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{{short description|Museum in Glasgow, Scotland}}
{{For|the museum in London|Hunterian Museum (London)}}
{{For|the museum in London|Hunterian Museum (London)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Use Scottish English|date=May 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2017}}{{Infobox museum
| name = Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery
[[File:GlasgowHunterianMuseum2017.jpg|thumb|Hunterian Museum.]]
| image = Hunterian Museum, main hall.jpg
The [[University of Glasgow]]'s '''Hunterian''' is the oldest museum in Scotland. It covers the '''Hunterian Museum''', the '''Hunterian Art Gallery''', the Mackintosh House, the Zoology Museum and the Anatomy Museum, all located in various buildings on the main campus of the University in the west end of [[Glasgow]].
| caption = Main hall of the Hunterian Museum
| map_type = UK Scotland
| established = 1807
| type = Museum and Art Gallery
| website = https://www.gla.ac.uk/hunterian/
}}

'''The Hunterian''' is a complex of museums located in and operated by the [[University of Glasgow]] in [[Glasgow|Glasgow, Scotland]]. It is the oldest museum in Scotland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=University of Glasgow - The Hunterian - About Us - History|url=https://www.gla.ac.uk/hunterian/about/history/#:~:text=The%20Hunterian%20opened%20its%20doors,his%20collections,%20opened%20in%201807.|access-date=2021-02-26|website=www.gla.ac.uk}}</ref> It covers the '''Hunterian Museum''', the '''Hunterian Art Gallery''', the Mackintosh House, the Zoology Museum and the Anatomy Museum, which are all located in various buildings on the main campus of the university in the west end of Glasgow.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Venues |url=https://www.gla.ac.uk/hunterian/visit/ourvenues/#d.en.511102 |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=The Hunterian}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
[[File:William Hunter (anatomist).jpg|thumb|[[William Hunter (anatomist)|William Hunter]] (1718–1783), anatomist and collector.]]
[[File:William Hunter (anatomist).jpg|thumb|[[William Hunter (anatomist)|William Hunter]] (1718–1783), anatomist and collector.]]
In 1783, [[William Hunter (anatomist)|William Hunter]] [[bequeathed]] his substantial and varied collections to the University of Glasgow. (Hunter, writing to Dr William Cullen) They were "to be well and carefully packed up and safely conveyed to Glasgow and delivered to the Principal and Faculty of the College of Glasgow to whom I give and bequeath the same to be kept and preserved by them and their successors for ever... in such sort, way, manner and form as ... shall seem most fit and most conducive to the improvement of the students of the said University of Glasgow."{{citation needed|date=September 2010}}
In 1783, [[William Hunter (anatomist)|William Hunter]], a Scottish anatomist and physician who studied at the [[University of Glasgow]], died in [[London]]. His will stipulated that his substantial and varied collections should be donated to the University of Glasgow. Hunter, writing to William Cullen, stated that they were "to be well and carefully packed up and safely conveyed to Glasgow and delivered to the Principal and Faculty of the College of Glasgow to whom I give and bequeath the same to be kept and preserved by them and their successors for ever... in such sort, way, manner and form as ... shall seem most fit and most conducive to the improvement of the students of the said University of Glasgow."{{citation needed|date=September 2010}}

⚫
The museum first opened in 1807, in a specially constructed building off the High Street,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/details/1220518 |title=View of the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow |website=[[Canmore (database)|Canmore]] |accessdate=18 December 2017}}</ref> adjoining the original campus of the University.<ref>{{cite book |title=William Hunter and the Hunterian Museum in Glasgow |first=Lawrence |last=Keppie |year=2007 |location=Edinburgh |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-0-74862-805-6}}</ref> For this, Hunter ensured funds for its building and design by architect [[ William Stark (architect)|William Stark]]<ref>''Building Knowledge: an Architectural History of the University of Glasgow'' by Nick Hayes, 2013</ref> through his three trustees namely his nephew Matthew Baillie, his Scottish lawyer Robert Barclay of [[Capelrig House]] and John Millar cousin of Dr [[William Cullen]] <ref>William Hunter:and the Anatomy of the Modern Museum, ter-centenary exhibition at the University of Glasgow, 2018</ref> When the University moved west to its new site at [[Gilmorehill]] (to escape crowding and pollution in the city centre) the museum moved too. In 1870, the Hunterian collections were transferred to the University’s present site and assigned halls in Sir [[George Gilbert Scott]]'s neo-Gothic building.


