel Chemicals Ltd (ICL), has been planning a new phosphate plant in the Sdeh Brir area for several years. In 2008, the [[Ministry of the Environment (Israel)|Ministry of the Environment]] decided not to contest the company's bid, despite studies showing it may increase air pollution-related deaths in the area.<ref name="bendavid">{{cite news|last=Ben-David|first=Amir|title=Environmental Ministry supports building polluting factory near Arad|publisher=[[Ynetnews]]|accessdate=2008-07-28|date=2008-04-30|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3537307,00.html}}</ref> |
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He asks for the royal servants, who claim he is the Sultan. The real sultan watches the events unfold from secret chambers behind the palace walls. He has the entire palace make the begger believe he is the true sultan, tending to his every whim. The begger thinks he has lost his mind, but the perks of being royalty soon bring him pleasure. He takes a liking and decides to be the greatest sultan. |
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===Tourism=== |
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During a meeting with offcials, he decides to make some drastic changes. Amin intends to cut taxes on lower classes, and cut the frivelous pleasures indulged by them at the palace. He intends to save hundreds of money within weeks and grow a massive economic system, and create more to help the people. Although shocked at the idea, the officials see the jus and brillance in it. They also note that Amin has gotten more done as sultan than the real al-Rashid has in years. Overhearing this, Harun becomes angered and stops laughing at his cruel joke. |
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Other than the annual music festival, Arad has two main tourist venues - its clean air, which brings asthmatics from all over the world to the city, and its proximity to the [[Dead Sea]], which allows tourists to pay much less for accommodation as well as having municipal services nearby, and still be able to easily reach the sea.<ref name="new israel guide" /> To that end, there are three hotels in the city - Inbar, Yefe Nof Arad and Margoa Arad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tripadvisor.com/Hotels-g297737-Arad-Hotels.html|title=Arad Hotels|publisher=Tripadvisor.com|accessdate=2008-03-16}}</ref> However, Arad's municipality is trying to encourage other tourist venues, such as hiking and ecological tourism. Additionally, travellers to [[Masada]] may also prefer to stay in Arad, which is the closest ({{convert|22|km|mi|1|sp=us|disp=/|abbr=on}} by road) urban settlement to this popular site, and the only way to reach its western side.<ref name="mapa 42 v23">{{cite map|title=Gold Atlas|publisher=[[Mapa]]|edition=2007|scale=1:100,000|page=42|section=''Vav''23|isbn=965-521-057-7}}</ref> On the outskirts of Arad, near the hotel area, there is a large white monument conceived by [[Yigal Tumarkin]] in 1968, called ''Mitzpe Mo'av'' (Mo'av Lookout), which also offers a view of the [[Judean Desert]].<ref name="muni 139">{{cite web|url=http://www.arad.muni.il/139.html|title=Hiking Trails|publisher=Arad Municipality|accessdate=2008-10-14}} {{he icon}}</ref> |
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The [[Israel National Trail]] passes through Arad, between Mount Kina and [[Tel Arad]], a major archeological dig and tourist attraction. Although not located within Arad's jurisdiction, the Zohar Peak ({{convert|552|m|ft|0|disp=/|abbr=on}}) and Zohar Lookout (''Mitzpe Zohar'') are common hiking and biking destinations on the national trail. The trails codenamed 11335 and 11240 run along the national trail in this area.<ref>[http://www.arad.muni.il/index.php?eID=tx_cms_showpic&file=uploads%2Fpics%2F11240.jpg&width=800m&height=600m&bodyTag=%3CBODY%20style%3D%22margin%3A%200%3B%20background%3A%20%23000000%3B%22%3E&title=Page%20Popup%20%23default%28Image%29&wrap=%3Ca%20href%3D%22javascript%3Aclose%28%29%3B%22%3E%20%7C%20%3C%2Fa%3E&md5=8da98c2903e95b77fe22de621b00ad2e 11240 Trail Map] (image). Retrieved on 2008-10-14.</ref> |
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Harun decides the fun is over and plans to end it. Putting a sleeping powder in Amin's drink, he throws him back into the streets as a begger. When he awakes he is traumitized and having been a powerful sultan, then lose it within a day. He pleads to ongoers that he is al-Rashid, beckoning men to put him in an insane asylum. The experience of this and becoming a lonely begger again drives Amin into insantiy. The real sultan watches with joy as the begger suffers. He eventually confronts him about the events in disguise. After leaving he decides the joke was so fun, he'll try it again. |
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In accordance with the 7 March 2007 decision taken by the [[Ministry for the Development of the Negev and Galilee]] to move the national archive of Israel from Jerusalem to Arad, a museum is planned, which will display various gifts given to Israeli politicians over the years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/834401.html|title=State to move archives to Arad as part of Negev development plan|accessdate=2007-11-30|date=2007-03-07|author=Grinberg, Mijal|publication=[[Haaretz]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=National Archive Moves to Arad|url=http://www.arad.muni.il/116.html?&cHash=ece90070be&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=138&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=17|accessdate=2007-11-30|date=2007-03-11}} {{he icon}}</ref> |
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He has Amin freed, then knocked unconcious. Amin once again wakes up in the sultan's throne room. All that has happened to him drves him even more insane, not knowing what is real and what isn't. The officials try to calm him, but it is no good. Just then he hears the manical snickering of al-Rashid from in one of the secret chambers. He races over and crazily draws his sword and stabs Harun. He falls out and drops dead on the floor. The officials fear that with the real sultan's death, and no heirs or family, the rest of the officials will fight to control the throne. So to make up, they claim that Amin was chosen to take his place, while continuing to tell Amin that he is Harun al-Rashid. |
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<center> |
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They approach him, telling him that the recent events have been delusion he has been suffering because of an illness. Amin believs them, then asks who the dead man is. The officials tell him that is was the court jestor, and his last joke was a "killer". The moral of the story, never tell the same joke twice. |
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<gallery> |
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Image:Inbar Arad.jpg|Inbar Hotel |
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Image:Margoa Arad.jpg|Margoa Arad Hotel |
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Image:Yefe Nof Arad.jpg|Yefe Nof Arad Hotel |
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Image:Mitzpe Moav plaque.jpg|Explanatory plaque at Mitzpe Mo'av |
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</gallery> |
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</center> |
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== |
==Culture and recreation== |
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===Culture and entertainment=== |
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This, the last story told by Scheherazade. It tells about the rulers of [[Yemen]], the king and his three prince sons. Prince Ali ([[Alexis Conran]]), Prince Ahmed ([[James Callis]]), and Prince Hussain ([[Hari Dhillon]]). The three are each gifted and fight each other over the smallest of matters, destroying most of the palace in the process. But one day, their mother tells them to follow her, as their father is ill. Knowing that is he dies, the always scuabbling brothers will fight to control his kingdom. So he sends them on a quest, each must go and return with what they believe is the most precious thing in the world. They have one year to each go to the ends of the earth and retrieve their artifact. |
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[[Image:Oron Theater.jpg|The Oron Theater|thumb]] |
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Arad's main cultural center is the Center for Culture, Youth and Sports ({{lang-he|מתנ"ס}} ''Matnas''), named after [[Samuel Rubin]] and located on Ben Yair Street near the city's only mall, the Arad Mall.<ref name="tourist map h3" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.matnachim.co.il/Show_IndexMatnasim_Item.asp?MatnasID=195|title=Matnas Index|accessdate=2008-03-15}} {{he icon}}</ref> It was built in 1983<ref>{{Cite web|title=About the Library - Some History|publisher=Arad Municipality|url=http://www.arad.muni.il/245.html|accessdate=2008-02-16}}</ref> and contains the Arad Museum, Arad's public library, a concert hall, a tourist information center about the Judean and Negev deserts (called Arad Visitor Center, founded in 1989), and various related offices.<ref name="lexicon hareuveni" /> |
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The Oron Theater (formerly also a cinema), planned by the architect [[Menachem Cohen]], is another important culture and entertainment venue in the city although the city's main cinema, formerly located in the mall, was closed down during the tenure of mayor Moty Brill, due to lack of demand. The city also has an artists quarter, Eshet Lot, which is a section of Arad's industrial center on the road leading to the Dead Sea, mostly being in old hangars no longer used for industry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.megalim.co.il/inner.asp?category_code=6&object_id=8008|title=Go Out Into the Desert|date=2005-07-25|author=Sa'ar, Dana|accessdate=2008-04-10}} {{he icon}}</ref> The city also has a [[music school|conservatory]] and concert hall.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/AgafA/Music/ConservatorionimVebateySefer/hide/ConservatoriumArad.htm|title=Arad City Conservatory|accessdate=2008-04-10}} {{he icon}}</ref> |
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So each of the brothers sets off across the horizon to find what they believe is the most precious thing in the world. Hussain heads north and learns of a powerful telescope. The owner tells him that he needs only to speak the name of the location, and the telescope shows it to him. The magical artifact works indeed, but the owner refuses to sell it to him. He claims that another noble has agreed to pay a huge sum for it. So Hussain confronts the noble in his cavern throneroom. The noble tells him that if he can defeat his five greatest warriors, he will give him the telescope. Hussain is gifted with powerful strength so it is no contest, he kills every warrior. But the noble uses magic to revive them in a lava pit, ala the phoneix. So every time Hussain kills them, they revive in the lava and continue fighting him. Hussain decides this is cheating and impales the noble, thus stopping th magic and killing the endless warriors to stay dead. Hussain takes his prize and rides back to Yemen. |
