Earlier speed award
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Veronica spicata ( Veronica spicata subsp. Spicata ) |
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Spiked speedwell ( Veronica spicata ), also known as spiked loosestrife or spiked loosestrife , is a species of plant within the plantain family (Plantaginaceae). This rare plant species thrives on arid, poor locations in Eurasia .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Ehrigen Speedwell is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 15 to 40, rarely up to 80 centimeters. The upright, glandular-hairy stems have horizontally protruding or upwardly curved hairs ( trichomes ) in the upper part . The blunt-lanceolate, hairy stem leaves sit opposite on the stem and are serrated on the edge, further up also with entire margins.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from June to September. Many flowers stand together in the showy, long, spiky inflorescences . The flower stalks are shorter than the bracts and have glandular hairs. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic with a double flower envelope . The calyxes are also hairy. The light blue to dark blue-purple petals are fused together like a funnel, the corolla tube is longer than it is wide. There are fruit capsules formed.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 34, 56 or 68.
ecology
The Ährige speedwell is a hemicryptophyte and a half-rosette plant or an herbaceous Chamaephyte .
The pollination is done by bees relatives , butterflies and Fly . Neighbor pollination is possible. The capsule fruits act as wind and animal shakers. The seeds are light germs . Fruit ripening begins in September.
Occurrence, location and threat
The distribution area of Veronica spicata is Eurasian-continental, with the subspecies Veronica spicata subsp. orchidea temperate continental-east mediterranean. The locations are Denmark , Finland , Norway , the United Kingdom, Germany , Austria , Switzerland , Italy , France , Spain , Poland , Hungary , the former Czechoslovakia , the former Yugoslavia , Albania , Bulgaria , Romania , Turkey , Armenia , Azerbaijan , Ciscaucasia, Dagestan , the western part of the eastern Siberia , the western Siberia, Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Belarus , the Baltic republics, Moldova , the European part of Russia, the Ukraine (including Crimea), and the northern Xinjiang .
In Germany the main area of distribution is in the northeast German lowlands; In addition, this species is only very poorly distributed in warm lowlands or is absent entirely.
In Austria the Ährige Ehrenpreis occurs in the Pannonian region , otherwise rarely to very rarely. The occurrences extend to all federal states except Vorarlberg . Only inconsistent occurrences are known in Salzburg .
The Ehrige Speedwell grows in sunny, dry and poor grass , on gravel surfaces, dunes , rock heads and in the fringes of light, warm bushes. The locations are characterized by dry, nutrient-poor, base-rich, often lime-poor, humus stone or sandy soils. In Phytosociological system Veronica spicata classes is a characteristic species of fescue -Steppen and brome calcareous grasslands (Festuca-Brometea); the subspecies orchidea prefers alternately dry pipe grass and semi- arid grass communities.
The species Veronica spicata is "specially protected" according to the Federal Species Protection Ordinance and is classified as "endangered" in the German Red List , for example .
Systematics
The first publication of Veronica spicata was in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , Volume 1, p. 10 ,. Synonyms for Veronica spicata L. are: Pseudolysimachion spicatum (L.) Opiz, Veronica barrelieri Schult., Veronica hololeuca Juz., Veronica orchidea Crantz.
Veronica spicata belongs to the subgenus Pseudolysimachium in the genus Veronica . The genus speedwell ( Veronica ) today belongs to the plantain family (Plantaginaceae); formerly part of the figwort family (Scrophulariaceae) or Veronicaceae.
One can distinguish the following subspecies:
- Veronica spicata L. subsp. spicata
- Veronica spicata subsp. fischeri (Trávn.) Albach : It occurs in Italy, in the former Yugoslavia, in Hungary, Romania and in Slovakia.
- Veronica spicata subsp. lanisepala (Travn.) Albach : It occurs in Croatia.
- Veronica spicata subsp. viscosula (Klokov) Assejeva : It occurs in Ukraine.
In the subspecies Veronica spicata subsp. spicata (in Germany this is the only occurring subspecies) the leaves are dull, the corolla lobes more or less flat and the flower color is a deep dark blue. The plants remain relatively small with a maximum of around 30 centimeters.
In the subspecies Veronica spicata subsp. orchidea (which occurs in Austria, for example) the leaves are only sparsely hairy and shiny, leathery, the lower corolla lobes are twisted and the flower color is a light blue (to purple). At 30 to 80 centimeters, these plants are also significantly higher than the nominate form . Some authors regard it as a species of its own: Veronica orchidea Crantz .
use
Some varieties of the speedwell are used in the temperate latitudes as ornamental plants in parks and gardens.
Possibility of confusion
Note also the relatively similar related species Long-leaved Speedwell ( Veronica longifolia ) Syn .: Long-leaved blue loosestrife ( Pseudolysimachion longifolium ), which, however, prefers moist locations.
literature
- Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (= The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
- Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
- Werner Rothmaler (greeter), Rudolf Schubert, Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel: Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG. Volume 2: Vascular Plants. 12th edition. People and Knowledge, Berlin 1983.
- Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
- Earlier speed award. In: FloraWeb.de.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Veronica spicata at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b c Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
- ^ A b Veronica spicata in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Ähriger honorary award. In: FloraWeb.de.
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae 1753, p. 10, digitized
- ↑ Veronica spicata at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b c d e Karol Marhold, 2011: Plantaginaceae : Data sheet Veronica spicata In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
further reading
- GB Wilson, L. Houston, WJ Whittington, RN Humphries: Biological Flora of the British Isles No. 213. Veronica spicata L. ssp. spicata and ssp. hybrida (L.) Gaudin (Pseudolysimachium spicatum (L.) Opiz). In: Journal of Ecology . Volume 88, number 5, 2000, pp. 890-909, DOI: 10.1046 / j.1365-2745.2000.00501.x .
- Heinz Ellenberg : Pointer values of the vascular plants of Central Europe. In: Scripta Geobotanica. Volume 9. 2nd, improved edition. Erich Goltze, Göttingen 1979.
Web links
- Veronica spicata L., Spiked Speedwell. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Earlier speed award . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Pseudolysimachion spicatum (L.) Opiz In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere from: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants. 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 at Den virtuella floran. (swed.)
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet for Veronica spicata with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