⚫
As well as Hunter's medical collections, which arose from his own work, Hunter collected widely, often assisted by his many royal and aristocratic patrons. He and his agents scoured Europe for coins, minerals, paintings and prints, ethnographic materials, books and manuscripts, as well as insects and other biological specimens. Hunter's eclectic bequest forms the core of the collections, but have grown considerably, and now include some of the most important collections of work by artists such as [[Charles Rennie Mackintosh]] and [[James McNeill Whistler]], as well as superb geological, zoological, anatomical, archaeological, ethnographic and scientific instrument collections.<ref>Campbell, Mungo and Nathan Flis, with the assistance of María Dolores Sánchez-Jáuregui (eds.) (2018). ''William Hunter and the Anatomy of the Modern Museum.'' New Haven, Yale Center for British Art.</ref>
⚫
At first the entire collection was housed together, and displayed in the packed conditions common in museums of that time, but significant sections were later moved away to other parts of the University. The Zoological collections are now housed within the Graham Kerr Building, the art collections in The Hunterian Art Gallery, and Hunter's library containing some 10,000 printed books and 650 manuscripts, finally received in 1807, in [[Glasgow University Library]]. The University`s Librarian Professor Lockhart Muirhead became the first Keeper of the Hunterian Museum in 1823.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.friendsofgul.org |title=The University of Glasgow Library: Friendly Shelves |year=2016 |location=Glasgow |publisher=The Friends of Glasgow University Library |isbn=978-0-99351-850-8}}</ref> Hunter’s anatomical collections are housed in the Allen Thomson Building, and his pathological preparations at the Royal Infirmary, Glasgow.


⚫
The museum first opened in 1807 in a specially constructed building off the High Street,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/details/1220518 |title=View of the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow |website=[[Canmore (database)|Canmore]] |access-date=18 December 2017}}</ref> adjoining the original campus of the university.<ref>{{cite book |title=William Hunter and the Hunterian Museum in Glasgow |first=Lawrence |last=Keppie |year=2007 |location=Edinburgh |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-0-74862-805-6}}</ref> For this, Hunter ensured funds for its building and design by architect [[William Stark (architect)|William Stark]]<ref>''Building Knowledge: an Architectural History of the University of Glasgow'' by Nick Hayes, 2013</ref> through his three trustees: his nephew Matthew Baillie; his Scottish lawyer Robert Barclay of [[Capelrig House]]; and John Millar, cousin of [[William Cullen]].<ref>William Hunter:and the Anatomy of the Modern Museum, ter-centenary exhibition at the University of Glasgow, 2018</ref> When the university moved west to its new site at [[Gilmorehill]] (to escape crowding and pollution in the city centre), the museum moved too. In 1870, the Hunterian collections were transferred to the university's present site and assigned halls in [[Sir George Gilbert Scott]]'s neo-Gothic building.
⚫
The money to build the museum, and the core of its original collections, came from the bequest of the Scottish [[anatomist]] and scientist [[William Hunter (anatomist)|William Hunter]], who died in [[London]] in 1783. As well as his medical collections, which arose from his own work, Hunter collected very widely, often assisted by his many royal and aristocratic patrons. He and his agents scoured Europe for coins, minerals, paintings and prints, ethnographic materials, books and manuscripts, as well as insects and other biological specimens. Hunter's eclectic bequest forms the core of the collections, but have grown considerably, and now include some of the most important collections of work by artists such as [[Charles Rennie Mackintosh]] and [[James McNeill Whistler]], as well as superb geological, zoological, anatomical, archaeological, ethnographic and scientific instrument collections.