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Arad has been widely known for its Hebrew Music Festival, held annually around summertime since 1982. The festival was a great opportunity for new artists to become known, but also attracted Israel's best musicians and bands as it grew. On 18 July 1995, three teenagers were crushed to death by a falling gate, which was torn down by the pressure of a large crowd whilst trying to watch the farewell concert held by the then popular band [[Mashina]]. Since then the festival has become a minor event. Due to this catastrophe, five of the festival's organizers received prison sentences of up to one year.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nrg.co.il/online/archive/ART/227/757.html|title=Got Away Easily|date=2001-12-26|accessdate=2007-11-27|publisher=[[NRG (Maariv)|NRG Maariv]]|author=Kaplan, Reuven}} {{he icon}}</ref> |
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Ahmed travels east, to a mountain monestary full of monks. There he is told they possess a mystic apple, which when eaten can heal any wound or illness. The monks won't give it to him as a gift, so they challenge him as well. If he can shoot the very apple off the head of a young monk, the apple is his. Ahmed is gifted with excellant accuracy, but is weary that he might hit and kill the boy. But he proceeds and readies to fire his arrow, but stops before he can shoot. He tells the monk that even though is skilled with a bow, he refuse to endanger the life of the monk. The other monks tell him that learning that was the test. He was compassionate enough to know when not to fight. So he is given the apple and allowed to return to Yemen. |
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<center> |
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The last brother, Ali, travels West to a market being held underground in the ruins of [[Petra]]. The market is where hundreds of valuables are sold everyday. He wanders the market looking for what he believes is the most precious thing in the world. He finally comes along such an item a magical [[flying carpet]]. The carpet owner allows him to by the rare antique. But when Ali tries to leave, he is provented from leaving by the carpet owner and a couple of his goons. They proclaim hat they only sold it to him to see how much money he has, knwo they will simply kill him and take his money and the flying carpet back. But Ali outsmarts them and escapes, getting away long enough to awaken the magic carpet. He then flies through the market, racing his way past the goons and finally out of the ruins. He happily flies across the desert, headin home to Yemen. |
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<gallery> |
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Image:Arad_library.jpg|Public library |
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Image:Arad_matnas.jpg|Culture, youth and sports center |
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Image:Arad_Visitor_Center.jpg|Arad Visitor Center |
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</gallery> |
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</center> |
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===Parks, recreation and sports=== |
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The culminated journies of the brothers take up the given year, and all three meet again at a watering hole. They pledged to meet again at this location to discuss their adventures and what they found before returning to father. Ali was there first because of the flying carpet. While showing off the magic artifacts, Hussain uses his telescope to view father. but he discovers father is even worse than when they left, on the verge of death. So the three decide to join together and race bac to Yemen to save their father. Ali's carpet gets them their in time, while Ahme'd apple heals father. This shows the brotehrs that they have aquired the most precious thing in the world brotherhood, teamwork and kinship. |
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[[Image:Gan HaHamisha.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Stone structure in Gan HaHamisha, marking Arad's place in the desert, according to Bedouin tradition]] |
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The main public park and picnic area in Arad is the Arad Park, also called the Ran Grove (after Ran Schochat, who was KIA in the [[Yom Kippur War]]<ref name="aradnik-memorials">{{cite web|url=http://aradnik.co.il/30428/הנצחת_הבנים_הנופלים_בערד_194|title=Remembering the Fallen Sons of Arad|publisher=HaTzvi Arad|accessdate=2008-10-14}} {{he icon}}</ref>), which is located about {{convert|8|km|mi|1|sp=us}} west of the city center and measures {{convert|3000|dunam|km2 sqmi}}.<ref name="mapa" /> Other notable parks include: |
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*''Gan HaPsalim'' (a.k.a. ''Park HaNsharim''), the park at the entrance to the city, with monuments of various desert animals<ref name="tourist map ch4">{{Cite map|title=Tourist Map of Arad|url=http://www.arad.muni.il/fileadmin/images/mapa_tour.jpg|publisher=Arad Municipality|section=''Het''4|accessdate=2008-03-15}}</ref> |
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*''Gan HaHamisha'' (Garden of the Five) - a memorial park for the five residents of Arad who were [[killed in action]] in the [[Six-Day War]].<ref name="aradnik-memorials" /> Includes a monument for the soldiers, as well as a stone structure called ''Amud HaBulbusim'' (''lit.'' Pillar of the Potatoes, because of its shape), which marks Arad's place in the desert and their residents' control of the territory according to Bedouin tradition - designed by [[Yona Pitelson]]. |
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*Northern Park, to the north of the Halamish neighborhood<ref name="tourist map v2">{{cite map|title=Tourist Map of Arad|url=http://www.arad.muni.il/fileadmin/images/mapa_tour.jpg|publisher=Arad Municipality|section=''Vav''4|accessdate=2008-03-15}}</ref> |
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*''Gan Harpatka'ot'' (Adventure Park) - a large playground and open grass area in the Rishonim neighborhood<ref name="tourist map h4">{{Cite map|title=Tourist Map of Arad|url=http://www.arad.muni.il/fileadmin/images/mapa_tour.jpg|publisher=Arad Municipality|section=''He''4|accessdate=2008-03-15}}</ref> |
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The main cluster of recreational facilities in the city is located in a small neighborhood known as Ayanot, also called the Sports Town (''Kiryat HaSport''). The area contains a swimming pool, tennis courts, a [[country club]] and various playgrounds.<ref name="mapa 362 d3">{{Cite map|title=Gold Atlas|publisher=[[Mapa]]|edition=2007|scale=1:13,500|page=362|section=''Dalet''3|isbn=965-521-057-7}}</ref> The city's main [[association football|football]] stadium is located outside of this cluster, on the corner of Yehuda and Palmach Streets. The stadium is home to Hapoel Arad, who currently play in [[Liga Alef]], the fourth tier of [[Football in Israel|Israeli football]], with occasional relegations to [[Liga Bet]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.one.co.il/c.aspx?target=%2Fsitectr2%2Easp%3FCategoryID%3D1%26TableID%3D731%26TeamID%3D0%26PlayerID%3D0%26Season%5FID%3D07%2D08%26nocache%3D1|title=Liga Bet, South B|publisher=ONE.com|year=2008|month=July|accessdate=2008-10-14}} {{he icon}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.aradnik.co.il/30428/ספורט-28-5-גליון-454|title=Liga Alef!|publisher=HaTzvi Arad|work=454th Edition|date=2008-05-28|accessdate=2008-06-03}} {{he icon}}</ref> |
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==Cast== |
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* '''Scheherazade''' ([[Mili Avital]]) |
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* '''Sultan Shahryar/Amin''' ([[Dougray Scott]]) |
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* '''Storyteller''' ([[Alan Bates]]) |
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* '''Schahzenan/Harun al-Rashid''' ([[James Frain]]) |
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* '''Aladdin''' ([[Jason Scott Lee]]) |
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* '''Genie of the Lamp/Genie of the Ring''' ([[John Leguizamo]]) |
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* '''Princess Zubaïda''' ([[Vanessa-Mae]]) |
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* '''Mustappa''' ([[Hugh Quarshie]]) |
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* '''Ja'Far''' ([[Jim Carter]]) |
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* '''Morgiana''' ([[Amira Casar]]) |
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* '''Ali Baba''' ([[Rufus Sewell]]) |
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* '''Black Coda''' ([[Tchéky Karyo]]) |
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* '''Kasim''' ([[Andy Serkis]]) |
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* '''Prince Ali''' ([[Alexis Conran]]) |
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* '''Prince Ahmed''' ([[James Callis]]) |
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* '''Prince Hussain''' ([[Hari Dhillon]]) |
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* '''BacBac''' ([[Alexei Sayle]]) |
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Arad has also hosted a [[mountain biking]] tournament annually since 2000, called Riding Arad, in honor of Itamar Ilya, a soldier [[killed in action]] in [[Lebanon]] in 1997. In March 2008, the tournament became part of an international [[Union Cycliste Internationale]] competition, which is co-hosted by [[Misgav]] and [[Ma'alot-Tarshiha|Ma'alot]]. Arad's professional course is {{convert|37|km|mi|1|sp=us}} long, whilst the expert course is {{convert|22.5|km|mi|1|sp=us}}.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.aradnik.co.il/30428/מרוץ-אופני-הרים-בינלאומי-בערד----13-3-גליון-443|title=International Biking Race in Arad|date=2008-03-13|accessdate=2008-03-13|publisher=HaTzvi Arad|work=443rd Edition}} {{he icon}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shvoong.co.il/secondLevel/detailes.asp?event_id=2484|title=Riding Arad 2008 - Details|accessdate=2008-10-14}} {{he icon}}</ref> |
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==References to Persian and Islamic Culture== |
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The miniseries is notable for making many references to [[Muslim culture|Islamic culture]] and [[Muslim history|history]]. For example, during the Aladdin story-within-the-story, when Aladdin asks the Genie of the Ring who he is, the Genie jokingly says that he is [[Omar Khayyám|Omar Khayyam]]. Other examples are when the Genie says Shukur [[Alhamdulillah]] when he blows gold out of their furnace. |
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<center> |
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==Awards== |
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<gallery> |
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The miniseries won an [[Artios award]] for [[Best Casting]] and an [[Emmy award]] for [[Outstanding Makeup]]. |
