1 he régiment de chasseurs d'Afrique
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1 he régiment de chasseurs d'Afrique |
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 Internal association badge |
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| Lineup | March 1, 1832 |
| Country |
 France
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| Armed forces |
 French armed forces
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| Armed forces |
Armée française de terre
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| Branch of service | Cavalry (armored force) |
| Type | Regiment of the arms blindée et cavalerie |
| Location | Camp de Canjuers ( Var department ) |
| motto | Ubique Primus Partout premiers ne pas subir |
| Anniversaries | May 5, 1863 |
| commander | |
| commander | Last: Colonel Collot |
The 1 er régiment de chasseurs d'Afrique ( 1 er RCA ) is an association of the French cavalry that was set up on March 1, 1832 in Algeria. According to the royal decree of November 17, 1831, the tribe used was an escadron of the "Régiment de chasseurs algériens", 300 men from different cavalry regiments, 40 volunteers, 20 riders of the 12 e régiment de cuirassiers and 120 Arab riders (so-called Turcs). The latter received an end-of-day allowance as payment, from which they had to provide for themselves. They were under the command of Joseph Vantini (alias Youssouf) and formed the "escadron indigène" (native squadron) of the regiment. The regiment is on active duty and is part of the armies blindée et cavalerie and acts as a cavalry training regiment in the "Commandement de la formation et de l'entrainement interarmes" (training command for the combined arms).
Battle calendar
Campaigns in Algeria
- April 6, 1832: Battle at El Ouffia
- December 1837: Siege and capture of Constantine
- 1839: Expedition to the Iron Gate (Algeria)
- 1840: Battle of Médéa
- May 1843: Battle of Smala
- August 16, 1844: Battle of Isly
- 1849: Siege of Zaatcha
- December 1852: capture of Laghouat
Crimean War
- October 25, 1854: British cavalry picked up after the Light Brigade attacked the Battle of Balaklava
Sardinian war
- Battle of Solferino , brigade formation with the 5 e régiment de hussards .
Expedition to Mexico
- Battle of San Pablo del Monte. Here the 6th Escadron was wiped out. Commandant Aymard de Foucauld was among the fallen. In this campaign, the Chasseurs received the nickname los carniceros azules (roughly: "the blue butchers") from the Mexicans .
Expedition to Syria
- 1862: Intervention in Syria to protect the Christians living there
Franco-German War
At the start of hostilities, the regiment was classified as light cavalry. It was under the command of Colonel Clicquot and consisted of five military escadrons. The regiment did not take part in the first fighting, it was assigned to the "Brigade Général Margueritte", which belonged to the "1 re division de cavalerie" (1st Cavalry Division) of the General Du Barrail. This division initially served as an army reserve.
The division, which only consisted of three regiments, was separated from the army before it was enclosed in Metz. It formed a brigade unit together with the 3 e régiment de chasseurs d'Afrique . The regiment was an escort for Emperor Napoleon III. used on his way from Gravelotte to Verdun . It was then directed to Sainte-Menehould , where it was assigned to the establishment of a new reserve reconnaissance division. This division was under the command of Général Margueritte and was assigned to the Armée de Chalon of Maréchal de Mac-Mahon . It consisted of two brigades, the 1st with the Regiments Chasseurs d'Afrique No. 1, 3 and 4 and the 2nd Brigade (Général Tillard) with the "6 e régiment de chasseurs à cheval" (hunters on horseback) and the "1 er régiment d'hussards" (1st hussar regiment).
On August 27, 1870, the regiment was sent to reconnaissance in the direction of the upper Somme .