⚫
At first, the entire collection was housed together and displayed in the packed conditions common in museums of that time, but significant sections were later moved away to other parts of the university. The Zoological collections are now housed within the Graham Kerr Building, the art collections in The Hunterian Art Gallery, and Hunter's library containing some 10,000 printed books and 650 manuscripts, finally received in 1807, in [[Glasgow University Library]]. Lady [[Shep-en-hor]]'s coffin and possible mummy were donated to the museum in 1820 by Joshua Heywood.<ref name="potter">{{cite web |url=https://www.nms.ac.uk/media/1161834/ancient-egyptian-collections-in-scottish-museums-1.pdf |title=Ancient Egyptian Collections in Scottish Museums |last=Potter |first=Daniel M |website=nms.ac.uk|publisher= National Museums scotland |access-date=29 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="Jones">{{cite journal |last1=Jones |first1=M |date=1979 |title=The coffin of the Lady Shepenhor in the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44811063 |journal=Glasgow Archaeological Journal |volume=6 |issue= |pages=56–62 |access-date=29 April 2022}}</ref> The university's Librarian Professor Lockhart Muirhead became the first Keeper of the Hunterian Museum in 1823.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.friendsofgul.org |title=The University of Glasgow Library: Friendly Shelves |year=2016 |location=Glasgow |publisher=The Friends of Glasgow University Library |isbn=978-0-99351-850-8 |access-date=18 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009022151/https://friendsofgul.org/ |archive-date=9 October 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hunter's anatomical collections are housed in the Allen Thomson Building and his pathological preparations at the Royal Infirmary, Glasgow.
The Hunterian Museum re-opened in September 2011 featuring a new permanent gallery devoted to the Romans in Scotland and new opening hours of 10:00–5:00 Tuesday to Saturday, 11:00–4:00 Sundays and closed Monday.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hunterian.gla.ac.uk/visit/openinghours/ |title=The Hunterian |website=University of Glasgow |date= |accessdate=21 February 2016}}</ref>


==Notable Curators==
==Notable Curators==
Line 21: Line 28:
*[[Robert Arnot Staig]] c.1905 to c.1945
*[[Robert Arnot Staig]] c.1905 to c.1945
*[[William Smellie (geologist)]]
*[[William Smellie (geologist)]]
*[[John Young (1823–1900)]], from 1859<ref name="MacGregor">{{cite journal |last1=M . |first1=MacGregor |author-link1=Murray Macgregor |title=V I . — The Geological Society of Glasgow : 1858 - 1958 |journal=Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow |volume=23 |pages=134–152}}</ref>
*[[John Young (professor of natural history)]] (1835&ndash;1902), from 1866 to 1902<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://universitystory.gla.ac.uk/biography/?id=WH2096&type=P |title = University of Glasgow :: Story :: Biography of John Young}}</ref>


==The museum and gallery's current facilities==
==The museum and gallery's current facilities==
[[File:Hunterian Museum, main hall.jpg|thumb|Hunterian Museum, main hall]]

===Hunterian Museum===
===Hunterian Museum===


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[[File:The Antonine Wall, Rome's final frontier, the Hunterian Museum..JPG|thumb|The Antonine Wall, Rome's final frontier, the Hunterian Museum.]]
[[File:The Antonine Wall, Rome's final frontier, the Hunterian Museum..JPG|thumb|The Antonine Wall, Rome's final frontier, the Hunterian Museum.]]


The museum contains many donated collections, such as the Begg Collection of fossils donated by [[James Livingstone Begg]] in the 1940s.<ref>{{cite book |last=Haines |first=Catharine M. C. |title=International Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary to 1950 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HftdjMNDvwIC&pg=PA79&lpg=PA79&dq=james+livingstone+begg&source=bl&ots=cgZzNnS_eW&sig=b-6AtWrOdoC9UIOAAD_GbRc7ytQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4IYdVejkMYbn7gaH04GgBg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=james%20livingstone%20begg&f=false |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-57607-090-1 |page=79 |accessdate=21 February 2016}}</ref>
The museum contains many donated collections, such as the Begg Collection of fossils donated by [[James Livingstone Begg]] in the 1940s.<ref>{{cite book |last=Haines |first=Catharine M. C. |title=International Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary to 1950 |url=https://archive.org/details/internationalwom00hain |url-access=registration |quote=james livingstone begg. |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-57607-090-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/internationalwom00hain/page/79 79] |access-date=21 February 2016}}</ref>


The museum contains a high number of scientific instruments owned by or created by Lord Kelvin and other 19th century instrument makers.
The museum contains a high number of scientific instruments owned by or created by [[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin|Lord Kelvin]] and other 19th century instrument makers.


