Amenemhet II

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Name of Amenemhet II
Great Spinx Thanis Louvre A23-01a.jpg
Sphinx of Amenemhet II. Louvre , Paris
Horus name
G5
V28 V31
N35
G17 C10
Srxtail2.svg
Heken-em-maat
Ḥkn-m-m3ˁ.t Who enjoys
the Maat
Sideline
G16
V28 V31
N35
G17 C10
Heken-em-maat
Ḥkn-m-m3ˁ.t Who
enjoys the Maat
Gold name
G8
U1
Aa11
P8
(Bik-nebu) -maat-cheru
(Bjk-nbw) -m3ˁ.t-ḫrw
(With) satisfied mate
G8
Aa11
P8
G17 V30
N19
(Bik-nebu) -maat-cheru-neb-taui
(Bjk-nbw) -m3ˁ.t-ḫrw-m-nb-t3.w (j)
Lord of the two countries, (with) satisfied mate
Throne name
M23
X1
L2
X1
Hiero Ca1.svg
N5
S12
D28 D28
D28
Hiero Ca2.svg
Nebu-kau-Re
Nbw-k3w-Rˁ
Golden an Ka -forces of Re
Proper name
Hiero Ca1.svg
M17 Y5
N35
G17 F4
X1
Hiero Ca2.svg
Amenemhet
Jmn m ḥ3.t
Amun is at the head
Hiero Ca1.svg
M17 Y5
N35
M17 M17
Hiero Ca2.svg
Ameni
Jmn-j
(ruler of?) Amun
Greek
Manetho variants:
Africanus : Ammenemes
Eusebius : Ammenemes
Eusebius, AV : Ammenemes

Amenemhet II. , Also Amenemhat II. , Ruled from about 1877 / 76–1843 / 42 (1914–1879 / 76) BC. As an ancient Egyptian king ( pharaoh ) of the 12th Dynasty ( Middle Kingdom ) together with his father. In the royal papyrus Turin his entire period of government is lost, but it is known from other sources that he made his son Sesostris II his co-regent after 31 years at the beginning of the 32nd year of reign on 1st Achet I. Thereafter, there are no notes about continued co-government.

origin

Amenemhet II was the son of his predecessor Sesostris I and his wife Neferu . He is probably already mentioned as the king's son Ameny in the grave of Prince Amenemhet . His own wife is unknown, but the king's wife Senet has recently been proposed, who is known from two statues and cannot otherwise be assigned to any ruler. Khnumet and Ita, who were buried near his pyramid , have previously been considered his daughters. The women probably date under Amenemhet III. so that it remains to be seen whether they were his daughters. Sesostris II is his son and his successor.

Domination

There is a large annals stone from his reign that was found in Memphis and tells us about various events at the beginning of his reign. So one learns of a campaign to southern Palestine in the course of which two cities were destroyed. The arrival of various foreign delegations is noted and donations to various temples take up a large part.

There is evidence of trade relations with Crete and Lebanon as well as an expedition to Punt in the 28th year .

The ruler's viziers were Sesostris and Ameny . Various treasurers are documented, of which Saiset is to be mentioned in particular , who had a large tomb near the pyramid of the king in Dahshur . Merykau led an expedition to the eastern desert. Cheperkare was chief asset manager .

Amenemhet II also made his son Sesostris II co-ruler before his death.

Construction activity

Little is known about Amenemhet II's construction work. In Hermopolis he set up a gate in front of the temple there. The Annalenstein tells of his construction activity in the delta. A temple is reported on stelae from Abydos , but it cannot otherwise be located with certainty. He began with the construction of the Bahr Yusuf (Joseph's Canal) running parallel to the Nile and with the use of the Fayyum as an agricultural area.

Tomb

Amenemhet II built his pyramid on the burial ground of Dahshur , the so-called Amenemhet II pyramid , also known as the White Pyramid. It is located near the Red Pyramid of Sneferu .

More graves

In the pyramid district are the graves of the royal daughters Ita and Chnumit , known for the jewelry that Jacques de Morgan found there in 1895.

De Morgan also explored the graves of Prince Amenemhet- Ankh and the Princesses Itiueret and Lady Sit-Hathor-meret . The excavations were only very superficial, and so this complex is one of the poorly documented pyramids today ( access road and valley temple still unexplored).

See also

literature

General

  • Darrell D. Baker: The Encyclopedia of the Egyptian Pharaohs, Volume I: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty (3300-1069 BC). Bannerstone Press, Oakville 2008 ISBN 978-0977409440 , pp. 23-25.
  • Martin von Falck, Susanne Martinssen-von Falck: The great pharaohs. From the early days to the Middle Kingdom. Marix, Wiesbaden 2015, ISBN 978-3737409766 , pp. 208-213.
  • Thomas Schneider : Lexicon of the Pharaohs . Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96053-3 , p. 54.

Questions of detail

  • Biri Fay: The Louvre Sphinx and Royal Sculpture from the Reign of Amenemhat II. Von Zabern, Mainz 1996, ISBN 3-8053-1760-3 .
  • Biri Fay: A Re-Used Bust of Amenemhat II in the Hermitage. In: Göttinger Miscellen . (GM) Vol. 150, 1996, pp. 51-63.
  • Jaromir Málek : A Graffito of Year 17 of Amenemhet II at el-Hosh. In: Göttinger Miscellen. Vol. 24, 1977, pp. 51-52.
  • Thomas Schneider: The Relative Chronology of the Middle Kingdom and the Hyksos Period (Dyns. 12-17). In: Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss, David A. Warburton (eds.): Ancient Egyptian Chronology (= Handbook of Oriental studies. Section One. The Near and Middle East. Volume 83). Brill, Leiden / Boston 2006, ISBN 978-90-04-11385-5 , pp. 168-196 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Amenemhet II.  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Dorothea Arnold : The Fragmented Head of a Queen Wearing the Vulture Headdress. In: Ernst Czerny, Irmgard Hein, Hermann Hunger , Dagmar Melman, Angela Schwab et al. (Eds.): Timelines. Studies in honor of Manfred Bietak (= Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta. Vol. 149). Volume 1. Peeters et al., Leuven et al. 2006, ISBN 90-429-1730-X , p. 47, footnote 3.
  2. Hartwig Altenmüller , Ahmed M. Moussa: The inscription of Amenemhet II from the Ptah temple of Memphis. Preliminary report. In: Studies on ancient Egyptian culture. Vol. 18, 1991, ISSN  0340-2215 , pp. 1-48.


predecessor Office successor
Sesostris I. King of Egypt
12th Dynasty
Sesostris II.