Alexander Braun (botanist)
Alexander Carl Heinrich Braun (born May 10, 1805 in Regensburg , † March 29, 1877 in Berlin ) was a German botanist and university professor. Its official botanical author's abbreviation is " A.Braun ".
Life
Braun studied medicine and natural sciences, especially botany, in Heidelberg from 1824 to 1827 . During his studies he made friends with Karl Friedrich Schimper , Louis Agassiz and Georg Engelmann , with whom he had been in contact throughout his life. In 1830 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina Scholars' Academy . He continued his botanical studies at the University of Munich until 1831 and in Paris until 1832 . In 1833 he was appointed professor of botany and zoology at the Polytechnic in Karlsruhe . In 1837 he also became director of the grand ducal natural history cabinet . In 1840 he founded the Karlsruhe Natural Science Association .
In 1846 he was appointed full professor of botany at the University of Freiburg im Breisgau , where he also became director of the botanical garden . As early as 1850 he was appointed professor of botany at the University of Gießen and then moved to the University of Berlin in 1851 . In 1869 he was one of the founders of the Berlin Society for Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory . He was then deputy chairman until his death in 1877. He was a member of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors and was elected a foreign member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in 1854 . In 1861 he was elected to the Göttingen Academy of Sciences , in 1865 to the National Academy of Sciences and the Académie des Sciences, and in 1870 to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences .
plant
Braun was the main representative of the idealistic comparative morphology of plants. On the basis of his natural philosophical views, he developed his doctrine of the leaf position of plants, which was based on earlier theories of Karl Friedrich Schimper. This approach is also based on his plant systematic and flower morphological work. In his systematics, he tried to place the arrangement of plants on a comparative morphological basis in connection with the historical development of the plant kingdom. His microscopic investigations into cryptogams made important contributions to the development of cell theory .
Honor
The bryologist Wilhelm Philipp Schimper named a moss genus Braunia in honor of Braun . The plant genus Albraunia Speta from the plantain family (Plantaginaceae) is named after him.
Fonts (selection)
- 1831: Comparative study of the order of the scales on the pine cone as an introduction to the study of leaf position in general
- 1842: Subsequent reports on the genera Marsilia and Pilularia
- 1849–50: Considerations about the appearance of rejuvenation in nature, especially in the life and formation history of the plant
- 1852: About the directional relationships of the sap flows in the cells of the Characeae
- 1853: The individual of the plant in its relationship to the species: generation sequence, generation change and generation division of the plant
- 1854: About the crooked course of the wood fiber and the resulting twisting of the trunks
- 1854: About some new and lesser known diseases of plants, which are caused by fungi
- 1855: Algarum unicellularium genera nova et minus cognita, praemissis observationibus de algis unicellularibus in genere
- 1855: About the connection between the natural scientific disciplines and with science in general
- 1856: About Chytridium, a genus of single-cell parasites on algae and infusoria
- 1857: About parthenogenesis in plants
- 1860: About polyembryony and germination of Caelebogyne
- 1862: On the importance of morphology
- 1862: Two German Isoetesarten
- 1863: About Isoetes
- 1865: Contribution to knowledge of the genus Selaginella
- 1865: Address at the opening of the semester on October 15, 1865 ...
- 1867: The Characeae of Africa
- 1867: Conspectus systematicus Characearum europaearum
- 1867: About Schweinfurthia, a new genus of Scrophulariaceen
- 1869: A new species of the genus Isoëtes discovered in New Zealand
- 1870: Recent studies on the genera Marsilia and Pilularia
- 1870: The Earth's Ice Age. Lecture given in January 1866 in Sing-Akademie zu Berlin , with later additions (also: digitized version of the Bavarian State Library )
- 1872: On the importance of development in natural history
- 1875: Botanical treatises in the field of morphology and physiology
- Johannes von Hanstein (Ed.): 2nd volume
- 1876: Remarks on some cycads
- 1877: The plant remains of the Egyptian Museum in Berlin
- 1881: Fragments of a monograph of the Characeae
literature
- Alexander Braun . In: Leopoldina - Online: 1. Part, 1871–1872, pp. 50–60 ; End, May 1877, pp. 66-72
- August Wilhelm Eichler : Speech at the unveiling of the monument by Alexander Braun , 1879.
- Ilse Jahn (Ed.): History of Biology.
- Karl Mägdefrau : history of botany.
- C. Mettenius: Alexander Braun's life according to his handwritten estate , 1882.
- Ernst Wunschmann: Braun, Alexander . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 47, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1903, pp. 186-193.
- Hermann goat bacon : Braun, Alexander Heinrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 548 ( digitized version ).
Web links
- Literature by and about Alexander Braun in the catalog of the German National Library
- Author entry and list of the described plant names for Alexander Braun (botanist) at the IPNI
- Braun as a plant collector at JSTOR Global Plants
Individual evidence
- ↑ Member entry of Alexander Braun at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on February 5, 2016.
- ↑ Members of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors 1857
- ↑ Member entry of Alexander Braun (with picture) at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , accessed on February 5, 2016.
- ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 48.
- ↑ a b Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymic plant names - extended edition. Part I and II. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5 doi: 10.3372 / epolist2018 .
- ↑ Try to explain the metamorphosis of plants .
- ↑ With contributions by Robert Caspary and Anton de Bary .
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Braun, Alexander |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Braun, Alexander Carl Heinrich |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German botanist |
DATE OF BIRTH | May 10, 1805 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | regensburg |
DATE OF DEATH | March 29, 1877 |
Place of death | Berlin |