In September 2016 the new Hunterian Collections and Study Centre, embracing the full range and activities of the Museum and the Art Gallery, opened in the transformed [[Kelvin Hall]] in Phase 1 of a partnership with [[Glasgow City Council]] [[Glasgow Life]] and the [[National Library of Scotland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kelvinhall.org.uk/ |title=Kelvin Hall |website=kelvinhall.org.uk |accessdate=18 December 2017}}</ref>
In September 2016, the new Hunterian Collections and Study Centre, embracing the full range and activities of the museum and the art gallery, opened in the transformed [[Kelvin Hall]] in Phase 1 of a partnership with [[Glasgow City Council]] [[Glasgow Life]] and the [[National Library of Scotland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kelvinhall.org.uk/ |title=Kelvin Hall |website=kelvinhall.org.uk |access-date=18 December 2017}}</ref>
[[File:The Lady Shepenhor, the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow University..JPG|thumb|The Lady Shepenhor, the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow University.]]
[[File:The Lady Shepenhor, the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow University..JPG|thumb|The Lady [[Shep-en-hor]], the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow University.]]
[[File:Various fossils on display at the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow..JPG|thumb|Various fossils on display at the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow.]]
[[File:Various fossils on display at the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow..JPG|thumb|Various fossils on display at the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow.]]


===Zoology Museum===
===Zoology Museum===
Most of the [[zoology]] collections, including those of William Hunter, are displayed in a separate museum within the Graham Kerr building, which also houses most of the University's zoological research and teaching. This is also open to the general public. The [[insect]] collections are particularly important and extensive, and are the feature of some excellent recent displays.
Most of the [[zoology]] collections, including those of William Hunter, are displayed in a separate museum within the Graham Kerr building, which also houses most of the university's zoological research and teaching. This is also open to the general public. The [[insect]] collections are particularly important and extensive, and have been the subject of exhibitions of note in the 2010s.


===Hunterian Art Gallery===
===Hunterian Art Gallery===
[[File:Robert Findlay by Peter Paillou.jpg|thumb|left|1807 painting in oils by [[Peter Paillou (the younger)]] of Professor of Divinity [[Robert Findlay (minister)|Robert Findlay]] (1721–1814). Hunterian Art Gallery.]]
[[File:Robert Findlay by Peter Paillou.jpg|thumb|left|1807 painting in oils by [[Peter Paillou (the younger)]] of Professor of Divinity [[Robert Findlay (minister)|Robert Findlay]] (1721–1814). Hunterian Art Gallery.]]
The Gallery is now housed in a modern, custom-built facility that is part of the extensive [[Glasgow University Library]] complex, designed by [[William Whitfield (architect)|William Whitfield]].<ref name=OI>{{cite web |title=Sir William Whitfield |url=http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803122322799 |website=Oxford Index |publisher=OUP |accessdate=30 November 2014}}</ref> This displays the University's extensive art collection, and features an outdoor sculpture garden. The [[bas relief]] aluminium doors to the Hunterian Gallery were designed by sculptor [[Eduardo Paolozzi]]. The gallery's collection includes a large number of the works of [[James McNeill Whistler]] and the majority of the watercolours of [[Charles Rennie Mackintosh]].
The Gallery is now housed in a modern, custom-built facility that is part of the extensive [[Glasgow University Library]] complex, designed by [[William Whitfield (architect)|William Whitfield]].<ref name=OI>{{cite web |title=Sir William Whitfield |url=http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803122322799 |website=Oxford Index |publisher=OUP |access-date=30 November 2014}}</ref> This displays the university's extensive art collection, and features an outdoor sculpture garden. The [[bas relief]] aluminium doors to the Hunterian Gallery were designed by sculptor [[Eduardo Paolozzi]]. The gallery's collection includes a large number of the works of [[James McNeill Whistler]] and the majority of the watercolours of [[Charles Rennie Mackintosh]].


