Scroll and Key: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→‎Membership: Added content
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
Undid revision 1207438703 by 201.162.233.96 (talk)
(94 intermediate revisions by 61 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Secret society at Yale University, US}}
{{Other uses|Skull and crossbones (disambiguation)}}
{{use mdy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox organization
{{Infobox fraternity
| name = Scroll and Key
| name = Scroll and Key
| native_name =
| former_name =
| image = File:Yale-scroll-and-key.jpg
| image_border =
| size = <!-- default 200px -->
| alt = <!-- alt text; see [[WP:ALT]] -->
| alt = <!-- alt text; see [[WP:ALT]] -->
| caption = Scroll and Key Tomb
| caption = Scroll and Key Tomb
| map =
| abbreviation =
| map_size = <!-- map size, optional, default 250px -->
| motto =
| map_alt = <!-- map alt text -->
| type = Senior [[Secret society]]
| map_caption =
| location =
| map2 =
| slogan =
| abbreviation =
| motto =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| formation = 1842 <!-- {{Start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| founder = <!-- or | founders = -->
| extinction = <!-- {{End date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| merger =
| merged =
| type = [[Secret society]]
| status = <!-- ad hoc, treaty, foundation, etc -->
| purpose = <!-- focus as e.g. humanitarian, peacekeeping, etc -->
| professional_title = <!-- for professional associations -->
| headquarters = [[Yale University]]
| location = [[New Haven, Connecticut]], [[United States]]
| coords = <!-- Coordinates of location using {{Coord}} -->
| region_served = [[United States]]
| services =
| membership =
| language = [[English language|English]]
| general = <!-- Secretary General -->
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 =
| leader_name3 =
| leader_title4 =
| leader_name4 =
| board_of_directors =
| key_people =
| main_organ = <!-- gral. assembly, board of directors, etc -->
| parent_organization =
| subsidiaries =
| affiliations =
| budget =
| num_staff =
| num_volunteers =
| slogan =
| website = <!-- {{url|example.com}}-->
| website = <!-- {{url|example.com}}-->
|crest=Yale-scroll-and-key.jpg|city=[[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]]|state=[[Connecticut]]|country=United States|birthplace=[[Yale University]]|scope=Local|chapters=1|founded=1842|address=484 College Street|ZIP code=06511}}
| remarks =
| footnotes =
}}


The '''Scroll and Key Society''' is a [[Collegiate secret societies in North America|secret society]], founded in 1842 at [[Yale University]], in [[New Haven, Connecticut]]. It is the second oldest Yale secret society. Each spring the society admits fifteen rising seniors to participate in its activities and carry on its traditions.
The '''Scroll and Key Society''' is a [[Collegiate secret societies in North America|secret society]], founded in 1842 at [[Yale University]], in [[New Haven, Connecticut]]. It is one of the oldest [[Collegiate secret societies in North America#Yale University|Yale secret societies]] and reputedly the wealthiest.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/yales-wealthiest-secret-societies-2016-11|title=7 of Yale's super-elite secret societies ranked by wealth|last=Jackson|first=Abby|website=Business Insider|access-date=2019-02-24}}</ref> The society is one of the reputed "Big Three" societies at Yale, along with [[Skull and Bones]] and [[Wolf's Head (secret society)|Wolf's Head]].<ref>{{Cite Power Broker}}</ref> Each spring the society admits fifteen rising [[Senior (education)#Higher education|seniors]] to participate in its activities and carry on its traditions.


==History==
==History==
Scroll and Key was established by [[John Addison Porter]], with aid from several members of the Class of 1842 (including [[Leonard Case Jr.]] and [[Theodore Runyon]]) and a member of the Class of 1843 (William L. Kingsley), after disputes over elections to [[Skull and Bones Society]]. Kingsley is the namesake of the alumni organization, the Kingsley Trust Association (KTA), incorporated years after its founding.
[[File:Yale Scroll and Key Facade with gate and forecourt.JPG|thumb|Facade displaying Moorish gate and patterned forecourt.]]
[[File:Scroll and Key 1866 delegation Yale College.jpg|thumb|left|Members of the 1866 delegation]]
Scroll and Key was established by [[John Addison Porter]], with aid from several members of the Class of 1842 and a member of the Class of 1843, William L. Kingsley, after disputes over elections to [[Skull and Bones Society]]. Kingsley is the namesake of the alumni organization, the Kingsley Trust Association (KTA), incorporated years after the founding. The society is one of the reputed "Big Three" societies at Yale, along with Skull and Bones and [[Wolf's Head (secret society)|Wolf's Head Society]].<ref>[[Robert Caro|Caro, Robert]]. ''[[The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York]]''. [[Alfred A. Knopf]], New York, 1974. p. 38. ISBN 0-394-48076-7</ref>
Lyman Hotchkiss Bagg wrote that "up until as recent a date as 1860, Keys had great difficulty in making up its crowd, rarely being able to secure the full fifteen upon the night of giving out its elections." However, the society was on the upswing: "the old order of things, however, has recently come to an end, and Keys is now in possession of a hall far superior...not only to Bones hall, but to any college-society hall in America."<ref>''Four years at Yale''. Lyman Hotchkiss Bagg, C.C. Chatfield & Co, 1871. p. 158.</ref>


In addition to financing its activities, Scroll and Key has made significant donations to Yale over the years. The [[John Addison Porter#John Addison Porter Prize|John Addison Porter Prize]], awarded annually since 1872, and in 1917 the endowment for the founding of the [[Yale University Press]], which has funded the publication of The Yale [[Shakespeare]] and sponsored the [[Yale Younger Poets Series]], are gifts from "Keys".
Lyman Hotchkiss Bagg wrote that "up until as recent a date as 1860, Keys had great difficulty in making up its crowd, rarely being able to secure the full fifteen upon the night of giving out its elections." However, the society was on the upswing: "the old order of things, however, has recently come to an end, and Keys is now in possession of a hall far superior...not only to Bones hall, but to any college-society hall in America."<ref>''Four years at Yale''. Lyman Hotchkiss Bagg, C.C. Chatfield & co, 1871. p. 158.</ref>

==Gifts to Yale==
In addition to financing its own activities, "Keys" has made significant donations to Yale over the years. The [[John Addison Porter#John Addison Porter Prize|John Addison Porter Prize]], awarded annually since 1872, and in 1917 the endowment for the founding of the [[Yale University Press]], which has funded the publication of The Yale [[Shakespeare]] and sponsored the [[Yale Younger Poets Series]], are gifts from Keys. The society has also endowed a number of professorships and continues to fund multiple undergraduate prizes for students of Yale College.<ref>[http://archive.is/20121203151718/http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/02_04/old_yale.html Yale Alumni Magazine: John Hay Whitney (Old Yale, Apr. 2002)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.yale.edu/opa/arc-ybc/v29.n26/story2.html Yale Bulletin and Calendar<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.yale.edu/secretary/prizes/departmental.html Yale University | Office of the Secretary<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


