Francis Spellman: Difference between revisions
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==Biography== |
==Biography== |
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Francis Joseph Spellman was born in [[Whitman, Massachusetts]] to William and Ellen (née Conway) Spellman. His father (d. [[1957]]) was a [[grocer]]. Francis also served as an [[Altar server|altar boy]] at the local church<ref>TIME Magazine [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,865830,00.html Cardinal's Birthday] [[May 11]], [[1959]]</ref>. He studied at [[Fordham University|Fordham College]] in [[New York]], and the [[North American College]] in [[Rome]] before being [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] by [[Latin Patriarch of Constantinople|Patriarch Giuseppe Ceppetelli]] on [[14 May]], [[1916]]. Spellman then did [[Parish (Catholic Church)|pastoral]] work in [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston|Boston]] until [[1918]], at which time he became assistant [[Chancellor (ecclesiastical)|Diocesan Chancellor]]. An [[attaché]] of the [[Secretariat of State (Vatican)|Secretariat of State]] in the [[Roman Curia]] from [[1925]] to [[1932]], Spellman was raised to the rank of [[Monsignor]] on [[October 4]], [[1926]] by [[Pope Pius XI]]. |
Francis Joseph Spellman was born in [[Whitman, Massachusetts]] to William and Ellen (née Conway) Spellman. His father (d. [[1957]]) was a [[grocer]]. Francis also served as an [[Altar server|altar boy]] at the local church<ref>TIME Magazine [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,865830,00.html Cardinal's Birthday] [[May 11]], [[1959]]</ref>. He studied at [[Fordham University|Fordham College]] in [[New York]], and the [[North American College]] in [[Rome]] before being [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] by [[Latin Patriarch of Constantinople|Patriarch Giuseppe Ceppetelli]] on [[14 May]], [[1916]]. Spellman then did [[Parish (Catholic Church)|pastoral]] work in [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston|Boston]] until [[1918]], at which time he became assistant [[Chancellor (ecclesiastical)|Diocesan Chancellor]]. An [[attaché]] of the [[Secretariat of State (Vatican)|Secretariat of State]] in the [[Roman Curia]] from [[1925]] to [[1932]], Spellman was raised to the rank of [[Monsignor]] on [[October 4]], [[1926]] by [[Pope Pius XI]]. |
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On [[July 30]], [[1932]], he was appointed [[Auxiliary bishop|Auxiliary Bishop]] of Boston and [[Titular bishop|Titular Bishop]] of ''Sila''. Spellman received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on the following [[September 8]] from close friend [[Pope Pius XII|Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli]], with Archbishops [[Giuseppe Cardinal Pizzardo|Giuseppe Pizzardo]] and [[Francesco Borgongini Duca]] serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]], in [[St. Peter's Basilica]]. His was the first consecration of an American bishop ever to be held in St. Peter's<ref>TIME Magazine. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,744398,00.html Crosier & Mitre] [[September 19]], [[1932]]</ref>. |
On [[July 30]], [[1932]], he was appointed [[Auxiliary bishop|Auxiliary Bishop]] of Boston and [[Titular bishop|Titular Bishop]] of ''Sila''. Spellman received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on the following [[September 8]] from close friend [[Pope Pius XII|Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli]], with Archbishops [[Giuseppe Cardinal Pizzardo|Giuseppe Pizzardo]] and [[Francesco Borgongini Duca]] serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]], in [[St. Peter's Basilica]]. His was the first consecration of an American bishop ever to be held in St. Peter's<ref>TIME Magazine. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,744398,00.html Crosier & Mitre] [[September 19]], [[1932]]</ref>. |
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Revision as of 21:09, 29 March 2008
Francis Joseph Cardinal Spellman (May 4, 1889 – December 2, 1967) was the ninth bishop and sixth archbishop of the Catholic Archdiocese of New York. He served as Archbishop of New York from 1939 until his death, and was named a cardinal by Pope Pius XII in 1946.
Biography
Francis Joseph Spellman was born in Whitman, Massachusetts to William and Ellen (née Conway) Spellman. His father (d. 1957) was a grocer. Francis also served as an altar boy at the local church[1]. He studied at Fordham College in New York, and the North American College in Rome before being ordained to the priesthood by Patriarch Giuseppe Ceppetelli on 14 May, 1916. Spellman then did pastoral work in Boston until 1918, at which time he became assistant Diocesan Chancellor. An attaché of the Secretariat of State in the Roman Curia from 1925 to 1932, Spellman was raised to the rank of Monsignor on October 4, 1926 by Pope Pius XI.