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Image:Arad stadium.jpg|Arad's football stadium |
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Image:Arad tennis courts.jpg|Tennis courts in Arad's recreation area |
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Image:Arad duckling.jpg|Gan Avishur, a playground near the Avishur school. The duck, a minor landmark, has been dismantled. |
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Image:Arad chess.jpg|3rd Junior Chess Tournamest, hosted by the Arad Mall |
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</gallery> |
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</center> |
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==Services== |
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[[Image:Schaller.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Schaller Medical Centre]] |
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[[Image:Arad Police.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Arad's police station]] |
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[[Image:Ofarim School.jpg|thumb|right|Ofarim building of the Ye'elim-Ofarim elementary school]] |
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===Healthcare=== |
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Arad does not have a hospital, but there are numerous medical clinics, including ''[[Clalit]]'', ''[[Leumit Health Fund|Leumit]]'' and ''[[Maccabi Sherutei Briut|Maccabi]]''. Emergencies are handled by the single [[Magen David Adom]] station, located in the municipal compound. |
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A medical center was also built in the compoud in 2004, named Schaller Medical Centre after Leon and Freda Schaller from London, who were the prime donors. It serves as an emergency ward, but does not have the equipment needed to perform operations, and such patients are transferred to the [[Soroka Medical Center]]. On average, 10% of the patients are transferred.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.aradnik.co.il/site/detail/detail/detailDetail.asp?detail_id=783748&seaWordPage=%22%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A8%22|title=Advanced X-Ray Acquired for Frontal Emergency Ward|publisher=HaTzvi Arad|work=441st Edition|date=2008-02-28|accessdate=2008-03-18|author=Riskin, Anat}} {{he icon}}</ref> |
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===Law enforcement=== |
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Arad is served by a local [[Israel Police]] station, located next to the municipal compound and the Magen David Adom station. It is commanded by [[Superintendent (police)|Superintendent]] Yuval Paz<ref name="aradnik police2">{{cite news|url=http://www.aradnik.co.il/30428/למפקד-המשטרה-יש-חזון-26-9-08-גליון471|date=2008-09-26|accessdate=2008-10-04|title=The Police Chief has a Vision|publisher=HaTzvi Arad|work=471st Edition|author=Riskin, Anat}} {{he icon}}</ref> and has 58 members.<ref name="aradnik police">{{cite news|url=http://www.aradnik.co.il/30428/תעודת-הצטיינות-למשטרת-ערד---13-3-גליון-443|date=2008-03-13|accessdate=2008-03-13|title=Award for Excellence to Arad Police|publisher=HaTzvi Arad|work=443rd Edition|author=Riskin, Anat}} {{he icon}}</ref> Arad's station also serves the [[Sodom and Gomorrah#Modern Sodom|Sodom]] area.<ref name="muni crime" /> |
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Arad's police force was chosen as the exceptional force for 2007, and awarded an award of excellence on 5 March 2008. Among others, a severe reduction in [[property crime]] was cited. Arad's force was able to reduce the amount of such crimes from 1,092 in 2003 to just 168 in 2007.<ref name="aradnik police" /><ref name="muni crime">{{cite web|url=http://www.arad.muni.il/249.html|publisher=Arad Municipality|title=Property Crime in Arad Station's Jurisdition, Including Sodom, over the Years|accessdate=2008-10-14}} {{he icon}}</ref> On 18 July 2008, Arad police, in a rare incident, shot dead a man threatening to kill his ex-wife with a knife.<ref name="ynet-crime">{{Cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3570084,00.html|title=Knife-Wielding Man Killed by Police After Threatening Ex-Wife|publisher=[[Ynetnews]]|date=2008-07-18|author=Atlas, Yonat|accessdate=2008-07-18}}</ref> |
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===Education and religion=== |
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Arad has a public elementary school in every central neighborhood (Halamish, Tlalim, Avishur, Leva'ot and Ye'elim (called Ye'elim-Ofarim)), whilst Tlalim is a religious school.<ref name="elementary schools">{{cite web|url=http://www.aradnik.co.il/30428/בתי_הספר_היסודיים_בערד|title=Elementary schools in Arad|publisher=HaTzvi Arad|accessdate=2008-02-16}} {{he icon}}</ref> There is one public middle school, Re'ut, located near the junction of the Yoshiyahu and HaKana'im streets. The second middle school, Allon, was closed in 2007 and merged into [[World ORT|ORT]] Arad, the city's only public secondary school, which shares a building with the Re'ut middle school and the former [[Yigal Allon]] school.<ref name="hatzvi 2007 summary">{{cite news|title=2007 Summary|publisher=HaTzvi Arad|work=432nd Edition|url=http://www.livecity.co.il/image/users/30428/ftp/my_files/kvazhim/Hazre012.pdf|accessdate=2007-12-27|date=2007-12-27|author=Bar Sadeh, Eliezer|page=12}} {{he icon}}</ref> In the 2006–07 school year, 57.14% of Arad's 12th graders were eligible for a ''[[Education in Israel|bagrut]]'' (matriculation) certificate, compared to a national average of 45.9%. In the 2007–08 year, the number dropped to 49.67%, compared to a national average of 46.3%.<ref name="hatzvi-bagrut">{{Cite news|title=Percentage of Matriculation Receivers in Arad at 49.67% This Year - Just Above the National Average and Lower than Last Year|publisher=HaTzvi Arad|work=465th Edition|url=http://www.aradnik.co.il/30428/אחוז-הזכאים-לבגרות-השנה-בערד---13-8-גליון-465|accessdate=2008-08-16|date=2008-08-13|author=Riskin, Anat}} {{he icon}}</ref> |
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In addition, there are several private and [[Haredi Judaism|Haredi]] schools in Arad, such as the [[Shuvu]] movement's grades 1-8 school, and the [[Ger (Hasidic dynasty)|Gerrer]] Haredi school.<ref name="elementary schools" /> Other Haredi schools include the boys' Beit Ya'akov and girls' Kol Ya'akov in the Halamish neighborhood, the Lev Simcha Yeshiva, and the Beit Ya'akov High School. [[Religious Zionism|Religious Zionist]] schools include the Ne'ot Avraham [[Bnei Akiva]] [[Ulpana]], which also provides young women with the guidance to perform volunteer activities in the community,<ref name="ulpana">{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Israel/Partnerships/Regions/Arad/News/2006/news-0606-ulpana.htm|title=Neot Avraham Bnei Akiva Ulpana in Arad|publisher=[[Jewish Agency for Israel]]|date=2006-06-18|accessdate=2008-04-10}}</ref> and the Tlalim Elementary School, founded in 1971.<ref name="tlalim-school">{{cite web|url=http://www.orianit.edu-negev.gov.il/tlalimard/cp/homepage/ancno.htm|title=Tlalim School - About Us|accessdate=2008-10-14}} {{he icon}}</ref> |
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SOS Children's Village Arad (known as ''Kfar Neradim'') was built in the southern outskirts of Arad. The Village was founded on 27 October 1981 and consists of twelve family houses, to accommodate up to 120 children. There is also an SOS Youth Facility to accommodate 12 to 14 youths from the SOS Children's Village. In January 2005, an SOS Social Centre was opened at Arad. It runs a day-care center and various community outreach programmes to support socially weak families.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soschildrensvillages.ca/Where-we-help/Asia/Israel/Arad-Neradim/Pages/default.aspx|title=SOS Children's Village Arad (Neradim)|publisher=[[SOS Children's Villages - Canada]]|accessdate=2008-10-14}}</ref> |
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Arad has 22 synagogues, of which 11 are [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazi]], 9 are [[Sephardi Jews|Sephardi]], one is [[Yemenite Jews|Yemenite]], and one is [[Ethiopian Jews|Ethiopian]]. Both the central [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazi]] and [[Sephardi Jews|Sephardi]] synagogues are located in the Ye'elim neighborhood. There are [[Ger (Hasidic dynasty)|Gerrer]] synagogues in Avishur and Halamish, and a [[Chabad]] synagogue in Ye'elim.<ref name="aradnik-synagogues">{{cite web|url=http://www.aradnik.co.il/site/detail/detail/detailDetail.asp?detail_id=245097|title=Synagogues in Arad|publisher=HaTzvi Arad|accessdate=2008-10-14}} {{he icon}}</ref> There are two ''[[mikva]]s'' in the city—in the Tlalim and Ayanot neighborhoods.<ref name="aradnik-mikvas">{{cite web|url=http://www.aradnik.co.il/site/detail/detail/detailDetail.asp?detail_id=245099|title=Arad - Mikvah|publisher=HaTzvi Arad|accessdate=2008-10-14}} {{he icon}}</ref> Arad's dead are mostly buried in the local cemetery, located in the northeastern outskirts of the city, close to the road to Masada. |
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<center> |
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<gallery> |
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Image:Alon Pano.jpg|ORT Arad HS, formerly Yigal Allon Junior High |
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Image:Avishur School.jpg|Secondary building of the Avishur elementary school |
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Image:Arad central synagogue.jpg|Central Ashkenazi synagogue |
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Image:Arad shaked synagogue.jpg|Rotem neighborhood synagogue |
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</gallery> |
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</center> |
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==Government== |
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[[Image:Avraham Sochat 1.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Avraham "Beiga" Shochat, the first elected leader of Arad]] |
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Arad has, since its inception in 1962, been under the governance of a [[Regional council (Israel)|regional council]] and [[Local council (Israel)|local council]], before being designated as a [[City council (Israel)|city council]] in 1995. Democratic elections have been held in Arad since 1966, although only Avraham Shochat, Betzalel Tabib and Moty Brill were ever elected or re-elected as the head of the municipality. The first mayor of the city of Arad was [[Betzalel Tabib]] who served as both head of the local council and city council. He was replaced by Mordechai Brill in 2003, although due to his inability to pass a yearly budget, Brill was dismissed by the [[Interior Minister of Israel|Minister of the Interior]] [[Meir Sheetrit]] in August 2007, and a government-appointed clerk, Gideon Bar-Lev, took his place.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/spages/913003.html|title=Collapse of the Southern Municipalities - The Dismissed Mayor: The One Who Hampered (Arad's) Recovery Program was Appointed in My Stead|publication=[[Haaretz]]|date=2007-10-15|accessdate=2007-11-30|author=Grinberg, Mijal}} {{he icon}}</ref> The longest serving head of Arad's municipality was [[Avraham Shochat]] who served as head of the local council between 1967 and 1986.<ref name="museum" /> |