The Hunterian Art Gallery reopened in September 2012 after a refurbishment, with an exhibition dedicated to [[Rembrandt]], ''Rembrandt and the Passion''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gla.ac.uk/hunterian/visit/openinghours/#d.en.190655 |title=The Hunterian – Opening hours |website=University of Glasgow |accessdate=31 January 2012}}</ref>
The Hunterian Art Gallery reopened in September 2012 after a refurbishment, with an exhibition dedicated to [[Rembrandt]], ''Rembrandt and the Passion''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gla.ac.uk/hunterian/visit/openinghours/#d.en.190655 |title=The Hunterian – Opening hours |website=University of Glasgow |access-date=31 January 2012}}</ref>

The gallery has held three major Mackintosh exhibitions: ''Architecture'' (2014),<ref>{{Cite web|title=University of Glasgow - The Hunterian - Visit - Exhibitions - Exhibition Archive - Mackintosh Architecture|url=https://www.gla.ac.uk/hunterian/visit/exhibitions/exhibitionarchive/mackintosharchitecture/#d.en.338370|access-date=2022-02-22|website=www.gla.ac.uk}}</ref> ''Travel Sketches'' (2015)<ref>{{Cite web|title=University of Glasgow - The Hunterian - Visit - Exhibitions - Exhibition Archive - Mackintosh Travel Sketches|url=https://www.gla.ac.uk/hunterian/visit/exhibitions/exhibitionarchive/mackintoshtravelsketches/#d.en.328777|access-date=2022-02-22|website=www.gla.ac.uk}}</ref> and ''Unbuilt'' (2018),<ref>{{Cite web|title=University of Glasgow - The Hunterian - Visit - Exhibitions - Exhibition Archive - Unbuilt Mackintosh|url=https://www.gla.ac.uk/hunterian/visit/exhibitions/exhibitionarchive/unbuiltmackintosh/#d.en.570929|access-date=2022-02-22|website=www.gla.ac.uk}}</ref> as well as two based on their Whistler collection ''Watercolours'' (2013)<ref>{{Cite web|title=University of Glasgow - The Hunterian - Visit - Exhibitions - Exhibition Archive - Whistler and Watercolour|url=https://www.gla.ac.uk/hunterian/visit/exhibitions/exhibitionarchive/whistlerandwatercolour/#d.en.287868|access-date=2022-02-22|website=www.gla.ac.uk}}</ref> and ''Art and Legacy'' (2021).<ref>{{Cite web|title=University of Glasgow - The Hunterian - Visit - Exhibitions - Exhibition Archive - Whistler: Art and Legacy|url=https://www.gla.ac.uk/hunterian/visit/exhibitions/exhibitionarchive/whistlerartandlegacy/|access-date=2022-02-22|website=www.gla.ac.uk}}</ref>


===The Mackintosh House===
===The Mackintosh House===
[[File:Hunterian Art Gallery.jpg|thumb|Mackintosh House, with Hunterian Art Gallery behind it.]]
[[File:Hunterian Art Gallery.jpg|thumb|Mackintosh House, with Hunterian Art Gallery behind it.]]
The Mackintosh House is a modern concrete building, part of the gallery-library complex. It stands on the site of one of two rows of terraced houses which were once sections of Hillhead Street and Southpark Avenue, demolished in the 1960s to make room for the University's expansion across the residential crown of Gilmorehill. One of the buildings lost, 78 Southpark Avenue, was formerly a home to Glasgow [[architect]] [[Charles Rennie Mackintosh]] (although Mackintosh himself did not design it) and his wife, the artist, [[Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh]]. The University rebuilt the form of the house (using modern materials) approximately 100 metres from the site of the original. Due to its displacement, one door now hangs precariously above a {{convert|20|ft|m|adj=on}} drop, the ground on what was once Hillhead Street having been radically excavated during the construction. ''The Mackintosh House'' features some of the original woodwork of the old terraced house, and features the meticulously reassembled interiors from Mackintosh's home.
''The Mackintosh House'' is a modern concrete building, part of the gallery-library complex. It stands on the site of one of two rows of terraced houses which were once sections of Hillhead Street and Southpark Avenue, demolished in the 1960s to make room for the university's expansion across the residential crown of Gilmorehill. One of the buildings lost, 78 Southpark Avenue, was (between 1906 and 1914) the home of Glasgow [[architect]] [[Charles Rennie Mackintosh]] (although Mackintosh himself did not design it) and his wife, the artist, [[Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh]].