==Traditions==
==Traditions==
[[File:Scroll and Key Pin.jpg|thumb|125px|left|Society pin]]
[[File:Scroll and Key Pin.jpg|thumb|Society pin]]
* At the close of Thursday and Sunday sessions, members are known to sing the "[[Troubadour]]" song on the front steps of the Society's hall, a remnant of the tradition of public singing at Yale.<ref>''Collision at Home Plate: The Lives of Pete Rose and Bart Giamatti''. [[James Reston]], U of Nebraska Press, 1997. p. 41. ISBN 0-8032-8964-2</ref><ref>''Four years at Yale''. Lyman Hotchkiss Bagg, C.C. Chatfield & co, 1871. p. 163.</ref> The song (written in the 1820s by [[Thomas Haynes Bayly]]) was recorded by [[Tennessee Ernie Ford]] on his 1956 album, "This Lusty Land", as "Gaily the Troubador".
* At the close of Thursday and Sunday sessions, members are known to sing the "[[Troubadour]]" song on the front steps of the Society's hall, a remnant of the tradition of public singing at Yale.<ref>''Collision at Home Plate: The Lives of Pete Rose and Bart Giamatti''. [[James Reston]], U of Nebraska Press, 1997. p. 41. {{ISBN|0-8032-8964-2}}</ref><ref>''Four years at Yale''. Lyman Hotchkiss Bagg, C.C. Chatfield & Co, 1871. p. 163.</ref> The song (written in the 1820s by [[Thomas Haynes Bayly]]) was recorded by [[Tennessee Ernie Ford]] on his 1956 album, ''This Lusty Land'', as "Gaily the Troubador".
* In keeping with the practice of adopting secret letters or symbols such as [[Skull and Bones]]' "322," [[Manuscript Society|Manuscript]]'s "344," and the Pundits' "T.B.I.Y.T.B," Scroll and Key is known to use the letters "C.S.P.,C.C.J.".<ref name="Yale. Lyman Hotchkiss Bagg 1871. p. 157">''Four years at Yale''. Lyman Hotchkiss Bagg, C.C. Chatfield & co, 1871. p. 157.</ref>
* In keeping with the practice of adopting secret letters or symbols such as [[Skull and Bones]]' "322," [[Manuscript Society|Manuscript]]'s "344," and [[The_Pundits|the Pundits]]' "T.B.I.Y.T.B," Scroll and Key is known to use the letters "C.S.P. and C.C.J."<ref name="Yale. Lyman Hotchkiss Bagg 1871. p. 157">''Four years at Yale''. Lyman Hotchkiss Bagg, C.C. Chatfield & Co, 1871. p. 157.</ref>
* Members of the society sign letters to each other "YiT", as opposed to Skull and Bones' "yours in 322".<ref name="Yale. Lyman Hotchkiss Bagg 1871. p. 157"/>
* Members of the society sign letters to each other "YiT", as opposed to Skull and Bones' "yours in 322".<ref name="Yale. Lyman Hotchkiss Bagg 1871. p. 157" />
* Outside of its tap-related activities, the society has been known to hold two major annual events called "Z Session"<ref name="Yale. Lyman Hotchkiss Bagg 1871. p. 157"/>
* Outside of its [[Collegiate secret societies in North America#Tapping|tap]]-related activities, the society has been known to hold two major annual events called "Z Session".<ref name="Yale. Lyman Hotchkiss Bagg 1871. p. 157" />


==Membership==
== Architecture ==
[[File:Scroll and Key 1866 delegation Yale College.jpg|thumb|Members of the 1866 delegation, Scroll and Key]]
[[File:Secret Society Buildings New Haven.jpg|thumb|Building, pre-expansion building (bottom) ]] [[File:Old Scroll and Key.jpg|thumb|right|Building during its expansion, 1901]]
The society's "building" was designed in the [[Moorish Revival]] style by [[Richard Morris Hunt]] and constructed in 1870.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://conserve-art.com/scroll-and-key-tomb/|title = Scroll and Key Tomb|date = June 8, 2013}}</ref> A later expansion was completed in 1901. Architectural historian Patrick Pinnell includes an in-depth discussion of Keys' building in his 1999 history of Yale's campus, relating the then-notable cost overruns associated with the Keys structure and its aesthetic significance within the campus landscape. Pinnell's history shares the fact that the land was purchased from another Yale secret society, [[Berzelius (secret society)|Berzelius]] (at that time, a [[Sheffield Scientific School]] society). In 2002, the society underwent a major construction project rumored to involve an aquarium beneath the society.{{Citation needed|date=November 2022}}
Scroll and Key taps annually a delegation of fifteen, composed of men and women of the junior class, to serve the following year. Membership is offered to a diverse group of highly accomplished juniors, specifically those who have “achieved in any field, academic, extra-curricular, or personal.”<ref>[http://digital.library.yale.edu/cdm/document.php?CISOROOT=/yale-ydn&CISOPTR=16213&REC=7 Yale University Library Digital Collections : Compound Object Viewer<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Delegations frequently include editors of the ''[[Yale Daily News]]'' and other publications, artists and musicians, social and political activists, athletes of distinction, entrepreneurs, and high achieving scholars.<ref>http://www.ivygateblog.com/?s=scroll+and+key, see membership lists</ref><ref>A cross-reference with recent members (available on IvyGateBlog.com and in print issues of the Yale Rumpus) and scholarship winners will indicate the high number of Scroll and Key members</ref> Keys has long been the society of choice of [[Mayflower]] descendants among the undergraduate student body.<ref>[http://www.newhavenregister.com/articles/2012/09/30/news/doc506781894f9d8546029977.txt]</ref>


Regarding its distinctive appearance, Pinnell noted that "19th-century artists' studios commonly had exotic orientalia lying about to suggest that the painter was sophisticated, well traveled, and in touch with mysterious powers; Hunt's Scroll and Key is one instance in which the trope got turned into a building."<ref name="Pinnell1">{{cite book|last=Pinnell|first=Patrick|title=The Campus Guide: Yale University|publisher=Princeton Architectural Press|year=1999|pages=125|isbn=978-1-56898-167-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=alnup81pmkAC&q=patrick+pinnell+yale+anthony&pg=PA123|access-date=2008-11-10}}</ref> Later, undergraduates described the building as a "striped zebra Billiard Hall" in a supplement to a Yale yearbook.<ref>Andrews, John.''History of the Founding of [[Wolf's Head (secret society)|Wolf's Head]]'',pg. 56, Lancaster Press, 1934</ref> More recently, it has been described by an undergraduate publication as being "the nicest building in all of New Haven.".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://yaleherald.com/bullblog/francos-little-place-in-new-haven-where-will-it-be-fun-study-break-poll//|title=Franco's "little place in New Haven": where will it be? [POLL]|publisher=yaleherald.com|date=May 6, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032808/http://yaleherald.com/bullblog/francos-little-place-in-new-haven-where-will-it-be-fun-study-break-poll//|access-date=2011-02-13|archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref>
[[Mark Twain]] is an honorary member, under the auspices [[Joseph Twichell]].<ref>Mark Twain's Letters, Volume 2, 1867 - 1868, [[University of California Press]], editors Harriet E. Smith, Richatd Bucci and Lin Salamo, pg. 281</ref> Lea Winter is also a member. But it's a secret. Shhhh.