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Arad's yearly budget is over 100 million [[New Israeli shekel|NIS]] and over $30 million [[US dollar|USD]]. On 27 December 2007, the 2008 budget was unanimously passed at [[New Israeli Sheqel|NIS]] 123 million by the city council. The city's total income for the year is estimated at approximately [[New Israeli Sheqel|NIS]] 119 million.<ref>{{Cite news|title=The Municipal Budget of Arad for 2008 was Passed|date=2008-01-03|publisher=HaTzvi Arad|url=http://www.aradnik.co.il/30428/תקציב-עריית-ערד-לשנת-2008-אושר---3-1|accessdate=2007-11-30|author=Bar Sadeh, Eliezer}} {{he icon}}</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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!Name!!Term!!Position!!Party |
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|- |
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|[[Aryeh Eliav|Aryeh "Lyova" Eliav]] |
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|1960–June 1962 |
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|Head of Arad Regional Council |
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|[[Mapai]] |
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|- |
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|[[Yitzhak Pundak]] |
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|June 1962–1965 |
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|Head of Arad Regional Council |
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| |
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|- |
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|Yitzhak Pundak |
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|1965–1966 |
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|Head of local council |
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| |
|||
|- |
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|Ze'ev Haimoni |
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|1966–1967 |
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|Head of local council |
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|[[Mapam]] |
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|- |
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|[[Avraham Shochat]] |
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|1967–1986 |
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|Head of local council |
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|[[Labor Party (Israel)|Labor]] |
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|- |
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|[[Betzalel Tabib]] |
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|1986–29 June 1995 |
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|Head of local council |
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|Labor |
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|- |
|||
|Betzalel Tabib |
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|29 June 1995–October 2003 |
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|Mayor |
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|Labor |
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|- |
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|Mordechai "Moty" Brill |
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|October 2003–August 2007 |
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|Mayor |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[Gideon Bar-Lev]] |
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|October 2007–date |
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|Mayor |
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| |
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|} |
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While it is not customary for Israeli cities to have major unique/auxiliary laws, many cities have minor laws. In Arad, it is illegal to feed animals in public places.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/6528/shaunlaws.htm|title=Weirdest Laws in the World!|author=Aisbitt, Shawn|accessdate=2008-03-10}}</ref> It is also illegal to sell or consume [[sunflower seed]]s, [[peanut]]s, etc. in public places, due to an anti-littering law enacted in 1965.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moin.gov.il/Apps/PubWebSite/MIMunLaw.nsf/SysLawSearchView/F3D99B1A921A11EF422571A300390CCF/$FILE/MunicipalLaw.rtf|format=RTF|accessdate=2008-10-14|publisher=Israel Ministry of the Interior|title=Auxiliary Law for Arad (Cleanliness and Smoking Prohibition), 1965}} {{he icon}}</ref> There are in all 27 auxiliary laws in Arad, which were enacted between 1965 and 2000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moin.gov.il/Apps/PubWebSite/MIMunLaw.nsf/ShowLawsByPlaceMR?OpenAgent&unid=51BEFB644A13E7A4422569CD00467E0C&getFlag=YES|publisher=Israel Ministry of the Interior|title=Auxiliary Laws in Local Authorities - List of Auxiliary Laws for Local Authority - Arad|accessdate=2008-03-10}} {{he icon}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arad.muni.il/294.html|title=Auxiliary Laws of Arad|publisher=Arad Municipality|accessdate=2008-10-14}} {{he icon}}</ref> |
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==Transportation== |
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[[Image:Metropoline minibus.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Metropoline mini-bus on the internal Line 1]] |
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Arad does not have any railways and therefore there are only two ways to get to Arad: by air or road. The only highway connecting Arad with the rest of the country is [[Highway 31 (Israel)|Highway 31]], which connects it with [[Beersheba]] to the west, and the [[Dead Sea]] to the east. It has two junctions within Arad's municipal area - the Arad Junction (within the city itself, with Road 3199), and the Tel Arad Junction (with [[Highway 80 (Israel)|Highway 80]]).<ref name="mapa 44 ch24">{{Cite map|title=Gold Atlas|publisher=[[Mapa]]|edition=2007|scale=1:100,000|page=44|section=''Het''24|isbn=965-521-057-7}}</ref> The local Road 3199 connects Arad with [[Masada]], but does not connect to the road next to the dead sea ([[Highway 90 (Israel)|Highway 90]]). It is therefore the only way to get to Masada's western side.<ref name="mapa 42 v23" /> |
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Arad's airfield, which was first used during the music festival of 1994, is located to the south of the city, and serves domestic flights according to demand.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Statistical Yearbook for the Negev, #1 1993|year=1994|month=April|publisher=Mi UMa Tikshoret Mekomit|editor=Esther Levinson|location=Beersheba, Israel|pages=p. 73}} {{he icon}}</ref> |
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The main bus station of Arad, Arad Central Bus Station, was located on the corner of Jerusalem (Yerushalayim) Street and Jeuda (Yehuda) Street. It has however been closed due to a legal battle between Arad's municipality and the [[Egged Bus Cooperative]], and its bus stops are now located nearby on Jerusalem St. Construction of the central station is expected to resume in 2008, and will be finished by August.<ref name="aradnik metropoline 2007-05-31">{{cite news|title=Arad - Metropoline|date=2007-05-31|accessdate=2008-03-15|author=Bar Sadeh, Eliezer|publisher=HaTzvi Arad|url=http://www.aradnik.co.il/site/detail/detail/detailDetail.asp?detail_id=475872&seaWordPage=%22%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F%22}} {{he icon}}</ref> The new station will include seven platforms and a large parking lot for [[park and ride]]. The planned cost of the project is [[New Israeli Sheqel|NIS]] 4.5 million.<ref>{{Cite news|title=The Arad Central Bus Station|publisher=HaTzvi Arad|url=http://www.aradnik.co.il/30428/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%94-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%93----29-11|accessdate=2007-11-30|author=Riskin, Anat}} {{he icon}}</ref> |
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Buses in Arad are served by the Egged Bus Cooperative and, since 1 June 2007, also the [[Metropoline]] company.<ref name="aradnik metropoline 2007-05-31" /> A multitude of inter-city bus routes are served by the main station, two more inter-city [[Haredi]] routes which leave from the north, as well as two inner routes (1 and 2), with two alternatives (1a and 2a). The inter-city routes are as follows:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.egged.co.il|title=Official Website|publisher=[[Egged Bus Cooperative]]|accessdate=2008-10-14}} {{he icon}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metropoline.com|title=Official Website|publisher=[[Metropoline]]|accessdate=2008-10-14}} {{he icon}}</ref> |
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[[Image:Arad CBS.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Arad's central bus station, now dismantled. The bus stops are all that remain, although buses no longer stop there.]] |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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!Line!!Route!!Company |
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|- |
|||
|384 |
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|[[Beersheba]] CBS - [[Ein Gedi]] |
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|[[Egged bus cooperative|Egged]] |
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|- |
|||
|385 |
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|Beersheba CBS - [[Ein Bokek]] |
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|Egged |
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|- |
|||
|386 |
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|Arad (center) - Beersheba CBS |
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|[[Metropoline]] |
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|- |
|||
|388 |
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|Arad (center) - Beersheba CBS |
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|Metropoline |
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|- |
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|388a |
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|Arad (center) - [[Lehavim Railway Station]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aradnik.co.il/site/detail/detail/detailDetail.asp?detail_id=499971&seaWordPage=%22%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F%22|title=Arad - Israel Railways Stops at Lehavim|publisher=HaTzvi Arad|date=2007-06-28|author=Duak, Sharon|accessdate=2008-03-15}} {{he icon}}</ref> |
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|Metropoline |
|||
|- |
|||
|389 |
|||
|Arad (center) - [[Tel Aviv Central Bus Station|Tel Aviv CBS]] |
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|Egged |
|||
|- |
|||
|441 |
|||
|Arad (center) - [[Jerusalem Central Bus Station|Jerusalem CBS]] (''Sundays only'') |
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|Egged |
|||
|- |
|||
|550 |
|||
|Arad (north) - [[Bnei Brak]] |
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|Egged |
|||
|- |
|||
|554 |
|||