The university rebuilt the form of the house (using modern materials) approximately 100 metres from the site of the original. Due to its displacement, the former front door is now located in the façade of the gallery, some 6m above the ground over Hillhead Street. ''The Mackintosh House'' comprises the principal interiors of the original house (including the dining room, studio-drawing room and bedroom), largely replicating the room layout of the old end-of-terrace building. It features the meticulously reassembled interiors from the Mackintoshes' home, including items of original furniture, fitments and decorations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gla.ac.uk/hunterian/collections/permanentdisplays/themackintoshhouse// |title=The Hunterian – The Mackintosh House |website=University of Glasgow |access-date=19 May 2019}}</ref> The exhibits strikingly demonstrate Charles Rennie Mackintosh's concept of the room as a work of art.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gla.ac.uk/hunterian/collections/collectionsummaries/art/themackintoshcollection/ |title=The Hunterian – The Mackintosh Collection |website=University of Glasgow |access-date=19 May 2019}}</ref>


==Other Hunterian museums==
==Other Hunterian museums==
William Hunter's brother [[John Hunter (surgeon)|John]], a [[surgery|surgeon]], also founded a museum; the [[London]] museum of the [[Royal College of Surgeons of England]], also known as the Hunterian Museum, is based on his collection. The museum displays thousands of anatomical specimens, including the [[Evelyn tables]] and the skeleton of the "Irish giant" [[Charles Byrne (human curiosity)|Charles Byrne]], and many surgical instruments. It underwent a major refurbishment in 2003 and 2004, creating a new "crystal" gallery of steel and glass.
William Hunter's brother [[John Hunter (surgeon)|John]], a surgeon, also founded a museum; the London museum of the [[Royal College of Surgeons of England]], also known as the Hunterian Museum, is based on his collection. The museum displays thousands of anatomical specimens, including the [[Evelyn tables]] and the skeleton of the "Irish giant" [[Charles Byrne (human curiosity)|Charles Byrne]], and many surgical instruments. It underwent a major refurbishment in 2003 and 2004, creating a new "crystal" gallery of steel and glass.


Both brothers were celebrated in the town of their birth, [[East Kilbride]], at the small [[Hunter House Museum]], lately closed due to budget cuts.
Both brothers were celebrated in the town of their birth, [[East Kilbride]], at the small [[Hunter House Museum]], later closed due to budget cuts.
{{-}}
{{Clear}}


==See also==
==See also==
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<!--covers both art and other fields-->

{{authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Hunterian Museum And Art Gallery}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hunterian Museum And Art Gallery}}
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[[Category:Science and technology in Glasgow]]
[[Category:Science and technology in Glasgow]]
[[Category:Museums of ancient Rome in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Museums of ancient Rome in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Museums of ancient Greece]]
[[Category:Museums of ancient Greece in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Egyptological collections in Scotland]]
[[Category:Egyptological collections in Scotland]]
[[Category:William Whitfield buildings]]
[[Category:William Whitfield (architect) buildings]]
[[Category:Hillhead]]
[[Category:Hillhead]]

Latest revision as of 23:51, 23 March 2024

For the museum in London, see Hunterian Museum (London).

Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery
Main hall of the Hunterian Museum
Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery is located in Scotland
Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery
Location within Scotland
Established1807
TypeMuseum and Art Gallery
Websitehttps://www.gla.ac.uk/hunterian/

The Hunterian is a complex of museums located in and operated by the University of Glasgow in Glasgow, Scotland. It is the oldest museum in Scotland.[1] It covers the Hunterian Museum, the Hunterian Art Gallery, the Mackintosh House, the Zoology Museum and the Anatomy Museum, which are all located in various buildings on the main campus of the university in the west end of Glasgow.[2]

History[edit]

William Hunter (1718–1783), anatomist and collector.

In 1783, William Hunter, a Scottish anatomist and physician who studied at the University of Glasgow, died in London. His will stipulated that his substantial and varied collections should be donated to the University of Glasgow. Hunter, writing to William Cullen, stated that they were "to be well and carefully packed up and safely conveyed to Glasgow and delivered to the Principal and Faculty of the College of Glasgow to whom I give and bequeath the same to be kept and preserved by them and their successors for ever... in such sort, way, manner and form as ... shall seem most fit and most conducive to the improvement of the students of the said University of Glasgow."[citation needed]