== Architecture ==
== Membership ==
Scroll and Key taps annually a delegation of fifteen, composed of men and women of the junior class, to serve the following year. Membership is offered to a diverse group of highly accomplished juniors, specifically those who have "achieved in any field, academic, extra-curricular, or personal."<ref>[http://digital.library.yale.edu/cdm/document.php?CISOROOT=/yale-ydn&CISOPTR=16213&REC=7 Yale University Library Digital Collections: Compound Object Viewer<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430150719/http://digital.library.yale.edu/cdm/document.php?CISOROOT=%2Fyale-ydn&CISOPTR=16213&REC=7|date=2011-04-30}}</ref> Delegations frequently include editors of the ''[[Yale Daily News]]'' and other publications, artists and musicians, social and political activists, athletes of distinction, entrepreneurs, and high achieving scholars.<ref>http://www.ivygateblog.com/?s=scroll+and+key, see membership lists</ref><ref>A cross-reference with recent members (available on IvyGateBlog.com and in print issues of the Yale Rumpus) and scholarship winners will indicate the high number of Scroll and Key members</ref>
[[File:Secret Society Buildings New Haven.jpg|thumb|left|Secret Society Buildings New Haven, the original building is pictured at the bottom and has since been expanded.]][[File:Old Scroll and Key.jpg|thumb|right|The building in 1901 during its expansion]]
The society's "building" was designed in the [[Moorish Revival]] style by [[Richard Morris Hunt]] and constructed in 1869. A later expansion was completed in 1901. Architectural historian Patrick Pinnell includes an in-depth discussion of Keys' building in his 1999 history of Yale's campus, relating the then-notable cost overruns associated with the Keys structure and its aesthetic significance within the campus landscape. Pinnell's history shares the fact that the land was purchased from another Yale secret society, [[Berzelius (secret society)|Berzelius]] (at that time, a [[Sheffield Scientific School]] society).


[[Mark Twain]] is an honorary member, under the auspices of [[Joseph Twichell]], Yale College Class of 1859.<ref>Mark Twain's Letters, Volume 2, 1867–1868, [[University of California Press]], editors Harriet E. Smith, Richard Bucci and Lin Salamo, pg. 281</ref>
Regarding its distinctive appearance, Pinnell noted that "19th century artists' studios commonly had exotic orientalia lying about to suggest that the painter was sophisticated, well traveled, and in touch with mysterious powers; Hunt's Scroll and Key is one instance in which the trope got turned into a building."<ref name="Pinnell1">{{cite book|last=Pinnell|first=Patrick|title=The Campus Guide: Yale University|publisher=Princeton Architectural Press|year=1999|pages=125|isbn=9781568981673|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=alnup81pmkAC&pg=PA123&lpg=PA123&dq=patrick+pinnell+yale+anthony|accessdate=2008-11-10}}</ref> Later, undergraduates described the building as a "striped zebra Billiard Hall" in a supplement to a Yale Yearbook.<ref>Andrews, John.''History of the Founding of [[Wolf's Head (secret society)|Wolf's Head]]'',pg. 56, Lancaster Press, 1934</ref> More recently, it has described by an undergraduate publication as being "the nicest building in all of New Haven.".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://yaleherald.com/thebullblog/francos-little-place-in-new-haven-where-will-it-be-fun-study-break-poll/|title=Franco’s "little place in New Haven": where will it be? [POLL]|publisher=yaleherald.com|date=May 6, 2010|accessdate=2011-02-13}}</ref>


== Notable members ==
== Notable members ==
[[File:Dean Acheson.jpg|thumb|left|Dean Acheson, former [[U.S. Secretary of State]] and member of the 1915 delegation.]]
[[File:Dean Acheson.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Dean Acheson]]]]
[[File:Fareed Zakaria on January 28, 2011.jpg|thumb|left|[[Fareed Zakaria]], a prominent writer and commentator about politics and foreign affairs, was a member of the delegation of 1986.]]
[[File:Fareed Zakaria on January 28, 2011.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Fareed Zakaria]]]]
[[File:Sargent Shriver 1961.jpg|thumb|left|[[Sargent Shriver]], the American statesman and activist, was a member of the delegation of 1938.]]
[[File:Sargent Shriver 1961.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Sargent Shriver]]]]
[[File:Coleporter.jpg|thumb|left|Famed American composer and songwriter [[Cole Porter]] was a member of the Society in 1913.]]
[[File:Coleporter.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Cole Porter]] ]]
[[File:CalvinTrillin.jpg|thumb|left|American journalist, humorist, food writer, poet, memoirist and novelist [[Calvin Trillin]].]]
[[File:CalvinTrillin.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Calvin Trillin]]]]
[[File:HarveyCushing.JPG|thumb|left|[[Harvey Cushing]], the "father of modern neurosurgery" and member of the delegation of 1891.]]
[[File:HarveyCushing.JPG|thumb|upright|[[Harvey Cushing]]]]
[[File:GarryTrudeau.jpg|thumb|left|[[Garry Trudeau]], [[Doonesbury]] Cartoonist, Scroll and Key class of 1970.]]
[[File:GarryTrudeau.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Garry Trudeau]]]]