|Arad (north) - Jerusalem Har Hotzvim |
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|Egged |
|||
|} |
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==Sister cities== |
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*{{flagicon|United States}} [[Burlington, Vermont]], developed a sister city relationship with Arad in 1991. Then Mayor Bezalel Tabib, along with Professor Walid Dajani, who represented [[Bethlehem]], visited [[Burlington, Vermont]] to sign a three cities cooperative agreement - the first-ever sister-city pacts among American, Palestinian, and Israeli communities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ci.burlington.vt.us/sistercities|title=Sister Cities - The City Diplomacy of Burlington, Vermont|accessdate=2008-06-12}}</ref> |
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*{{flagicon|United States}} [[Wilmington, Delaware]] became a sister city of Arad in 1973, to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the State of [[Israel]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sistercitieswilmington.org/html/background.html|title=Sister Cities of Wilmington, Inc. - Background|accessdate=2008-06-12}}</ref> |
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*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Dinslaken]], Germany became a sister city of Arad in 1989.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://www.dinslaken-arad.de/&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=2&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DDinslaken%2Barad%26hl%3Den|title=Dinslaken-Arad (translated by Google)| accessdate=2008-03-15|publisher=Dinslaken-Arad.de}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist|2}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://www. |
*[http://www.arad.muni.il Official website] {{he icon}} |
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*[http://www.aradnik.co.il Aradnik, the internet version of Arad's local HaTzvi weekly] {{he icon}} |
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* {{imdb title|id=0181199|title=Arabian Nights (2000) (TV)}} |
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*[http://maps.google.com/maps?q=&ll=31.254634,35.219936&spn=0.038301,0.087633&t=h&z=14&om=1 Arad by Google Maps] |
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* [http://www.dougrayscottinfocus.com/an/index.htm Fan site] on Dougray Scott’s official website |
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*[http://www.gis-net.co.il/website/gis55/gis-net.asp?citycode=2560 Arad GIS system] {{he icon}} |
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{{South District (Israel)}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Arad}} |
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[[Category:American television miniseries]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Settlements established in 1956]] |
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[[Category:Cities in Israel]] |
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[[Category:Development towns]] |
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[[ca:Arad (Israel)]] |
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[[de:Arabian Nights – Abenteuer aus 1001 Nacht]] |
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[[eo:Arad (Israelo)]] |
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[[fa:عراد]] |
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[[io:Arad, Israel]] |
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[[ka:არადი]] |
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Revision as of 00:51, 14 October 2008
Template:Infobox Israel municipality
Arad (Template:Lang-he-n; Arabic: عراض) is a city in the South District of Israel, on the border of the Negev and Judean Deserts. Located 25 kilometers (15.5 mi) west of the Dead Sea and 45 kilometers (28.0 mi) east of the city Beersheba, the city is home to a diverse population of 23,300,[1] including Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, both secular and religious, Bedouins and Black Hebrews, as well as native-born Israelis and new immigrants. The city is notable for its clean, dry air and serves as a major attraction to asthmatics worldwide.[2][3]
Although attempts to settle the area have been made as early as 1921, the city was founded only in November 1962 as the last development town to be established and the first pre-planned city in Israel. Arad's population grew significantly with the Aliyah from the Commonwealth of Independent States in the 1990s, and peaked in 2002 at 24,500 residents. The city has seen a decline in population ever since.
As the second-largest city in Israel in terms of jurisdiction, Arad contains a number of large public places and facilities, such as the ruins of Tel Arad, the Arad Park, an airfield serving domestic flights, and Israel's first legal race circuit. It is also well-known for its annual music festival, which was one of the most popular annual music events in the country until 1995.
History
Arad is named after the biblical Canaanite town located at Tel Arad (a Biblical archaeology site famous for the discovery of ostraca) which is located approximately 8 kilometers (5.0 mi) west of modern Arad.[4] The bible describes it as a Canaanite stronghold whose king kept the Israelites from moving from the Negev to the Judean Mountains, although Tel Arad was destroyed over 1,200 years before the arrival of the Israelites. However, Shoshenq I's chronicles seem to mention a settlement in Tel Arad. During the Byzantine period, the location was still correctly identified by Eusebius, and the name Arad was preserved by the Bedouins.[5]
Foundation
The first modern attempt to settle the area was made by the Yishuv, the body of Jewish residents in Palestine, on 23 February 1921, when the British Mandate government allowed released soldiers from the Jewish Legion to settle in the area.[4] Nine men and two women attempted the task, but after four months were forced to leave because water was not found in the area.[4]
It was not until 15 November 1960, when a planning unit (and a full committee on 29 December) were appointed by the government to examine the possibility of settlement in the northeastern Negev desert and the Arad area. An initial budget of 50,000 Israeli liras was given to the project which was to be under the leadership of Aryeh Eliav. On 31 January 1961, the final location of the new city was decided (3.5 kilometers (2.2 mi) southwest of Mount Kidod), as well as details about road and water connections. During March 1961, a full city plan for 10,000 and then 20,000 residents was conceived, along with a corresponding map. Yona Pitelson served as the chief architect of the city and was instrumental in its design.[6]
Growth to a city
The foundations of modern Arad were laid when the oil company Nefta built a work camp in the area in July 1961, consisting of six temporary sheds, after oil was found there in commercial quantities.[6][7] The town itself, however, was officially founded in 1962 by a group of young Israelis, most of them ex-kibbutz and ex-moshav members, who were seeking an environment free of the urban ills of overcrowding, traffic, noise, and pollution.[8] The founding ceremony was held on 21 November, and attended by then-Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion. It was one of the last development towns to be founded.[9] According to the city website, Arad was the first pre-planned city in Israel.[10]
Until 1964 Arad had about 160 families, most of whom were natives. After 1971 Arad began absorbing olim (mostly from the Soviet Union, but also from English speaking countries and Latin America), and its population increased from 4,000 in 1969 to 10,500 in 1974. During the first half of the 1990s, Arad absorbed 6,000 immigrants from the former Soviet Union.[5] The late Prime Minister, Yitzhak Rabin, declared Arad a city on 29 June 1995.[11]
Flag and emblem
The emblem of Arad is a square with a hill and a flame. The hill represents Mount Kidod, a hill in the northeastern part of the city, and the flame represents natural gas, which was extracted in the area in Arad's early days and spurred the city's growth. The emblem was adopted on 19 May 1966.[12]
The flag of Arad is a state flag (
), a rectangle with a 2:3 ratio, which has a light blue background and shows the emblem in the center with the Hebrew text for "Municipality of Arad" at the top and the English text "City of ARAD Israel" (or variations thereof) and the bottom. This is the de facto flag, and there is no law or edict making it official.[12]
Geography
Arad is located mostly on the western and southwestern Kidod Range, and the Arad Plain,[13] which marks the southwestern end of the Judean Desert in southern Israel. It is located 30 kilometers (18.6 mi) west of the southern end of the Dead Sea, and is by road, 45 kilometers (28.0 mi) east of Beer Sheva, 111 kilometers (69.0 mi) south of Jerusalem, and 138 kilometers (85.7 mi) south east of Tel Aviv. The city is 219 kilometers (136.1 mi) north of the southern-most city of Eilat.[14]
The city spans an area of 93,140 dunams (93.1 km2; 36.0 sq mi),[1] one of the largest municipal areas in Israel, even though its urban area is much smaller. In 1993, the city's jurisdiction was 73,934.3 dunams (73.9 km2; 28.5 sq mi), still many times larger than the urban area.[15] The historical site of Tel Arad and the Arad Park (also known as Ran Grove) can also be found within its municipal area, west of the urban core. Arad also has a commercial landing strip located slightly to the south of its urban core. The closest municipality to Arad is the Bedouin local council Kuseife.
Neighborhoods
Each neighborhood in Arad contains streets named in a thematic manner, for example, a neighborhood where all streets are named after jewels. The exception to this are the four central quarters which have more conventional street names, and the original two neighborhoods (Rishonim and Ne'urim). The themed neighborhoods make up the entire city north of Highway 31. South of the highway is Arad's industrial zone (the northern area being the light industry zone). The neighborhoods are as follows:
| Name | Meaning | Theme |
|---|---|---|
| Avishur | Abishur | |
| Tlalim | Dew (plural) | |
| Leva'ot | Lionesses | |
| Ye'elim | Ibexes | |
| Gevim | Cisterns | Fluvial bodies |
| Halamish | Flint | Fruits |
| Yehoshafat (under construction) | Jehoshaphat | Kings of Israel and Judea |
| Rishonim | Originals | |
| Ne'urim | Youth | |
| Renanim (under construction) | Joys | Music |
| Ayanot | Springs | Springs |
| Ma'of | Flight | Birds |
| Hatzavim | Squills | Military |
| Harduf | Oleander | Heights (figurative) |
| Shaked | Almond | Plants |
| Rotem | Broom | Jewels |
Geology and topography
The western part of Arad is made up of Loess land, while the eastern part is made up of sedimentary rock, including chalk, flint and dolomite.[16]
Arad's elevation ranges between approximately 361.5 and 631.1 metres (1,186 and 2,071 ft)* above sea level,[1] a notable peak being Mount Kidod (600 m (1,969 ft)*), located at the northeastern point of the city and named after Ras al-Kadadeh, the Arabic name for the hill.[4][5] Other peaks within the municipal borders include Mount Kina (635 m (2,083 ft)*) and Mount Brir (537 m (1,762 ft)*).