On August 31, the division marched along the Belgian border to get to the vicinity of Sedan via Francheval . Here on the night of September 1, 1870, they formed two front lines on the heights of Isly and sealed off the forest of Garenne. It formed the extreme left wing of the army. At 8:00 a.m., the division came under heavy German artillery fire. Those Division assigned to field artillery battery of the Capitaine Hartung (from 2 e and 19 e régiment d'artillerie - 2nd and 19th Artillery Regiment), tried to return fire. At 9:00 a.m., the German infantry advancing in front of the battery positions of their own artillery could be repulsed again. The defenders lay incapacitated under German artillery fire in the forest of Garenne and suffered numerous losses. At 2 p.m., the commander of the 2nd Brigade, Général Tillard, received an order from the acting commander of the army, Général Ducrot (Maréchal McMahon had been wounded) to attack the German siege ring in order to open an alley for the trapped units to break out.
During a personally led reconnaissance patrol to investigate the situation, the division commander, Général Margueritte, was badly wounded in the face.
According to the army order, the regiment under its commander, Colonel Clicquot, attacked the German lines. The result was devastating. Colonel Clicquot was shot in the chest and died on September 9th. The Capitaine Marquet, in command of the 5th Escadron, and his deputy Cugnot, the Lieutenants Le Mintier de Saint André, Durieu de Marsanguet, the Sous Lieutenants Perry de Nieuil, de Grammont, Delmas, the Maréchaux des logis Lefevre, de Raousset-Boulbon, Llobet, Danède, Beauvais, Thiéberg, Beauparain and Lafarge, the Brigadiers Furon, Lazare, Patin, Glairarcq, Laurent, Prey, Cerjaud, Aussenac and Gaillon had all fallen.
The Lieutenant-Colonel Ramond, the Captain Leroy, Lieutenants Hunat de la Chevallerie, Jousserandot, the Sous-Lieutenant de Gouvlard were wounded.
The regiment lost two thirds of its population during the three ridden attacks. Lieutenant Launay's train was completely wiped out. A total of only 143 riders were left, 350 men had fallen, wounded or were missing.
The remnants of the regiment went into German captivity and were housed in prison camps in Darmstadt and Offenbach am Main .
Général Margueritte died on September 6, 1870 in the Château de Beauraing in Belgium.
- Republican Army 1870–1871
The "escadron de dépôt" (substitute escadron) of the "1 er régiment de chasseurs d'Afrique" formed the 1 er and 2 e régiment de marche de chasseurs d'Afrique together with three other escadrons from different regiments . (1st and 2nd March Regiment) They were assigned to the Armée de l'Est des Général Bourbaki and the Loire Army of Général Chanzy.
Expedition to Madagascar
The 10th Escadron was part of the expeditionary force to Madagascar (1895-1896). Commander-in-chief was Général Jacques Charles René Achille Duchesne.
First World War
Two squadrons of the one he RCA formed with two squadrons of two e RCA the "Régiment de marche de Chasseurs d'Afrique" (RMCA - marching regiment of African hunters). It was then renamed "1 he régiment de marche de chasseurs d'Afrique".
When leaving Morocco, the regiment consisted of 636 soldiers, a staff and four escadrons with a total of 28 officers, 56 NCOs, 552 men and 617 horses.
Each Escadron consisted of five officers, 13 NCOs and 151 teams with 144 horses.
The unit fought on different fronts in France and Belgium until February 1915 ( First Battle of the Marne , Battle of the Aisne and First Battle of Flanders ). After that the regiment dismounted and fought in trench warfare.
The two escadrons of the 2 e RCA left the regiment on February 15, 1915 to join the 2 e and 3 e RMCA.
In Morocco a new 1 er RCA was set up and assigned to the cavalry brigade of the French Orient Army. In February 1916 the brigade was embarked to be transferred to Salonika. From there she immediately intervened in the fighting in Macedonia and Albania and was in Greece in 1917 . At the end of the war, parts of the regiment were in Serbia and Hungary .
Interwar period
On August 31, 1919, the regiment was disbanded.
Second World War
In the event of mobilization, the cavalry was intended to set up reconnaissance groups (Groupes de Reconnaissance). When war was declared, the "1 er Régiment de Chasseurs d'Afrique" , which had meanwhile been re-established, was converted into the "80 e Groupe de Reconnaissance de Division d'Infanterie - 80e GRDI" (reconnaissance group of the 80th Infantry Division).