{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;width:auto;"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left; width:auto"
|-
|-
!Name!!Yale Class!!Known for
!Name!!Yale class!!Notability
!References
|-
|-
|[[Leonard Case Jr.]] || 1842 || Founder of [[Case Western Reserve University|Case School of Applied Science]], later [[Case Western Reserve University]]
|<ref name="history1942">{{cite book |last=Giamatti |first=A. Bartlett |title=History of Scroll and Key, 1942–1972 |publisher=The Scroll and Key Society |year=1978}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Theodore Runyon]] || 1842 || Envoy and Ambassador to Germany; Battle of Bull Run
|[[Cord Meyer, Jr.]] ||1943|| Central Intelligence Agency; United World Federalists<ref name="history1942">{{cite book|last=Giamatti|first=A. Bartlett|title=History of Scroll and Key, 1942-1972|publisher=The Scroll and Key Society|year=1978}}</ref>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Carter Harrison, Sr.|Carter Henry Harrison]] || 1845 || Mayor of Chicago and U.S. Representative
|[[Frank Polk]] ||1894|| Davis Polk & Wardwell; (acting) Secretary of State, managed conclusion to World War I<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Homer Sprague]]
|[[Dean Acheson]] ||1915|| 51st Secretary of State<ref name="history1942"/>
|1852
|President of the [[University of North Dakota]]
|
|-
|-
|[[Randall L. Gibson]] || 1853 || U.S. Senator, Confederate Brigadier-General, and president of [[Tulane University]]
|[[Cyrus Vance]] ||1939|| 57th Secretary of State; Secretary of the Army; Chairman, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[George Shiras Jr.]] || 1853 || [[U.S. Supreme Court Justice]]
|[[Theodore Runyon]] ||1842|| Envoy, then Ambassador, Germany; Battle of Bull Run<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[John Dalzell]] || 1865 || U.S. Congress
|[[Sargent Shriver]] ||1938|| Peace Corps; 1972 Democratic Vice-Presidential Candidate, [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]]<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[George Bird Grinnell]] || 1870 || Anthropologist, historian, naturalist, and writer
|[[Allen Wardwell]] ||1895|| Russian War Relief, [[Davis Polk & Wardwell]]; [[Bank of New York]]; Vice-President, American-Russian Chamber of Commerce.<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Taliaferro |first1=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UxF1DwAAQBAJ&q=grinnell+scroll+and+key&pg=PT64 |title=Grinnell: America's Environmental Pioneer and His Restless Drive to Save the West |date=2019-06-04 |publisher=Liveright |isbn=978-1-63149-014-9}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Edward Salisbury Dana]] || 1871 || American mineralogist
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Fred Dubois]] || 1872 || U.S. Senator
|[[John Enders]] ||1919|| shared 1954 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Henry deForest]] || 1876 || [[Southern Pacific Railroad]]
|[[William C. Bullitt]] ||1912|| US Ambassador, France, '36-'41, first US Ambassador, Soviet Russia, '33-'36.<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Gilbert Colgate]] || 1883 || President and Chairman of Colgate & Co.
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Huntington D. Sheldon]] ||1925|| Central Intelligence Agency; Director of the Office of Current Intelligence; President, Petroleum Corporation of America.<ref name="history1942"/>
|[[George Edgar Vincent]] || 1885 || President of the [[University of Minnesota]]; President of the [[Rockefeller Foundation]]
|<ref name="time1">{{cite news |author=HP-Time.com Monday, May. 31, 1926 |date=May 31, 1926 |title=Wedlock&nbsp;— TIME |publisher=Time.com |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,729273-6,00.html |url-status=dead |access-date=2008-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071230102810/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,729273-6,00.html |archive-date=December 30, 2007}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[James Gamble Rogers]] || 1889 || [[architecture|architect]], designed many of Yale's buildings
|[[Warren Zimmermann]] ||1956|| US Ambassador, Yugoslavia, 1989–1992; author of book about the causes of Yugoslavia's dissolution.<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="time1" />
|-
|-
|[[Herbert Parsons (New York politician)|Herbert Parsons]] || 1890 || U.S. Congress
|[[Roscoe S. Suddarth]] ||1956|| President, Middle East Institute; US Ambassador to Jordan; American Iranian Council.<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Harvey Cushing]] || 1891 || Neurosurgeon, considered father of brain surgery
|[[Lewis Sheldon]] ||1895|| US Peace Commission, Paris Peace Conference, 1918; Olympic medalist, track and field.<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="time1" />
|-
|-
|[[William Nelson Runyon]] || 1892 || Acting Governor of New Jersey
|[[Raymond R. Guest]] ||1931|| US Ambassador, Ireland; Special Assistant to Secretary of Defense, 1945–47; horse breeder; [[polo]] Hall of fame.<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Frank Polk]] || 1894 || Secretary of State, [[Davis Polk & Wardwell]], managed the conclusion to [[World War I]]
|[[Thomas Enders]] ||1953|| Ambassador, Spain '83-'86, Assistant Sec. of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs, Ambassador to the European Union '79-'81, Ambassador to Canada, '76-'79; Salomon Brothers<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Allen Wardwell]] || 1895 || [[Davis Polk & Wardwell]]; [[Bank of New York]]; Vice-President of the American-Russian Chamber of Commerce
|[[A. Bartlett Giamatti]]||1960||19th Yale University president; [[National League]] president, [[MLB]] Commissioner<ref name="nytimes1">{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9503EEDC1338E633A25752C2A9639C946496D6CF |title=YALE'S GREAT OAK SEES 'TAP DAY' AGAIN; Senior Societies Return to the ... - Article Preview&nbsp;— The New York Times |publisher=Query.nytimes.com |date= 1915-05-21|accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Lewis Sheldon]] || 1895 || [[Paris Peace Conference]], Olympic medalist
|[[Paul Mellon]]||1929||philanthropist<ref name="nytimes1"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Cornelius Vanderbilt III]] || 1895 || Brigadier General in the U.S. Army during the World War I
|[[Robert R. McCormick]] ||1903|| ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''; [[Kirkland & Ellis]]<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="time1" />
|-
|-
|[[William Adams Delano]] || 1895 || architect; designed many of Yale's buildings
|[[Henry deForest]] ||1876||Southern Pacific Railroad<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Joseph Medill McCormick]] || 1900 || U.S. Senate and publisher of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''
|[[Fareed Zakaria]] ||1986||Editor, Newsweek International and host of CNN show, Former Yale Corporation Member (Resigned 2012)
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Joseph Medill Patterson|Joseph M. Patterson]] || 1901 || Founder of the ''[[New York Daily News]]''; manager of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''
|[[J. Peter Grace]] ||1936||[[W. R. Grace]] & Co.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allbusiness.com/government/government-bodies-offices-heads/7119633-1.html |title=J. Peter Grace&nbsp;— Business Executive, leading Catholic layman, Advisor to three U.S. Presidents&nbsp;— dies at age 81. &#124; Government > Government Bodies & Offices from AllBusiness.com |publisher=Allbusiness.com |date= |accessdate=2008-10-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108111053/http://www.allbusiness.com/government/government-bodies-offices-heads/7119633-1.html |archivedate=8 January 2009 }}</ref>
|<ref name="time1" />
|-
|-
|[[Robert R. McCormick]] || 1903 || ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''; [[Kirkland & Ellis]]<ref name="history1942" />