There are several wadis that pass through Arad, notably the Ye'elim Stream (which runs along Highway 31) and Tze'elim Stream. Others include the Hesed, Keisan, Kidod, Kina, Malhata, Pra'im, Tavya, and other streams.[17] They are completely dried-up all year round.
Climate
Between 1964 and 1974, Arad's average temperature in January was 11 °C (52 °F), and 27 °C (81 °F) in July. The average yearly precipitation between 1960 and 1990 was 150 millimetres (5.9 in)*,[1] and 158 millimetres (6.2 in)* between 1962 and 1978.[16] Arad is thus situated in an arid area, where most precipitation falls in the winter months of December, January and February. It does however, on rare occasions snows. Two examples are the massive snowstorm during the 1991–92 winter that swept through entire mountainous of the Negev and January's snowstorm of 2008.[18][19]
Demographics
According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, of Arad's 23,300 2005 population, 82% were Jews, and another 17.2% were other non-Arabs. 11,100 (~47.6%) were men and 12,200 were women. 42.9% (the second highest in the country) were immigrants since 1990.[1] Arad's population peaked in 2002 at 24,500.[20] Since then, it has been undergoing a steady decline, with a 23,300 low in 2006. However, CBS estimates that the population has risen to 23,400 in 2007.[21]
In 2004, Arad had 9,797 (~41.7%) salaried workers and 462 (~2%) self-employed. 10,511 were receiving children's benefits, 292 were receiving unemployment benefits, and 2,855 were receiving income guarantee. The average monthly income was NIS 5,165, with salaried employees earning an average of NIS 5,549 (NIS 7,344 for men and 3,818 NIS for women).[1]
The IDF's City of Training Bases, which is located near Beersheba and under construction, hopes to bring thousands of soldiers (mostly officers, senior NCOs and other staff) to live in the Negev, including Arad. Orli Yehezkel, the CEO of the ministry, told in her visit to Arad that NIS 4.5 million will be invested in Arad, including a subsidy of NIS 1,000 per family per month for two years for families of soldiers wishing to move to Arad.[22]
Economy
Other than tourist venues, Arad's commerce is mostly concentrated in the central commerce area, as envisioned in the original plan. There is one shopping mall in the city, the Arad Mall, in the northern block of the commerce sector.[23] In addition to the main area, there are small shop clustern in most neighborhoods in the city, notably a building called The Star (HaKokhav) in the Tlalim quarter. A lone supermarket outside the center, Mega in the City, is located in the industrial zone, near the entrance to the city, and a major shopping complex is planned near it by a real estate company called Zim Centers. Another important commercial center in Arad is the Arad Market, open only on Mondays, located in the light industry zone.[24]
Among the companies with manufacturing plants in Arad are Arad Textile Industries, one of Israel's largest producers of towels, Motorola Israel, A.M.S. Electronics who manufacture printed circuit boards and electronic products, El-Ran Timber Industries, Jordael who manufacture cosmetic products, and a Unilever Shefa Israel cereal plant. Since 1971, Arad has been producing phosphoric acid, made from brine collected from the Dead Sea, and phosphates from the nearby Tzefa.[7] Rotem Amfert Negev Ltd, a subsidiary of Israel Chemicals Ltd (ICL), has been planning a new phosphate plant in the Sdeh Brir area for several years. In 2008, the Ministry of the Environment decided not to contest the company's bid, despite studies showing it may increase air pollution-related deaths in the area.[25]
Tourism
Other than the annual music festival, Arad has two main tourist venues - its clean air, which brings asthmatics from all over the world to the city, and its proximity to the Dead Sea, which allows tourists to pay much less for accommodation as well as having municipal services nearby, and still be able to easily reach the sea.[7] To that end, there are three hotels in the city - Inbar, Yefe Nof Arad and Margoa Arad.[26] However, Arad's municipality is trying to encourage other tourist venues, such as hiking and ecological tourism. Additionally, travellers to Masada may also prefer to stay in Arad, which is the closest (22 km (13.7 mi)* by road) urban settlement to this popular site, and the only way to reach its western side.[27] On the outskirts of Arad, near the hotel area, there is a large white monument conceived by Yigal Tumarkin in 1968, called Mitzpe Mo'av (Mo'av Lookout), which also offers a view of the Judean Desert.[28]
The Israel National Trail passes through Arad, between Mount Kina and Tel Arad, a major archeological dig and tourist attraction. Although not located within Arad's jurisdiction, the Zohar Peak (552 m (1,811 ft)*) and Zohar Lookout (Mitzpe Zohar) are common hiking and biking destinations on the national trail. The trails codenamed 11335 and 11240 run along the national trail in this area.[29]
In accordance with the 7 March 2007 decision taken by the Ministry for the Development of the Negev and Galilee to move the national archive of Israel from Jerusalem to Arad, a museum is planned, which will display various gifts given to Israeli politicians over the years.[30][31]
-
Inbar Hotel -
Margoa Arad Hotel -
Yefe Nof Arad Hotel -
Explanatory plaque at Mitzpe Mo'av
Culture and recreation
Culture and entertainment
Arad's main cultural center is the Center for Culture, Youth and Sports (Hebrew: מתנ"ס Matnas), named after Samuel Rubin and located on Ben Yair Street near the city's only mall, the Arad Mall.[23][32] It was built in 1983[33] and contains the Arad Museum, Arad's public library, a concert hall, a tourist information center about the Judean and Negev deserts (called Arad Visitor Center, founded in 1989), and various related offices.[8]
The Oron Theater (formerly also a cinema), planned by the architect Menachem Cohen, is another important culture and entertainment venue in the city although the city's main cinema, formerly located in the mall, was closed down during the tenure of mayor Moty Brill, due to lack of demand. The city also has an artists quarter, Eshet Lot, which is a section of Arad's industrial center on the road leading to the Dead Sea, mostly being in old hangars no longer used for industry.[34] The city also has a conservatory and concert hall.[35]
Arad has been widely known for its Hebrew Music Festival, held annually around summertime since 1982. The festival was a great opportunity for new artists to become known, but also attracted Israel's best musicians and bands as it grew. On 18 July 1995, three teenagers were crushed to death by a falling gate, which was torn down by the pressure of a large crowd whilst trying to watch the farewell concert held by the then popular band Mashina. Since then the festival has become a minor event. Due to this catastrophe, five of the festival's organizers received prison sentences of up to one year.[36]
-
Public library -
Culture, youth and sports center -
Arad Visitor Center
Parks, recreation and sports
The main public park and picnic area in Arad is the Arad Park, also called the Ran Grove (after Ran Schochat, who was KIA in the Yom Kippur War[37]), which is located about 8 kilometers (5.0 mi) west of the city center and measures 3,000 dunams (3.0 km2; 1.2 sq mi).[5] Other notable parks include:
- Gan HaPsalim (a.k.a. Park HaNsharim), the park at the entrance to the city, with monuments of various desert animals[38]
- Gan HaHamisha (Garden of the Five) - a memorial park for the five residents of Arad who were killed in action in the Six-Day War.[37] Includes a monument for the soldiers, as well as a stone structure called Amud HaBulbusim (lit. Pillar of the Potatoes, because of its shape), which marks Arad's place in the desert and their residents' control of the territory according to Bedouin tradition - designed by Yona Pitelson.
- Northern Park, to the north of the Halamish neighborhood[39]
- Gan Harpatka'ot (Adventure Park) - a large playground and open grass area in the Rishonim neighborhood[40]
The main cluster of recreational facilities in the city is located in a small neighborhood known as Ayanot, also called the Sports Town (Kiryat HaSport). The area contains a swimming pool, tennis courts, a country club and various playgrounds.[41] The city's main football stadium is located outside of this cluster, on the corner of Yehuda and Palmach Streets. The stadium is home to Hapoel Arad, who currently play in Liga Alef, the fourth tier of Israeli football, with occasional relegations to Liga Bet.[42][43]
Arad has also hosted a mountain biking tournament annually since 2000, called Riding Arad, in honor of Itamar Ilya, a soldier killed in action in Lebanon in 1997. In March 2008, the tournament became part of an international Union Cycliste Internationale competition, which is co-hosted by Misgav and Ma'alot. Arad's professional course is 37 kilometers (23.0 mi) long, whilst the expert course is 22.5 kilometers (14.0 mi).[44][45]
-
Arad's football stadium -
Tennis courts in Arad's recreation area -
Gan Avishur, a playground near the Avishur school. The duck, a minor landmark, has been dismantled. -
3rd Junior Chess Tournamest, hosted by the Arad Mall
Services
Healthcare
Arad does not have a hospital, but there are numerous medical clinics, including Clalit, Leumit and Maccabi. Emergencies are handled by the single Magen David Adom station, located in the municipal compound.
