Benedictine Abbey Nonnberg
Nonnberg Monastery, also called Erin Monastery after the first abbess Erentrudis of Salzburg , is a Benedictine abbey in Salzburg . Today it is the world's oldest Christian women's monastery with an uninterrupted tradition.
The entire Nonnberg Monastery complex with walls and archaeological find areas is under monument protection and is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Historic Center of the City of Salzburg .
history
The monastery was founded around 711/712 by St. Rupert on a terrace of the Salzburg Fortress Mountain. The convent occupies a particularly protected place in the city of Salzburg in the partially preserved Roman fortification castrum superior from Iuvavum . Rupert's niece (she is referred to as neptis in the Breves Notitiae ), or at least Erentrudi's relative , became the first abbess . The foundation of the abbey was made by the Bavarian Duke Theotbert ; Erentrudis was also installed as Arintrud abbatissa with the approval of the duke . Seven of the twelve abbesses who died before 784 had names that suggest a relationship with the Agilol fingers.
Once the monastery was very wealthy. In the early Middle Ages, the property also included the Nonntal , whose church was previously a branch church of the monastery, and the entire area between the Salzach and Leopoldskroner Moor in the south of the city, including the village of Morzg and the houses of Kleingmain and Gneis . It was not until the 15th century that peasant families settled there who no longer worked on behalf of the monastery. Until 1451 the monastery was reserved only for aristocratic women, with the end of the feudal Middle Ages, bourgeois women were also accepted, but until the 19th century only as serving sisters.
On July 20, 2017, the convent of the monastery, chaired by Archbishop Franz Lackner, elected the previous prioress Veronika Kronlachner as the new abbess of Nonnberg Abbey and the 93rd successor of St. Erentrudis. The archbishop donated her abbess consecration on August 13, 2017 in the Nonnberg Abbey Church .
See also: List of Abbesses of Nonnberg
The collegiate church Nonnberg
See also the main contribution to the Nonnberg Collegiate Church
The first monastery church burned down around 1006. A new monastery church Mariae Himmelfahrt was completed in 1009 with significant help from Heinrich II . The new crypt was consecrated in 1043 ( Romanesque building ). The mighty church tower, parts of the portal and under the nuns' choir the “paradise” with its frescoes have been preserved from this time . These frescoes are located in twelve niches, were created around 1140 and depict half-length portraits of popes, bishops and saints. Archbishop Konrad (1107–1143), the important reorganizer and innovator of the archbishopric , enforced the Benedictine rule for the monastery. Largely destroyed by a fire in 1423, the monastery church was rebuilt between 1464 and 1509 based on the old building rights (late Gothic building). In 1624 the church was extended by three side chapels. In 1711, the Romanesque tower of the monastery church was raised in line with the times and received today's onion dome.
The central Gothic glass window behind the altar (1480) was donated by the then mayor Augustin Clanner, the late Gothic altar (with neo-Gothic accessories) comes from the branch church in Scheffau am Tennengebirge .
The Gothic Johanneskapelle
The Johanneskapelle is only accessible with the permission of the monastery. It is located next to or above the inner Nonnberger Tor. This chapel with its ribbed vault was built between 1448 and 1451. The stained glass windows were made by Ludwine Wildner-Eltz in 1957. The chapel was slightly changed in the years before 1500. The Johanness bowl from the middle of the 16th century standing on a console is remarkable.
The altar there is not dated. It was probably created in 1498 for a chapel in Salzburg Cathedral . With the demolition of the Romanesque cathedral before 1600, the altar is likely to have come into private hands and much later to Nonnberg Monastery. There he has been standing in the Johanneskapelle since 1885. Today it is attributed to Veit Stoss or one of his journeymen.
The importance of the monastery today
The monastery houses an important collection of medieval manuscripts, Gothic figures and paintings (especially late Gothic altars). Particularly noteworthy is the " Faldistorium ", a folding chair for the abbess, created after 1100 with figural reliefs and figures made of walrus bone, and the ivory pastoral, a crook of the abbess from 1242.
By Maria Augusta von Trapp , after the First World War the presentation of the musical teacher at the monastery school and their life The Sound of Music was the Abbey gained additional notoriety.
activities
In addition to the activities within the monastery, such as housekeeping, library and archive, the nuns run a ceramics workshop, a guest house and organic farming in the Erentrudishof.
literature
- Franz Esterl: Chronicle of the noble Benedictine women monastery Nonnberg in Salzburg . Salzburg 1841 Google Books .
- Andreas Hirsch: Nonnberg - the first Bavarian women's monastery. The abbey in Salzburg was founded 1300 years ago . In: Heimatblätter (Bad Reichenhall), year 2012, No. 12.
- Gerold Hayer / Manuel Schwembacher: The medieval manuscripts of the Nonnberg monastery in Salzburg . Vienna 2018 ISBN 9783700180081 ( online )
- Monika Kammerlander: The music care at the Benedictine monastery Nonnberg of the 17th and 18th centuries . Historical representation and description of the Nonnberger Liederkorpus, Duisburg & Cologne: WiKu-Verlag 2019, ISBN 978-3-86553-462-0 .
Web links
Footnotes
- ↑ Occasionally the Nonnberg Abbey was also referred to as the "Erentrudis Monastery" or the "Benedictine Abbey of St. Erentrudis" after its founder.
- ^ Joachim Jahn : Ducatus Baiuvariorum: The Bavarian Duchy of the Agilolfinger , p. 86ff. (= Monographs on the history of the Middle Ages). Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1991. ISBN 3-7772-9108-0 .
- ↑ Erbe und Einsatz , Vol. 93 (2017), p. 364.
Coordinates: 47 ° 47 ′ 46 ″ N , 13 ° 3 ′ 6 ″ E