|[[Cornelius Vanderbilt III]] ||1895|| Brigadier General in the U.S. Army during the First World War<ref name="time1">{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,729273-6,00.html |title=Wedlock&nbsp;— TIME |publisher=Time.com |author=HP-Time.com Monday, May. 31, 1926 |date=May 31, 1926 |accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[James C. Auchincloss]] || 1908 || U.S. Congress, Governor of the NYSE., US Military Intelligence World War I
|[[James Stillman Rockefeller]]||1924||President and Chairman, The First National [[City Bank of New York]]; Olympic gold medal for crew<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[William C. Bullitt]] || 1912 || Ambassador to France, Ambassador to the Soviet Russia
|[[Brewster Jennings]] ||1920||Founder and President of the [[Mobil|Socony Mobil Oil Company Standard Oil of New York]]; president, Memorial Center for Cancer and Allied Diseases and Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Mortimer R. Proctor]] || 1912 || Governor of Vermont
|[[Gilbert Colgate]] ||1883|| President and Chairman of Colgate & Co.<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Cole Porter]] || 1913 || Entertainer, songwriter
|[[Benjamin Brewster (financier)|Benjamin Brewster]] ||1929||Director, Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey (later Exxon).<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="robbins1">{{cite book |last=Robbins |first=Alexandra |url=https://archive.org/details/secretsoftombsku00robb |title=Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power |publisher=Back Bay Books |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-316-73561-2 |url-access=registration}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Dean Acheson]] || 1915 || 51st Secretary of State
|[[Seymour H. Knox I|Seymour H. Knox]] ||1920|| American retailer, F. W. Woolworth Company.<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Wayne Chatfield-Taylor]] || 1916 || President, Export-Import Bank; Undersecretary of Commerce; Assistant Secretary of the Treasury
|[[Donald R. McLennan]] ||1931||Founder and Chairman, insurance brokerage firm Marsh & McLennan<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="nytimes1">{{cite news |date=1915-05-21 |title=Yale's Great Oak Sees 'Tap Day' Again |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1915/05/21/archives/yales-great-oak-sees-tap-day-again-senior-societies-return-to-the.html |access-date=2008-10-17}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Dickinson W. Richards]] || 1917 || [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]
|[[Stone Phillips]] ||1977|| Dateline NBC<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Ethan A. H. Shepley]] || 1918 || Chancellor of [[Washington University in St. Louis]]
|[[Peter H. Dominick]] ||1937|| US Senator 1962-1974 (Colorado); US Congressman, 1960–1962; US Ambassador, Switzerland.<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[John Enders]] || 1919 || [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]
|[[Gideon Rose]] ||1985|| Foreign Affairs<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Brewster Jennings]] || 1920 || Founder and president of the [[Mobil|Socony Mobil Oil Company Standard Oil of New York]]
|[[Philip B. Heymann]] ||1954|| Watergate Special Prosecutor, Deputy US Attorney General; Professor, Harvard Law School.<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Seymour H. Knox I|Seymour H. Knox]] || 1920 || American retailer, [[F. W. Woolworth Company]]
|[[Joseph M. Patterson]] ||1901||Founder, ''[[New York Daily News]]''; manager, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''<ref name="time1"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Richardson Dilworth]] || 1921 || Mayor of [[Philadelphia]]
|[[George Edgar Vincent]] ||1885|| President of the [[University of Minnesota]]; President of the [[Rockefeller Foundation]]<ref name="time1"/>
|<ref name="times2">{{cite news |date=May 20, 1921 |title=Tap Day Exercises are held at Yale |newspaper=New York Times |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1921/05/20/98691396.pdf |access-date=2008-11-10}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[William Hawks]] || 1923 || Film producer
|[[Ethan A. H. Shepley]] ||1918|| Chancellor, Washington University in St. Louis.<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref>{{cite news |date=18 May 1923 |title=Yale 'Tap Day' Brings Honors to Rowing Men |page=9 |newspaper=New York Tribune |location=New York, N.Y.}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[James Stillman Rockefeller]] || 1924 || President and chairman, The First National [[City Bank of New York]]; Olympic gold medal
|[[Robert D. Orr]] ||1940|| Governor of Indiana; US Ambassador, Singapore.<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Huntington D. Sheldon]] || 1925 || Central Intelligence Agency; President of the Petroleum Corporation of America
|[[Joseph Medill McCormick]] ||1900|| U.S. Senate '19-'24, Publisher, Chicago Tribune.<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Newbold Morris]] || 1925 || New York lawyer and politician
|[[James C. Auchincloss]], ||1908|| Representative, US Congress 1943-1965, Governor of the NYSE., US Military Intelligence World War I.<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Benjamin Spock]] || 1925 || Pediatrician, author, and Olympic gold medalist
|[[Herbert Parsons (New York politician)|Herbert Parsons]] ||1890||US Congress '04-'10; leading supporter of League of Nations.<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="nytimes1" />
|-
|-
|[[John Hay Whitney]] || 1926 || [[U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom]], publisher of [[New York Herald Tribune]]
|[[Fred Dubois]] ||1872|| First US Senator from Idaho 1891-1897, resigned, re-elected 1901-1907; Opponent of gold standard; Engineered statehood for Idaho.<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref>{{cite web |date=May 2002 |title=Yale Alumni Magazine: John Hay Whitney |url=http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/02_04/old_yale.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230124108/http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/02_04/old_yale.html |archive-date=2010-12-30 |access-date=2011-02-13 |publisher=Yale Alumni Publications inc.}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Frederic A. Potts]] || 1926 || Chairman, [[Philadelphia National Bank]]; New Jersey Senate
|[[Richardson Dilworth]]||1921||Mayor of [[Philadelphia]] 1955-1962.<ref name="times2">{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9A0CE4DE1F3FEE3ABC4851DFB366838A639EDE|title=Tap Day Exercises are held at Yale|date=May 20, 1921|publisher=New York Times|accessdate=2008-11-10 | format=PDF}}</ref>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Paul Mellon]] || 1929 || Philanthropist
|[[John Hay Whitney]]||1926|| [[U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom]], publisher of the [[New York Herald Tribune]], major philanthropist to [[Yale University]], and during his college years coined the phrase "[[crew cut]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/02_04/old_yale.html|title=Yale Alumni Magazine: John Hay Whitney|date=May 2002|publisher=Yale Alumni Publications inc.|accessdate=2011-02-13}}</ref>
|<ref name="nytimes1" />
|-
|-
|[[Benjamin Brewster (financier)|Benjamin Brewster]] || 1929 || Director, Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey (later Exxon)
|[[Frederick B. Dent]] ||1944||US Secretary of Commerce.<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Raymond R. Guest]] || 1931 || U.S. Ambassador to Ireland; Special Assistant to Secretary of Defense
|[[John Dalzell]] ||1865|| US Congress<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Donald R. McLennan]] || 1931 || Founder and chairman, insurance brokerage firm [[Marsh McLennan]]
|[[Wayne Chatfield-Taylor]] ||1916|| President, Export-Import Bank; Undersecretary of Commerce; Assistant Secretary of the Treasury.<ref name="nytimes1" />
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Robert F. Wagner, Jr.]] || 1933 || [[Mayor of New York City]]