As well as Hunter's medical collections, which arose from his own work, Hunter collected widely, often assisted by his many royal and aristocratic patrons. He and his agents scoured Europe for coins, minerals, paintings and prints, ethnographic materials, books and manuscripts, as well as insects and other biological specimens. Hunter's eclectic bequest forms the core of the collections, but have grown considerably, and now include some of the most important collections of work by artists such as Charles Rennie Mackintosh and James McNeill Whistler, as well as superb geological, zoological, anatomical, archaeological, ethnographic and scientific instrument collections.[3]

The museum first opened in 1807 in a specially constructed building off the High Street,[4] adjoining the original campus of the university.[5] For this, Hunter ensured funds for its building and design by architect William Stark[6] through his three trustees: his nephew Matthew Baillie; his Scottish lawyer Robert Barclay of Capelrig House; and John Millar, cousin of William Cullen.[7] When the university moved west to its new site at Gilmorehill (to escape crowding and pollution in the city centre), the museum moved too. In 1870, the Hunterian collections were transferred to the university's present site and assigned halls in Sir George Gilbert Scott's neo-Gothic building.

At first, the entire collection was housed together and displayed in the packed conditions common in museums of that time, but significant sections were later moved away to other parts of the university. The Zoological collections are now housed within the Graham Kerr Building, the art collections in The Hunterian Art Gallery, and Hunter's library containing some 10,000 printed books and 650 manuscripts, finally received in 1807, in Glasgow University Library. Lady Shep-en-hor's coffin and possible mummy were donated to the museum in 1820 by Joshua Heywood.[8][9] The university's Librarian Professor Lockhart Muirhead became the first Keeper of the Hunterian Museum in 1823.[10] Hunter's anatomical collections are housed in the Allen Thomson Building and his pathological preparations at the Royal Infirmary, Glasgow.

Notable Curators[edit]

The museum and gallery's current facilities[edit]

Hunterian Museum[edit]

Housed in large halls in George Gilbert Scott's University buildings on Gilmorehill, the museum features extensive displays relating to William Hunter and his collections, Roman Scotland (especially the Antonine Wall), geology, ethnography, ancient Egypt, scientific instruments, coins and medals, and much more.

The Antonine Wall, Rome's final frontier, the Hunterian Museum.

The museum contains many donated collections, such as the Begg Collection of fossils donated by James Livingstone Begg in the 1940s.[13]

The museum contains a high number of scientific instruments owned by or created by Lord Kelvin and other 19th century instrument makers.

In September 2016, the new Hunterian Collections and Study Centre, embracing the full range and activities of the museum and the art gallery, opened in the transformed Kelvin Hall in Phase 1 of a partnership with Glasgow City Council Glasgow Life and the National Library of Scotland.[14]

The Lady Shep-en-hor, the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow University.
Various fossils on display at the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow.

Zoology Museum[edit]

Most of the zoology collections, including those of William Hunter, are displayed in a separate museum within the Graham Kerr building, which also houses most of the university's zoological research and teaching. This is also open to the general public. The insect collections are particularly important and extensive, and have been the subject of exhibitions of note in the 2010s.

Hunterian Art Gallery[edit]

1807 painting in oils by Peter Paillou (the younger) of Professor of Divinity Robert Findlay (1721–1814). Hunterian Art Gallery.

The Gallery is now housed in a modern, custom-built facility that is part of the extensive Glasgow University Library complex, designed by William Whitfield.[15] This displays the university's extensive art collection, and features an outdoor sculpture garden. The bas relief aluminium doors to the Hunterian Gallery were designed by sculptor Eduardo Paolozzi. The gallery's collection includes a large number of the works of James McNeill Whistler and the majority of the watercolours of Charles Rennie Mackintosh.

The Hunterian Art Gallery reopened in September 2012 after a refurbishment, with an exhibition dedicated to Rembrandt, Rembrandt and the Passion.[16]

The gallery has held three major Mackintosh exhibitions: Architecture (2014),[17] Travel Sketches (2015)[18] and Unbuilt (2018),[19] as well as two based on their Whistler collection Watercolours (2013)[20] and Art and Legacy (2021).[21]

The Mackintosh House[edit]

Mackintosh House, with Hunterian Art Gallery behind it.

The Mackintosh House is a modern concrete building, part of the gallery-library complex. It stands on the site of one of two rows of terraced houses which were once sections of Hillhead Street and Southpark Avenue, demolished in the 1960s to make room for the university's expansion across the residential crown of Gilmorehill. One of the buildings lost, 78 Southpark Avenue, was (between 1906 and 1914) the home of Glasgow architect Charles Rennie Mackintosh (although Mackintosh himself did not design it) and his wife, the artist, Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh.

