Abrus
| Abrus | ||||||||||||
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Paternoster pea ( Abrus precatorius ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the tribe | ||||||||||||
| Abreae | ||||||||||||
| Hutch. | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Abrus | ||||||||||||
| Adans. |
Abrus is the only genus of the tribe Abreae within the family of legumes (Fabaceae). This genus occurs with around 17 species in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World .
description
Appearance and leaves
The Abrus species are shrubs that usually grow climbing or with overhanging branches. The alternately arranged, stalked leaves are pinnate unpaired, with many pairs of leaflets . The sheet rhachis ends with a bristle. There are no stipules .
Inflorescences and flowers
In terminal or lateral, racemose total inflorescences, several flowers stand together in bundle partial inflorescences. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are fused, trimmed with short calyx teeth. The corolla has the typical structure of a butterfly flower. The nailed, egg-shaped flag is more or less fused with the stamens. The wings are narrow, sickle-shaped to elongated. There are only nine stamens . The stamens have grown together and the anthers are all the same. The single carpel contains many ovules . The stylus is bare.
Fruits and seeds
The flattened, two-fan legumes are chambered, but do not disintegrate into individual sections and contain some seeds. The almost spherical to ellipsoidal seeds have a shiny, sometimes brightly colored surface.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Abrus occurs in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World . Seven to nine species occur in Africa and five species only in Madagascar.
The genus name Abrus was first published in 1763 by Michel Adanson in Familles des Plantes , 2, 327, 511. The type species is Abrus precatorius L. The genus Abrus is the only genus of the tribus Abreae in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae) within the legume family (Fabaceae). The Tribus Abreae was published by John Hutchinson in The Genera of Flowering Plants , 1, 1964, p. 451 and is based on the Latin publication by Abrinae: Wight & Arn. ex Endl .: Gen. Pl. , 1840, p. 1301.
There are around 17 species of Abrus (here with details of their home regions):
- Abrus aureus R.Vig. : The home is Madagascar .
- Abrus baladensis Thulin : The home is Somalia .
- Abrus bottae Deflers : The home is Saudi Arabia , Yemen .
- Abrus canescens Baker : The home is Africa : Angola , Burkina Faso , Burundi , Cameroon , Central African Republic , Gambia , Gabon , Ghana , Guinea , Guinea-Bissau , Ivory Coast , Kenya , Liberia , Mali , Nigeria , Zambia , Senegal , Sierra Leone , Sudan , Tanzania , Togo , Uganda and Zaire .
- Abrus diversifoliatus Breteler : The home is Madagascar.
- Abrus fruticulosus Wight & Arn. : The homeland is India , Indonesia , Java and the Philippines .
- Abrus gawenensis Thulin : The homeland is Somalia.
- Abrus laevigatus E. Mey. : The homeland is South Africa , Mozambique and Swaziland .
- Abrus longibracteatus Labat : The home is Laos and Vietnam .
- Abrus madagascariensis R.Vig. : The home is Madagascar.
- Abrus parvifolius (R.Vig.) Verdc. : The home is Madagascar.
- Paternoster pea ( Abrus precatorius L. ): With several subspecies, it has a wide distribution in Africa, Australia and Asia . It is an invasive plant in many tropical countries .
- Abrus pulchellus Thwaites : With several subspecies it has a wide distribution in Asia: Sri Lanka , Bangladesh , India , Nepal , Bhutan , Myanmar , Cambodia , Laos , Thailand , Vietnam , China , Malaysia , Papua New Guinea , Indonesia and the Philippines. There are also localities for Madagascar, Africa and Brazil.
- Abrus sambiranensis R.Vig. : The home is Madagascar.
- Abrus schimperi Baker : The home is Africa: Central African Republic, Chad , Ethiopia , Kenya, Malawi , Zambia, Zimbabwe , Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda.
- Abrus somalensis Deaf. : The home is Somalia.
- Abrus wittei Baker f. : The home is Zaire .
literature
- Bao Bojian (包 伯 坚) & Michael G. Gilbert: Abreae in der Flora of China , Volume 10, 2010, p. 194 PDF-Online. (Section description and systematics)
- Robert Hegnauer: Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen , Volume XIB-2, Springer, 2001. ISBN 3-7643-5862-9 : Online at Google Books. (Abreae: Pages 161–168)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ SI Ali: Papilionaceae in the Flora of Pakistan : Online.
- ↑ Entry in the Madagascar Catalog .
- ^ Abrus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ ILDIS = International Legume Database & Information Service . Enter Abrus in the search mask.