|[[William Nelson Runyon]] ||1892|| acting Governor of New Jersey (May 1919 - Jan 1920)<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="New York Times">{{cite news |date=October 11, 1948 |title=Mary A. Harrison, Lawyers Fiance. Vassar Graduate Will Be Bride of John V. Lindsay, Former Lieutenant in the Navy |pages=29 |newspaper=New York Times |url=https://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=FA0A17F8355F167B93C3A8178BD95F4C8485F9 |access-date=December 12, 2011}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[J. Peter Grace]] || 1936 || [[W. R. Grace]] & Co.
|[[Newbold Morris]] ||1925|| New York lawyer and politician<ref name="history1942"/>
|
|-
|-
|[[Peter H. Dominick]] || 1937 || U.S. Senator, U.S. Congressman, U.S. Ambassador to Switzerland
|[[Randall L. Gibson]] ||1853|| US Senator 1883-1892 (Louisiana); US Representative, 1872–1882; Brigadier-General in the Confederate States Army; President, Tulane University.<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref>{{cite web |title=J. Peter Grace&nbsp;— Business Executive, leading Catholic layman, Advisor to three U.S. Presidents&nbsp;— dies at age 81. &#124; Government > Government Bodies & Offices from AllBusiness.com |url=http://www.allbusiness.com/government/government-bodies-offices-heads/7119633-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108111053/http://www.allbusiness.com/government/government-bodies-offices-heads/7119633-1.html |archive-date=8 January 2009 |access-date=2008-10-17 |publisher=Allbusiness.com}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Sargent Shriver]] || 1938 || [[Peace Corps]]; Vice-Presidential Candidate, [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]]
|[[Mortimer R. Proctor]] ||1912|| Governor of Vermont, 1945–47.<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Cyrus Vance]] || 1939 || Secretary of State; Secretary of the Army; Chairman, [[Federal Reserve Bank of New York]]
|[[Frederic A. Potts]] ||1926|| Chairman, Philadelphia National Bank; New Jersey Senate; Republican candidate, New Jersey Governor<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Robert D. Orr]] || 1940 || [[Governor of Indiana]]; U.S. Ambassador to Singapore
|[[Carter Harrison, Sr.|Carter Henry Harrison]] ||1845|| Mayor of Chicago, five terms 1879-93; US Representative, 1875–79; cousin of President William Henry Harrison.<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[George Shiras Jr.]] ||1853|| U.S. Supreme Court Justice<ref name="history1942"/>
|[[Cord Meyer, Jr.]] || 1943 || [[Central Intelligence Agency]]; [[United World Federalists]]
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[George Roy Hill]] || 1943 || [[Academy Award for Directing]] ''[[The Sting]]''
|[[Harvey Cushing]] ||1891|| Neurosurgeon considered father of brain surgery<ref name="time1"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Frederick B. Dent]] || 1944 || [[U.S. Secretary of Commerce]]
|[[Dickinson W. Richards]] ||1917|| 1956 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[John Vliet Lindsay]] || 1944 || [[Mayor of New York City]], Congressman from New York City
|[[Benjamin Spock]] ||1925|| Baby & Child Care<ref name="nytimes1"/>
|<ref name="New York Times" />
|-
|-
|[[Thomas Enders]] || 1953 || Ambassador to Spain, Ambassador to European Union, Ambassador to Canada
|[[Edward Salisbury Dana]] ||1871|| American mineralogist.<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Philip B. Heymann]] || 1954 || [[Watergate scandal|Watergate]] Special Prosecutor, Deputy U.S. Attorney General; professor at Harvard Law School
|[[George Roy Hill]] ||1943|| 1974 Academy Award for Directing, The Sting<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Warren Zimmermann]] || 1956 || U.S. Ambassador to Yugoslavia, author
|[[Cole Porter]] ||1913|| entertainer, song writer<ref name="robbins1">{{cite book|last=Robbins|first=Alexandra|title=Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power|publisher=Back Bay Books|year=2002|isbn=978-0316735612}}</ref>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Roscoe S. Suddarth]] || 1956 || President of the [[Middle East Institute]]; U.S. Ambassador to Jordan
|[[James Gamble Rogers]] ||1889||[[collegiate Gothic]] [[architecture]], favored [[architect]] of [[Edward Harkness]] and designed many of Yale's buildings<ref name="time1"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Calvin Trillin]] || 1957 || writer
|[[Garry Trudeau]]||1970||[[Doonesbury]] Cartoonist<ref name="nytimes1"/>
|<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=8zS-KSreMQ0C&dq=%22Calvin+Trillin%22+%22scroll+and+key%22&pg=PA223 Remembering Denny – Google Books<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|-
|-
|[[A. Bartlett Giamatti]] || 1960 || Yale University president; [[National League (baseball)|National League]] president, [[MLB]] Commissioner
|[[Dahlia Lithwick]] ||1990|| Editor at [[Newsweek]] and [[Slate]]<ref name="webcache.googleusercontent.com">http://web.archive.org/web/20071009201128/http://www.ctrl.org/boodleboys/boodleboysgphx/Scroll_&_Key.xls</ref>
|<ref name="nytimes1" />
|-
|-
|[[Peter Beard]] || 1961 ||
|[[Ari Shapiro]] ||2000|| Co-host of All Things Considered for [[National Public Radio]]<ref name="webcache.googleusercontent.com"/>
Photographer
|
|-
|-
|[[Garry Trudeau]] || 1970 || [[Doonesbury]] cartoonist
|[[William Adams Delano]] ||1895|| Award-winning Architect; designed many of Yale buildings.<ref name="history1942"/>
|<ref name="nytimes1" />
|-
|-
|[[Stone Phillips]] || 1977 || [[Dateline NBC]]
|[[Calvin Trillin]] ||1957|| American writer<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=8zS-KSreMQ0C&pg=PA223&lpg=PA223&dq=%22Calvin+Trillin%22+%22scroll+and+key%22&source=bl&ots=ahMoYBsWHX&sig=xE_PyxU0A2Ol9N_Yi9SlSiogcfM&hl=en&ei=LygDTIKoEM3llwf5q6j1Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CEIQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q&f=false Remembering Denny - Google Books<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Rick E. Lawrence]] || 1977 || Associate Justice of the [[Maine Supreme Judicial Court]]
|[[John Vliet Lindsay]] ||1944||103rd Mayor of New York City 1966-1973<br>Congressman from New York City 1959-1965.<ref name="New York Times">{{cite news|url=https://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=FA0A17F8355F167B93C3A8178BD95F4C8485F9|title=Mary A. Harrison, Lawyers Fiance. Vassar Graduate Will Be Bride of John V. Lindsay, Former Lieutenant in the Navy|date=October 11, 1948 |work=New York Times|pages=29|accessdate=December 12, 2011}}</ref>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|-
|[[Gideon Rose]] || 1985 || Foreign Affairs
|[[Robert F. Wagner, Jr.]] ||1933||102nd Mayor of New York City 1954-1965<br>assembly person from New York City 1937-1941.<ref name="New York Times"/>
|<ref name="history1942" />
|-
|[[Fareed Zakaria]] || 1986 || editor of ''[[Newsweek]]'' and host of [[CNN]] show
|
|-
|[[Dave Baseggio]] || 1989 || Director of Professional Scouting for the [[Seattle Kraken]]
|
|-
|[[Dahlia Lithwick]] || 1990 || Editor at ''[[Newsweek]]'' and [[Slate (magazine)|''Slate'']]
|<ref name="Indeterminate">{{cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ctrl.org/boodleboys/boodleboysgphx/Scroll_%26_Key.xls |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009201128/http://www.ctrl.org/boodleboys/boodleboysgphx/Scroll_%26_Key.xls |archive-date=9 October 2007 |access-date=15 January 2022 |website=www.ctrl.org}}</ref>
|-
|[[Jeannie Rhee]] || 1994 || Special Council member for the Obstruction of Justice Investigation
|<ref>"Jeannie Rhee". Diversity Journal. Retrieved 2018-01-19, January 30, 2019</ref>
|-
|[[Alexandra Robbins]] || 1998 || Journalist
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Skull & Bones: The Secret Society That Unites John Kerry and President Bush<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/0122-10.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012033559/http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/0122-10.htm |archive-date=2007-10-12 |access-date=2007-10-12}}</ref>
|-
|[[Ari Shapiro]] || 2000 || Co-host of ''[[All Things Considered]]'' for [[National Public Radio]]
|<ref name="Indeterminate" />
|}
|}