In September 1944, the regiment was landed in Provence to take part in the fighting in France with its M4 Sherman tanks .
From 1945
Until its dissolution in 1964, the regiment operated in Algeria. On February 10, 1998, it was re-erected in Camp Canjuers in the Var department . Until then, the tradition had been continued by the 1 er régiment de chasseurs à cheval (1st regiment of hunters on horseback) in Thierville-sur-Meuse .
The regiment was the first unit that was equipped with the Véhicule Blindé de Combat d'Infanterie and that will replace or replace the AMX-10P .
It oversees two barrel weapon firing lanes, one of which is seven kilometers long, three firing lanes for anti-tank guided weapons, a shooting simulator and a technical training trainer for the turret of the Leclerc battle tank. Fire protection on the shooting lanes is the responsibility of the 6 e Escadron.
The unit is equipped with 107 armored vehicles. ( Char AMX Leclerc , AMX 30 B2, AMX-10 RC , ERC 90 ).
Traditions
Motto
"Ubique Primus" (first everywhere)
Association badge
A stylized horse in a cog, under which there is a four-wheeled pedestal. The cogwheel is reminiscent of the transition from mounted association to motorization, while the horse continues the tradition of the rider. The horizontally standing tail of the horse should indicate the reluctance of the regiment members to give up the horses and the subsequent motorization.
Standard
The names of the honorable battles are written in gold letters on the standard
Awards
- During the campaign in Mexico, the Chasseur (German: hunter) Jean Bordes of the 6th Escadron captured the flag of the regiment of the "Lanciers de Durango" (Uhlan Regiment Durango) on May 5, 1863 during the second siege of Puebla . That and the victory against a Mexican superiority in the battle of San Pablo del Monte led to the award of the Légion d'honneur to the regiment - an honor that today in the "Arme blindée et cavalerie" is only granted to this unit.
The standard of the regiment is decorated with:
- the Fourragère in the colors of the Legion d'Honneur
- the Croix de guerre 1914-18 with two palm branches
- the Croix de guerre 1939–45 with a palm branch
- the Military Merit Medal fourth class with swords of the Kingdom of Serbia
- the War Cross of the Kingdom of Serbia with an honorable mention in the army report
- the gold medal of the city of Milan
Chefs de corps
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Known members of the regiment
- President Jacques Chirac .
Individual evidence
- ↑ German: 1st regiment of African hunters
- ↑ In France, a distinction is made between cavalry (former mounted units) and armored forces (set up as "Chars de combat" only in 1917)
- ^ Régiment chasseurs d'Afrique
- ^ Régiment marche de chasseurs d'Afrique
- ↑ the date of the re-installation is not known
- ↑ Regulation No. 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT of September 14, 2007 regulates the inscriptions on the standards of the troops of the army, the medical service and the fuel supply service (Service des essences des armées). The basis is the “Bulletin officiel des armées”, number 27, 9 November 2007
- ↑ fallen on June 24, 1859 in the battle of Solferino
- ↑ died of cholera during the expedition to Morocco
- ↑ fallen on September 1, 1870 in the battle of Sedan
literature
- Fernand Hue, Aventures de cinq chasseurs d'Afrique au Mexique, les Bouchers bleus , roman historique. SFIL.
- Fernand Hue, Histoire du 1er régiment de chasseurs d'Afrique - H. Lecène et H. Oudin Éditeurs Paris 1889.
- Le 1er régiment de chasseurs d'Afrique - campagne contre l'Allemagne et Autriche-Hongrie, 12 août 1914 - 31 août 1919 , Paris, Lavauzelle, 1920, 80 p.
- Historique du 1er régiment de chasseurs d'Afrique de 1832 à 1964 , Coêtquidan, Presse de l'EMI, 1964, 136 p.
- Jacques Sicard et François Vauvillier, L'encyclopédie de l'armée française , Les chasseurs d'Afrique , éditions Histoire et collections, 2001 - ISBN | 2 908.182.874.