A medical center was also built in the compoud in 2004, named Schaller Medical Centre after Leon and Freda Schaller from London, who were the prime donors. It serves as an emergency ward, but does not have the equipment needed to perform operations, and such patients are transferred to the Soroka Medical Center. On average, 10% of the patients are transferred.[46]
Law enforcement
Arad is served by a local Israel Police station, located next to the municipal compound and the Magen David Adom station. It is commanded by Superintendent Yuval Paz[47] and has 58 members.[48] Arad's station also serves the Sodom area.[49]
Arad's police force was chosen as the exceptional force for 2007, and awarded an award of excellence on 5 March 2008. Among others, a severe reduction in property crime was cited. Arad's force was able to reduce the amount of such crimes from 1,092 in 2003 to just 168 in 2007.[48][49] On 18 July 2008, Arad police, in a rare incident, shot dead a man threatening to kill his ex-wife with a knife.[50]
Education and religion
Arad has a public elementary school in every central neighborhood (Halamish, Tlalim, Avishur, Leva'ot and Ye'elim (called Ye'elim-Ofarim)), whilst Tlalim is a religious school.[51] There is one public middle school, Re'ut, located near the junction of the Yoshiyahu and HaKana'im streets. The second middle school, Allon, was closed in 2007 and merged into ORT Arad, the city's only public secondary school, which shares a building with the Re'ut middle school and the former Yigal Allon school.[52] In the 2006–07 school year, 57.14% of Arad's 12th graders were eligible for a bagrut (matriculation) certificate, compared to a national average of 45.9%. In the 2007–08 year, the number dropped to 49.67%, compared to a national average of 46.3%.[53]
In addition, there are several private and Haredi schools in Arad, such as the Shuvu movement's grades 1-8 school, and the Gerrer Haredi school.[51] Other Haredi schools include the boys' Beit Ya'akov and girls' Kol Ya'akov in the Halamish neighborhood, the Lev Simcha Yeshiva, and the Beit Ya'akov High School. Religious Zionist schools include the Ne'ot Avraham Bnei Akiva Ulpana, which also provides young women with the guidance to perform volunteer activities in the community,[54] and the Tlalim Elementary School, founded in 1971.[55]
SOS Children's Village Arad (known as Kfar Neradim) was built in the southern outskirts of Arad. The Village was founded on 27 October 1981 and consists of twelve family houses, to accommodate up to 120 children. There is also an SOS Youth Facility to accommodate 12 to 14 youths from the SOS Children's Village. In January 2005, an SOS Social Centre was opened at Arad. It runs a day-care center and various community outreach programmes to support socially weak families.[56]
Arad has 22 synagogues, of which 11 are Ashkenazi, 9 are Sephardi, one is Yemenite, and one is Ethiopian. Both the central Ashkenazi and Sephardi synagogues are located in the Ye'elim neighborhood. There are Gerrer synagogues in Avishur and Halamish, and a Chabad synagogue in Ye'elim.[57] There are two mikvas in the city—in the Tlalim and Ayanot neighborhoods.[58] Arad's dead are mostly buried in the local cemetery, located in the northeastern outskirts of the city, close to the road to Masada.
-
ORT Arad HS, formerly Yigal Allon Junior High -
Secondary building of the Avishur elementary school -
Central Ashkenazi synagogue -
Rotem neighborhood synagogue
Government
Arad has, since its inception in 1962, been under the governance of a regional council and local council, before being designated as a city council in 1995. Democratic elections have been held in Arad since 1966, although only Avraham Shochat, Betzalel Tabib and Moty Brill were ever elected or re-elected as the head of the municipality. The first mayor of the city of Arad was Betzalel Tabib who served as both head of the local council and city council. He was replaced by Mordechai Brill in 2003, although due to his inability to pass a yearly budget, Brill was dismissed by the Minister of the Interior Meir Sheetrit in August 2007, and a government-appointed clerk, Gideon Bar-Lev, took his place.[59] The longest serving head of Arad's municipality was Avraham Shochat who served as head of the local council between 1967 and 1986.[6]
Arad's yearly budget is over 100 million NIS and over $30 million USD. On 27 December 2007, the 2008 budget was unanimously passed at NIS 123 million by the city council. The city's total income for the year is estimated at approximately NIS 119 million.[60]
| Name | Term | Position | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aryeh "Lyova" Eliav | 1960–June 1962 | Head of Arad Regional Council | Mapai |
| Yitzhak Pundak | June 1962–1965 | Head of Arad Regional Council | |
| Yitzhak Pundak | 1965–1966 | Head of local council | |
| Ze'ev Haimoni | 1966–1967 | Head of local council | Mapam |
| Avraham Shochat | 1967–1986 | Head of local council | Labor |
| Betzalel Tabib | 1986–29 June 1995 | Head of local council | Labor |
| Betzalel Tabib | 29 June 1995–October 2003 | Mayor | Labor |
| Mordechai "Moty" Brill | October 2003–August 2007 | Mayor | |
| Gideon Bar-Lev | October 2007–date | Mayor |
While it is not customary for Israeli cities to have major unique/auxiliary laws, many cities have minor laws. In Arad, it is illegal to feed animals in public places.[61] It is also illegal to sell or consume sunflower seeds, peanuts, etc. in public places, due to an anti-littering law enacted in 1965.[62] There are in all 27 auxiliary laws in Arad, which were enacted between 1965 and 2000.[63][64]
Transportation
Arad does not have any railways and therefore there are only two ways to get to Arad: by air or road. The only highway connecting Arad with the rest of the country is Highway 31, which connects it with Beersheba to the west, and the Dead Sea to the east. It has two junctions within Arad's municipal area - the Arad Junction (within the city itself, with Road 3199), and the Tel Arad Junction (with Highway 80).[65] The local Road 3199 connects Arad with Masada, but does not connect to the road next to the dead sea (Highway 90). It is therefore the only way to get to Masada's western side.[27]
Arad's airfield, which was first used during the music festival of 1994, is located to the south of the city, and serves domestic flights according to demand.[66]
The main bus station of Arad, Arad Central Bus Station, was located on the corner of Jerusalem (Yerushalayim) Street and Jeuda (Yehuda) Street. It has however been closed due to a legal battle between Arad's municipality and the Egged Bus Cooperative, and its bus stops are now located nearby on Jerusalem St. Construction of the central station is expected to resume in 2008, and will be finished by August.[67] The new station will include seven platforms and a large parking lot for park and ride. The planned cost of the project is NIS 4.5 million.[68]
Buses in Arad are served by the Egged Bus Cooperative and, since 1 June 2007, also the Metropoline company.[67] A multitude of inter-city bus routes are served by the main station, two more inter-city Haredi routes which leave from the north, as well as two inner routes (1 and 2), with two alternatives (1a and 2a). The inter-city routes are as follows:[69][70]
| Line | Route | Company |
|---|---|---|
| 384 | Beersheba CBS - Ein Gedi | Egged |
| 385 | Beersheba CBS - Ein Bokek | Egged |
| 386 | Arad (center) - Beersheba CBS | Metropoline |
| 388 | Arad (center) - Beersheba CBS | Metropoline |
| 388a | Arad (center) - Lehavim Railway Station[71] | Metropoline |
| 389 | Arad (center) - Tel Aviv CBS | Egged |
| 441 | Arad (center) - Jerusalem CBS (Sundays only) | Egged |
| 550 | Arad (north) - Bnei Brak | Egged |
| 554 | Arad (north) - Jerusalem Har Hotzvim | Egged |
Sister cities
Burlington, Vermont, developed a sister city relationship with Arad in 1991. Then Mayor Bezalel Tabib, along with Professor Walid Dajani, who represented Bethlehem, visited Burlington, Vermont to sign a three cities cooperative agreement - the first-ever sister-city pacts among American, Palestinian, and Israeli communities.[72]- Wilmington, Delaware became a sister city of Arad in 1973, to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the State of Israel.[73]
Dinslaken, Germany became a sister city of Arad in 1989.[74]
References
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{{cite journal}}:|pages=has extra text (help); Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Frank M, de Vries A (1967). "Further observation on the clinical response of asthmatic settlers in Arad, Israel". The Journal of allergy. 40 (3): pp. 182–183. PMID 5231431.
{{cite journal}}:|pages=has extra text (help) - ^ a b c d Vilnai, Ze'ev. "Arad". Ariel Encyclopedia. Vol. Volume 7. Israel: Am Oved. pp. pp. 6002-6003.
{{cite encyclopedia}}:|pages=has extra text (help);|volume=has extra text (help) Template:He icon - ^ a b c d Mapa's concise gazetteer of Israel. El'azari, Yuval (ed.). Tel Aviv, Israel: Mapa Publishing. 2005. pp. p. 434-435. ISBN 9657184347.
{{cite book}}:|pages=has extra text (help)CS1 maint: others (link) Template:He icon Cite error: The named reference "mapa" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page). - ^ a b c "Arad - First Days - Preface". Arad Historical Museum. Retrieved 2007-11-30. Template:He icon
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{{cite encyclopedia}}:|pages=has extra text (help);|volume=has extra text (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) - ^ a b HaReuveni, Immanuel (1999). Lexicon of the Land of Israel. Miskal - Yedioth Ahronoth Books and Chemed Books. pp. pp. 781-782. ISBN 965-448-413-7.
{{cite book}}:|pages=has extra text (help) Template:He icon - ^ Krausz, Ernest (1980). Studies of Israeli Society. Transaction Publishers. pp. p. 225. ISBN 087855369X.