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Collegiate secret societies in North America]]
* [[Collegiate secret societies in North America]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Scroll And Key}}

[[Category:Collegiate secret societies]]
[[Category:Secret societies at Yale]]
[[Category:Secret societies at Yale]]
[[Category:1842 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:1842 establishments in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Student organizations established in 1842]]
[[Category:Student organizations established in 1842]]
[[Category:Secret societies in the United States]]

Revision as of 07:37, 17 February 2024

Scroll and Key
Scroll and Key Tomb
Founded1842
Yale University
TypeSenior Secret society
ScopeLocal
Chapters1
Headquarters484 College Street
New Haven, Connecticut 06511
United States

The Scroll and Key Society is a secret society, founded in 1842 at Yale University, in New Haven, Connecticut. It is one of the oldest Yale secret societies and reputedly the wealthiest.[1] The society is one of the reputed "Big Three" societies at Yale, along with Skull and Bones and Wolf's Head.[2] Each spring the society admits fifteen rising seniors to participate in its activities and carry on its traditions.

History

Scroll and Key was established by John Addison Porter, with aid from several members of the Class of 1842 (including Leonard Case Jr. and Theodore Runyon) and a member of the Class of 1843 (William L. Kingsley), after disputes over elections to Skull and Bones Society. Kingsley is the namesake of the alumni organization, the Kingsley Trust Association (KTA), incorporated years after its founding.

Members of the 1866 delegation

Lyman Hotchkiss Bagg wrote that "up until as recent a date as 1860, Keys had great difficulty in making up its crowd, rarely being able to secure the full fifteen upon the night of giving out its elections." However, the society was on the upswing: "the old order of things, however, has recently come to an end, and Keys is now in possession of a hall far superior...not only to Bones hall, but to any college-society hall in America."[3]

In addition to financing its activities, Scroll and Key has made significant donations to Yale over the years. The John Addison Porter Prize, awarded annually since 1872, and in 1917 the endowment for the founding of the Yale University Press, which has funded the publication of The Yale Shakespeare and sponsored the Yale Younger Poets Series, are gifts from "Keys".

Traditions

Society pin
  • At the close of Thursday and Sunday sessions, members are known to sing the "Troubadour" song on the front steps of the Society's hall, a remnant of the tradition of public singing at Yale.[4][5] The song (written in the 1820s by Thomas Haynes Bayly) was recorded by Tennessee Ernie Ford on his 1956 album, This Lusty Land, as "Gaily the Troubador".
  • In keeping with the practice of adopting secret letters or symbols such as Skull and Bones' "322," Manuscript's "344," and the Pundits' "T.B.I.Y.T.B," Scroll and Key is known to use the letters "C.S.P. and C.C.J."[6]
  • Members of the society sign letters to each other "YiT", as opposed to Skull and Bones' "yours in 322".[6]
  • Outside of its tap-related activities, the society has been known to hold two major annual events called "Z Session".[6]

Architecture

Building, pre-expansion building (bottom)
Building during its expansion, 1901

The society's "building" was designed in the Moorish Revival style by Richard Morris Hunt and constructed in 1870.[7] A later expansion was completed in 1901. Architectural historian Patrick Pinnell includes an in-depth discussion of Keys' building in his 1999 history of Yale's campus, relating the then-notable cost overruns associated with the Keys structure and its aesthetic significance within the campus landscape. Pinnell's history shares the fact that the land was purchased from another Yale secret society, Berzelius (at that time, a Sheffield Scientific School society). In 2002, the society underwent a major construction project rumored to involve an aquarium beneath the society.[citation needed]

Regarding its distinctive appearance, Pinnell noted that "19th-century artists' studios commonly had exotic orientalia lying about to suggest that the painter was sophisticated, well traveled, and in touch with mysterious powers; Hunt's Scroll and Key is one instance in which the trope got turned into a building."[8] Later, undergraduates described the building as a "striped zebra Billiard Hall" in a supplement to a Yale yearbook.[9] More recently, it has been described by an undergraduate publication as being "the nicest building in all of New Haven.".[10]

Membership

Scroll and Key taps annually a delegation of fifteen, composed of men and women of the junior class, to serve the following year. Membership is offered to a diverse group of highly accomplished juniors, specifically those who have "achieved in any field, academic, extra-curricular, or personal."[11] Delegations frequently include editors of the Yale Daily News and other publications, artists and musicians, social and political activists, athletes of distinction, entrepreneurs, and high achieving scholars.[12][13]

Mark Twain is an honorary member, under the auspices of Joseph Twichell, Yale College Class of 1859.[14]

Notable members

Dean Acheson
Fareed Zakaria
Sargent Shriver
Cole Porter
Calvin Trillin
Harvey Cushing
Garry Trudeau
Name Yale class Notability References
Leonard Case Jr. 1842 Founder of Case School of Applied Science, later Case Western Reserve University [15]
Theodore Runyon 1842 Envoy and Ambassador to Germany; Battle of Bull Run [15]
Carter Henry Harrison 1845 Mayor of Chicago and U.S. Representative [15]
Homer Sprague 1852 President of the University of North Dakota
Randall L. Gibson 1853 U.S. Senator, Confederate Brigadier-General, and president of Tulane University [15]
George Shiras Jr. 1853 U.S. Supreme Court Justice [15]
John Dalzell 1865 U.S. Congress [15]
George Bird Grinnell 1870 Anthropologist, historian, naturalist, and writer [16]
Edward Salisbury Dana 1871 American mineralogist [15]
Fred Dubois 1872 U.S. Senator [15]
Henry deForest 1876 Southern Pacific Railroad [15]
Gilbert Colgate 1883 President and Chairman of Colgate & Co. [15]
George Edgar Vincent 1885 President of the University of Minnesota; President of the Rockefeller Foundation [17]
James Gamble Rogers 1889 architect, designed many of Yale's buildings [17]
Herbert Parsons 1890 U.S. Congress [15]
Harvey Cushing 1891 Neurosurgeon, considered father of brain surgery [17]
William Nelson Runyon 1892 Acting Governor of New Jersey [15]
Frank Polk 1894 Secretary of State, Davis Polk & Wardwell, managed the conclusion to World War I [15]
Allen Wardwell 1895 Davis Polk & Wardwell; Bank of New York; Vice-President of the American-Russian Chamber of Commerce [15]
Lewis Sheldon 1895 Paris Peace Conference, Olympic medalist [15]
Cornelius Vanderbilt III 1895 Brigadier General in the U.S. Army during the World War I [17]
William Adams Delano 1895 architect; designed many of Yale's buildings [15]
Joseph Medill McCormick 1900 U.S. Senate and publisher of the Chicago Tribune [15]
Joseph M. Patterson 1901 Founder of the New York Daily News; manager of the Chicago Tribune [17]
Robert R. McCormick 1903 Chicago Tribune; Kirkland & Ellis[15] [15]
James C. Auchincloss 1908 U.S. Congress, Governor of the NYSE., US Military Intelligence World War I [15]
William C. Bullitt 1912 Ambassador to France, Ambassador to the Soviet Russia [15]
Mortimer R. Proctor 1912 Governor of Vermont [15]
Cole Porter 1913 Entertainer, songwriter [18]
Dean Acheson 1915 51st Secretary of State [15]
Wayne Chatfield-Taylor 1916 President, Export-Import Bank; Undersecretary of Commerce; Assistant Secretary of the Treasury [19]
Dickinson W. Richards 1917 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine [15]
Ethan A. H. Shepley 1918 Chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis [15]
John Enders 1919 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine [15]
Brewster Jennings 1920 Founder and president of the Socony Mobil Oil Company Standard Oil of New York [15]
Seymour H. Knox 1920 American retailer, F. W. Woolworth Company [15]
Richardson Dilworth 1921 Mayor of Philadelphia [20]
William Hawks 1923 Film producer [21]
James Stillman Rockefeller 1924 President and chairman, The First National City Bank of New York; Olympic gold medal [15]
Huntington D. Sheldon 1925 Central Intelligence Agency; President of the Petroleum Corporation of America [15]
Newbold Morris 1925 New York lawyer and politician [15]
Benjamin Spock 1925 Pediatrician, author, and Olympic gold medalist [19]
John Hay Whitney 1926 U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom, publisher of New York Herald Tribune [22]
Frederic A. Potts 1926 Chairman, Philadelphia National Bank; New Jersey Senate [15]
Paul Mellon 1929 Philanthropist [19]
Benjamin Brewster 1929 Director, Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey (later Exxon) [15]
Raymond R. Guest 1931 U.S. Ambassador to Ireland; Special Assistant to Secretary of Defense [15]
Donald R. McLennan 1931 Founder and chairman, insurance brokerage firm Marsh McLennan [15]
Robert F. Wagner, Jr. 1933 Mayor of New York City [23]
J. Peter Grace 1936 W. R. Grace & Co.
Peter H. Dominick 1937 U.S. Senator, U.S. Congressman, U.S. Ambassador to Switzerland [24]
Sargent Shriver 1938 Peace Corps; Vice-Presidential Candidate, Presidential Medal of Freedom [15]
Cyrus Vance 1939 Secretary of State; Secretary of the Army; Chairman, Federal Reserve Bank of New York [15]
Robert D. Orr 1940 Governor of Indiana; U.S. Ambassador to Singapore [15]
Cord Meyer, Jr. 1943 Central Intelligence Agency; United World Federalists [15]
George Roy Hill 1943 Academy Award for Directing The Sting [15]
Frederick B. Dent 1944 U.S. Secretary of Commerce [15]
John Vliet Lindsay 1944 Mayor of New York City, Congressman from New York City [23]
Thomas Enders 1953 Ambassador to Spain, Ambassador to European Union, Ambassador to Canada [15]
Philip B. Heymann 1954 Watergate Special Prosecutor, Deputy U.S. Attorney General; professor at Harvard Law School [15]
Warren Zimmermann 1956 U.S. Ambassador to Yugoslavia, author [15]
Roscoe S. Suddarth 1956 President of the Middle East Institute; U.S. Ambassador to Jordan [15]
Calvin Trillin 1957 writer [25]
A. Bartlett Giamatti 1960 Yale University president; National League president, MLB Commissioner [19]
Peter Beard 1961