The university rebuilt the form of the house (using modern materials) approximately 100 metres from the site of the original. Due to its displacement, the former front door is now located in the façade of the gallery, some 6m above the ground over Hillhead Street. The Mackintosh House comprises the principal interiors of the original house (including the dining room, studio-drawing room and bedroom), largely replicating the room layout of the old end-of-terrace building. It features the meticulously reassembled interiors from the Mackintoshes' home, including items of original furniture, fitments and decorations.[22] The exhibits strikingly demonstrate Charles Rennie Mackintosh's concept of the room as a work of art.[23]

Other Hunterian museums[edit]

William Hunter's brother John, a surgeon, also founded a museum; the London museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, also known as the Hunterian Museum, is based on his collection. The museum displays thousands of anatomical specimens, including the Evelyn tables and the skeleton of the "Irish giant" Charles Byrne, and many surgical instruments. It underwent a major refurbishment in 2003 and 2004, creating a new "crystal" gallery of steel and glass.

Both brothers were celebrated in the town of their birth, East Kilbride, at the small Hunter House Museum, later closed due to budget cuts.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "University of Glasgow - The Hunterian - About Us - History". www.gla.ac.uk. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
  2. ^ "Our Venues". The Hunterian. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  3. ^ Campbell, Mungo and Nathan Flis, with the assistance of María Dolores Sánchez-Jáuregui (eds.) (2018). William Hunter and the Anatomy of the Modern Museum. New Haven, Yale Center for British Art.
  4. ^ "View of the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow". Canmore. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  5. ^ Keppie, Lawrence (2007). William Hunter and the Hunterian Museum in Glasgow. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-74862-805-6.
  6. ^ Building Knowledge: an Architectural History of the University of Glasgow by Nick Hayes, 2013
  7. ^ William Hunter:and the Anatomy of the Modern Museum, ter-centenary exhibition at the University of Glasgow, 2018
  8. ^ Potter, Daniel M. "Ancient Egyptian Collections in Scottish Museums" (PDF). nms.ac.uk. National Museums scotland. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  9. ^ Jones, M (1979). "The coffin of the Lady Shepenhor in the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow". Glasgow Archaeological Journal. 6: 56–62. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  10. ^ The University of Glasgow Library: Friendly Shelves. Glasgow: The Friends of Glasgow University Library. 2016. ISBN 978-0-99351-850-8. Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  11. ^ M ., MacGregor. "V I . — The Geological Society of Glasgow : 1858 - 1958". Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow. 23: 134–152.
  12. ^ "University of Glasgow :: Story :: Biography of John Young".
  13. ^ Haines, Catharine M. C. (2001). International Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary to 1950. ABC-CLIO. p. 79. ISBN 978-1-57607-090-1. Retrieved 21 February 2016. james livingstone begg.
  14. ^ "Kelvin Hall". kelvinhall.org.uk. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  15. ^ "Sir William Whitfield". Oxford Index. OUP. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
  16. ^ "The Hunterian – Opening hours". University of Glasgow. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
  17. ^ "University of Glasgow - The Hunterian - Visit - Exhibitions - Exhibition Archive - Mackintosh Architecture". www.gla.ac.uk. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  18. ^ "University of Glasgow - The Hunterian - Visit - Exhibitions - Exhibition Archive - Mackintosh Travel Sketches". www.gla.ac.uk. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  19. ^ "University of Glasgow - The Hunterian - Visit - Exhibitions - Exhibition Archive - Unbuilt Mackintosh". www.gla.ac.uk. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  20. ^ "University of Glasgow - The Hunterian - Visit - Exhibitions - Exhibition Archive - Whistler and Watercolour". www.gla.ac.uk. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  21. ^ "University of Glasgow - The Hunterian - Visit - Exhibitions - Exhibition Archive - Whistler: Art and Legacy". www.gla.ac.uk. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  22. ^ "The Hunterian – The Mackintosh House". University of Glasgow. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
  23. ^ "The Hunterian – The Mackintosh Collection". University of Glasgow. Retrieved 19 May 2019.

External links[edit]

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