On July 30, 1932, he was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Boston and Titular Bishop of Sila. Spellman received his episcopal consecration on the following September 8 from close friend Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli, with Archbishops Giuseppe Pizzardo and Francesco Borgongini Duca serving as co-consecrators, in St. Peter's Basilica. His was the first consecration of an American bishop ever to be held in St. Peter's[2].
| Styles of Francis Cardinal Spellman † | |
|---|---|
.svg) | |
| Reference style | His Eminence |
| Spoken style | Your Eminence |
| Informal style | Cardinal |
| See | New York |
Spellman was promoted to sixth Archbishop of New York on April 15, 1939, and on December 11 of that same year, named Apostolic Vicar for the US Armed Forces. He was created Cardinal Priest of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo (Rome) by Pope Pius XII in the consistory of February 18, 1946; his cardinalatial church was the same one held by Pope Pius before he was elected to the papacy.
During World War II, he visited 16 countries in four months on behalf of the Pope[3].
He led his archdiocese through an extensive period of building the Catholic infrastructure, particularly the parochial schools. He was a staunch opponent of Communism, and often criticized films he viewed as "indecent." Spellman once engaged in a dispute with Eleanor Roosevelt over federally funded education at parochial schools, even accusing her of anti-Catholicism[4]. He attended the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965), and sat on its Board of Presidency. He was a cardinal elector in the 1958 papal conclave, and again voted in the conclave of 1963. In 1966, Spellman offered his resignation to Pope Paul VI, but the latter asked him to remain in his post[5].
The Cardinal died in New York at age 78, and is buried in the crypt under the altar at St. Patrick's Cathedral. To date, Spellman's twenty-eight year tenure as Archbishop is the longest one in the history of the Archdiocese of New York.
Trivia
- Spellman was editor of the The Boston Pilot from 1924 to 1935.
- He translated and delivered in English the first papal radio broadcast[6], and was charged with releasing Pius XI's encyclical on Catholic Action to the world[7].
- The Cardinal was instrumental in getting William Brennan appointed to the Supreme Court in 1956, but would later regret the decision.
- According to Peter Bander in The Prophecies of Malachy (TAN Books and Publisher, 1969) during the 1958 conclave which was to elect John XXIII, Spellman, evidently having taken Malachy's forecast that the next pope would be "pastor and mariner" literally, rented a boat, filled it with sheep and sailed up and down the Tiber.
- He was Grand Prior of USA of the Sovereign Order of Malta and Grand Prior of America of the Military and Hospitaller Order of St. Lazarus.
- In 1946, Spellman received The Hundred Year Association of New York's Gold Medal Award "in recognition of outstanding contributions to the City of New York." For his service to soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines, Cardinal Spellman was awarded the prestigious Sylvanus Thayer Award by the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1967.
- Cardinal Spellman is the Archbishop, who assigned Ivan Illich as pastor to a Puerto Rican parish in Washington Heights, New York City, in 1951.
Quotes
"Spellman held his tongue in Rome, where it would be unwise to be indiscreet about the new pope (Pope John XXIII). But when he returned home, the Cardinal announced his disdain. 'He's no Pope,' Spellman scoffed to his aides. 'He should be selling bananas.'" [8]
See also
Template:Succession box two to oneReferences
- ^ TIME Magazine Cardinal's Birthday May 11, 1959
- ^ TIME Magazine. Crosier & Mitre September 19, 1932
- ^ TIME Magazine Odyssey for the Millennium June 7, 1943
- ^ TIME Magazine. My Day in the Lion's Mouth August 1, 1949
- ^ TIME Magazine. [1] October 21, 1966
- ^ TIME Magazine Cardinal's Birthday May 11, 1959
- ^ TIME Magazine Spellman to St. Patrick's June 5, 1939
- ^ Cooney, John (1984). The American Pope: The Life and Times of Francis Cardinal Spellman. New York: New York Times Books. pp. p.333. ISBN 0-440-10194-8.
{{cite book}}:|pages=has extra text (help)
- Nicholas Von Hoffman, Citizen Cohn
- Catholic Hierarchy: Francis Joseph Cardinal Spellman