Photographer

Garry Trudeau 1970 Doonesbury cartoonist [19]
Stone Phillips 1977 Dateline NBC [15]
Rick E. Lawrence 1977 Associate Justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court [15]
Gideon Rose 1985 Foreign Affairs [15]
Fareed Zakaria 1986 editor of Newsweek and host of CNN show
Dave Baseggio 1989 Director of Professional Scouting for the Seattle Kraken
Dahlia Lithwick 1990 Editor at Newsweek and Slate [26]
Jeannie Rhee 1994 Special Council member for the Obstruction of Justice Investigation [27]
Alexandra Robbins 1998 Journalist [28]
Ari Shapiro 2000 Co-host of All Things Considered for National Public Radio [26]

See also

References

  1. ^ Jackson, Abby. "7 of Yale's super-elite secret societies ranked by wealth". Business Insider. Retrieved February 24, 2019.
  2. ^ Caro, Robert (1974). The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York. New York: Knopf. ISBN 978-0-394-48076-3. OCLC 834874.
  3. ^ Four years at Yale. Lyman Hotchkiss Bagg, C.C. Chatfield & Co, 1871. p. 158.
  4. ^ Collision at Home Plate: The Lives of Pete Rose and Bart Giamatti. James Reston, U of Nebraska Press, 1997. p. 41. ISBN 0-8032-8964-2
  5. ^ Four years at Yale. Lyman Hotchkiss Bagg, C.C. Chatfield & Co, 1871. p. 163.
  6. ^ a b c Four years at Yale. Lyman Hotchkiss Bagg, C.C. Chatfield & Co, 1871. p. 157.
  7. ^ "Scroll and Key Tomb". June 8, 2013.
  8. ^ Pinnell, Patrick (1999). The Campus Guide: Yale University. Princeton Architectural Press. p. 125. ISBN 978-1-56898-167-3. Retrieved November 10, 2008.
  9. ^ Andrews, John.History of the Founding of Wolf's Head,pg. 56, Lancaster Press, 1934
  10. ^ "Franco's "little place in New Haven": where will it be? [POLL]". yaleherald.com. May 6, 2010. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2011.
  11. ^ Yale University Library Digital Collections: Compound Object Viewer Archived 2011-04-30 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ http://www.ivygateblog.com/?s=scroll+and+key, see membership lists
  13. ^ A cross-reference with recent members (available on IvyGateBlog.com and in print issues of the Yale Rumpus) and scholarship winners will indicate the high number of Scroll and Key members
  14. ^ Mark Twain's Letters, Volume 2, 1867–1868, University of California Press, editors Harriet E. Smith, Richard Bucci and Lin Salamo, pg. 281
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av Giamatti, A. Bartlett (1978). History of Scroll and Key, 1942–1972. The Scroll and Key Society.
  16. ^ Taliaferro, John (June 4, 2019). Grinnell: America's Environmental Pioneer and His Restless Drive to Save the West. Liveright. ISBN 978-1-63149-014-9.
  17. ^ a b c d e HP-Time.com Monday, May. 31, 1926 (May 31, 1926). "Wedlock — TIME". Time.com. Archived from the original on December 30, 2007. Retrieved October 17, 2008.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Back Bay Books. ISBN 978-0-316-73561-2.
  19. ^ a b c d e "Yale's Great Oak Sees 'Tap Day' Again". The New York Times. May 21, 1915. Retrieved October 17, 2008.
  20. ^ "Tap Day Exercises are held at Yale" (PDF). New York Times. May 20, 1921. Retrieved November 10, 2008.
  21. ^ "Yale 'Tap Day' Brings Honors to Rowing Men". New York Tribune. New York, N.Y. May 18, 1923. p. 9.
  22. ^ "Yale Alumni Magazine: John Hay Whitney". Yale Alumni Publications inc. May 2002. Archived from the original on December 30, 2010. Retrieved February 13, 2011.
  23. ^ a b "Mary A. Harrison, Lawyers Fiance. Vassar Graduate Will Be Bride of John V. Lindsay, Former Lieutenant in the Navy". New York Times. October 11, 1948. p. 29. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
  24. ^ "J. Peter Grace — Business Executive, leading Catholic layman, Advisor to three U.S. Presidents — dies at age 81. | Government > Government Bodies & Offices from AllBusiness.com". Allbusiness.com. Archived from the original on January 8, 2009. Retrieved October 17, 2008.
  25. ^ Remembering Denny – Google Books
  26. ^ a b "Archived copy". www.ctrl.org. Archived from the original on October 9, 2007. Retrieved January 15, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  27. ^ "Jeannie Rhee". Diversity Journal. Retrieved 2018-01-19, January 30, 2019
  28. ^ "Skull & Bones: The Secret Society That Unites John Kerry and President Bush". Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved October 12, 2007.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scroll_and_Key&oldid=1208374810"