{{cite book}}:|pages=has extra text (help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ "Arad - to Live Quality". Arad Municipality. Retrieved 2008-10-14. Template:He icon
- ^ "Visitor's Card". Arad Municipality. Retrieved 2008-10-14. Template:He icon
- ^ a b Gutterman, Dov. "Arad (Israel)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
- ^ Shmueli, Avshalom, ed. (1978–79). Eretz HaNegev - Adam UMidbar. Vol. Vol. 2. Tel Aviv, Israel: Ministry of Defense. pp. p. 575.
{{cite book}}:|pages=has extra text (help);|volume=has extra text (help)CS1 maint: date format (link) Template:He icon - ^ "Driving Distances". Israel Travel Tips. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
- ^ Esther Levinson, ed. (1994). Statistical Yearbook for the Negev, #1 1993. Beersheba, Israel: Mi UMa Tikshoret Mekomit. pp. p. 40.
{{cite book}}:|pages=has extra text (help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) Template:He icon - ^ a b Shmueli, Avshalom, ed. (1978–79). Eretz HaNegev - Adam UMidbar. Vol. Vol. 2. Tel Aviv, Israel: Ministry of Defense. pp. p. 573.
{{cite book}}:|pages=has extra text (help);|volume=has extra text (help)CS1 maint: date format (link) Template:He icon - ^ Topographic Maps and Hiking Routes (Map). Amud Anan. Retrieved 2008-03-15. Template:He icon
- ^ "Blizzard of 2008 Update". Israel National News. 2008-01-30. Retrieved 2008-03-20.
- ^ "Daily Herald - Rare Snowstorm paralyzes cities throughout Mideast". Daily Herald. 1992-01-03. Retrieved 2008-03-20.
- ^ "Population and Density per Km² in Localities Numbering Above 5,000 Residents" (PDF). 55th Statistical Yearbook. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 2003. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
cbs populationswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Bar Sadeh, Eliezer (2008-02-14). "Arad Will Be a Focused City". 439th Edition. HaTzvi Arad. Retrieved 2008-02-16. Template:He icon
- ^ a b Tourist Map of Arad (Map). Arad Municipality. § He3. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
- ^ Bar Sadeh, Eliezer (2008-07-23). "Real Estate Company Zim Plans to Construct Giant Shopping and Entertainment Center in Arad". 462nd Edition. HaTzvi Arad. Retrieved 2008-08-01. Template:He icon
- ^ Ben-David, Amir (2008-04-30). "Environmental Ministry supports building polluting factory near Arad". Ynetnews. Retrieved 2008-07-28.
- ^ "Arad Hotels". Tripadvisor.com. Retrieved 2008-03-16.
- ^ a b Gold Atlas (Map) (2007 ed.). 1:100,000. Mapa. p. 42. § Vav23. ISBN 965-521-057-7.
{{cite map}}: Check|isbn=value: checksum (help) - ^ "Hiking Trails". Arad Municipality. Retrieved 2008-10-14. Template:He icon
- ^ 11240 Trail Map (image). Retrieved on 2008-10-14.
- ^ Grinberg, Mijal (2007-03-07). "State to move archives to Arad as part of Negev development plan". Retrieved 2007-11-30.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|publication=ignored (help) - ^ "National Archive Moves to Arad". 2007-03-11. Retrieved 2007-11-30. Template:He icon
- ^ "Matnas Index". Retrieved 2008-03-15. Template:He icon
- ^ "About the Library - Some History". Arad Municipality. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ Sa'ar, Dana (2005-07-25). "Go Out Into the Desert". Retrieved 2008-04-10. Template:He icon
- ^ "Arad City Conservatory". Retrieved 2008-04-10. Template:He icon
- ^ Kaplan, Reuven (2001-12-26). "Got Away Easily". NRG Maariv. Retrieved 2007-11-27. Template:He icon
- ^ a b "Remembering the Fallen Sons of Arad". HaTzvi Arad. Retrieved 2008-10-14. Template:He icon
- ^ Tourist Map of Arad (Map). Arad Municipality. § Het4. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
- ^ Tourist Map of Arad (Map). Arad Municipality. § Vav4. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
- ^ Tourist Map of Arad (Map). Arad Municipality. § He4. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
- ^ Gold Atlas (Map) (2007 ed.). 1:13,500. Mapa. p. 362. § Dalet3. ISBN 965-521-057-7.
{{cite map}}: Check|isbn=value: checksum (help) - ^ "Liga Bet, South B". ONE.com. 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) Template:He icon - ^ "Liga Alef!". 454th Edition. HaTzvi Arad. 2008-05-28. Retrieved 2008-06-03. Template:He icon
- ^ "International Biking Race in Arad". 443rd Edition. HaTzvi Arad. 2008-03-13. Retrieved 2008-03-13. Template:He icon
- ^ "Riding Arad 2008 - Details". Retrieved 2008-10-14. Template:He icon
- ^ Riskin, Anat (2008-02-28). "Advanced X-Ray Acquired for Frontal Emergency Ward". 441st Edition. HaTzvi Arad. Retrieved 2008-03-18. Template:He icon
- ^ Riskin, Anat (2008-09-26). "The Police Chief has a Vision". 471st Edition. HaTzvi Arad. Retrieved 2008-10-04. Template:He icon
- ^ a b Riskin, Anat (2008-03-13). "Award for Excellence to Arad Police". 443rd Edition. HaTzvi Arad. Retrieved 2008-03-13. Template:He icon
- ^ a b "Property Crime in Arad Station's Jurisdition, Including Sodom, over the Years". Arad Municipality. Retrieved 2008-10-14. Template:He icon
- ^ Atlas, Yonat (2008-07-18). "Knife-Wielding Man Killed by Police After Threatening Ex-Wife". Ynetnews. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
- ^ a b "Elementary schools in Arad". HaTzvi Arad. Retrieved 2008-02-16. Template:He icon
- ^ Bar Sadeh, Eliezer (2007-12-27). "2007 Summary" (PDF). 432nd Edition. HaTzvi Arad. p. 12. Retrieved 2007-12-27. Template:He icon
- ^ Riskin, Anat (2008-08-13). "Percentage of Matriculation Receivers in Arad at 49.67% This Year - Just Above the National Average and Lower than Last Year". 465th Edition. HaTzvi Arad. Retrieved 2008-08-16. Template:He icon
- ^ "Neot Avraham Bnei Akiva Ulpana in Arad". Jewish Agency for Israel. 2006-06-18. Retrieved 2008-04-10.
- ^ "Tlalim School - About Us". Retrieved 2008-10-14. Template:He icon
- ^ "SOS Children's Village Arad (Neradim)". SOS Children's Villages - Canada. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
- ^ "Synagogues in Arad". HaTzvi Arad. Retrieved 2008-10-14. Template:He icon
- ^ "Arad - Mikvah". HaTzvi Arad. Retrieved 2008-10-14. Template:He icon
- ^ Grinberg, Mijal (2007-10-15). "Collapse of the Southern Municipalities - The Dismissed Mayor: The One Who Hampered (Arad's) Recovery Program was Appointed in My Stead". Retrieved 2007-11-30.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|publication=ignored (help) Template:He icon - ^ Bar Sadeh, Eliezer (2008-01-03). "The Municipal Budget of Arad for 2008 was Passed". HaTzvi Arad. Retrieved 2007-11-30. Template:He icon
- ^ Aisbitt, Shawn. "Weirdest Laws in the World!". Retrieved 2008-03-10.
- ^ "Auxiliary Law for Arad (Cleanliness and Smoking Prohibition), 1965" (RTF). Israel Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 2008-10-14. Template:He icon
- ^ "Auxiliary Laws in Local Authorities - List of Auxiliary Laws for Local Authority - Arad". Israel Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 2008-03-10. Template:He icon
- ^ "Auxiliary Laws of Arad". Arad Municipality. Retrieved 2008-10-14. Template:He icon
- ^ Gold Atlas (Map) (2007 ed.). 1:100,000. Mapa. p. 44. § Het24. ISBN 965-521-057-7.
{{cite map}}: Check|isbn=value: checksum (help) - ^ Esther Levinson, ed. (1994). Statistical Yearbook for the Negev, #1 1993. Beersheba, Israel: Mi UMa Tikshoret Mekomit. pp. p. 73.
{{cite book}}:|pages=has extra text (help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) Template:He icon - ^ a b Bar Sadeh, Eliezer (2007-05-31). "Arad - Metropoline". HaTzvi Arad. Retrieved 2008-03-15. Template:He icon
- ^ Riskin, Anat. "The Arad Central Bus Station". HaTzvi Arad. Retrieved 2007-11-30. Template:He icon
- ^ "Official Website". Egged Bus Cooperative. Retrieved 2008-10-14. Template:He icon
- ^ "Official Website". Metropoline. Retrieved 2008-10-14. Template:He icon
- ^ Duak, Sharon (2007-06-28). "Arad - Israel Railways Stops at Lehavim". HaTzvi Arad. Retrieved 2008-03-15. Template:He icon
- ^ "Sister Cities - The City Diplomacy of Burlington, Vermont". Retrieved 2008-06-12.
- ^ "Sister Cities of Wilmington, Inc. - Background". Retrieved 2008-06-12.
- ^ "Dinslaken-Arad (translated by Google)". Dinslaken-Arad.de. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
