Amenemhet II
Name of Amenemhet II | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Horus name |
Ḥkn-m-m3ˁ.t Who enjoys the Maat |
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Sideline |
Ḥkn-m-m3ˁ.t Who enjoys the Maat |
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Gold name |
(Bjk-nbw) -m3ˁ.t-ḫrw (With) satisfied mate
(Bjk-nbw) -m3ˁ.t-ḫrw-m-nb-t3.w (j) Lord of the two countries, (with) satisfied mate |
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Throne name |
Nbw-k3w-Rˁ Golden an Ka -forces of Re |
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Proper name |
Jmn m ḥ3.t Amun is at the head
Jmn-j (ruler of?) Amun |
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Greek Manetho variants: |
Africanus : Ammenemes Eusebius : Ammenemes Eusebius, AV : Ammenemes |
Amenemhet II. , Also Amenemhat II. , Ruled from about 1877 / 76–1843 / 42 (1914–1879 / 76) BC. As an ancient Egyptian king ( pharaoh ) of the 12th Dynasty ( Middle Kingdom ) together with his father. In the royal papyrus Turin his entire period of government is lost, but it is known from other sources that he made his son Sesostris II his co-regent after 31 years at the beginning of the 32nd year of reign on 1st Achet I. Thereafter, there are no notes about continued co-government.
origin
Amenemhet II was the son of his predecessor Sesostris I and his wife Neferu . He is probably already mentioned as the king's son Ameny in the grave of Prince Amenemhet . His own wife is unknown, but the king's wife Senet has recently been proposed, who is known from two statues and cannot otherwise be assigned to any ruler. Khnumet and Ita, who were buried near his pyramid , have previously been considered his daughters. The women probably date under Amenemhet III. so that it remains to be seen whether they were his daughters. Sesostris II is his son and his successor.
Domination
There is a large annals stone from his reign that was found in Memphis and tells us about various events at the beginning of his reign. So one learns of a campaign to southern Palestine in the course of which two cities were destroyed. The arrival of various foreign delegations is noted and donations to various temples take up a large part.
There is evidence of trade relations with Crete and Lebanon as well as an expedition to Punt in the 28th year .
The ruler's viziers were Sesostris and Ameny . Various treasurers are documented, of which Saiset is to be mentioned in particular , who had a large tomb near the pyramid of the king in Dahshur . Merykau led an expedition to the eastern desert. Cheperkare was chief asset manager .
Amenemhet II also made his son Sesostris II co-ruler before his death.
Construction activity
Little is known about Amenemhet II's construction work. In Hermopolis he set up a gate in front of the temple there. The Annalenstein tells of his construction activity in the delta. A temple is reported on stelae from Abydos , but it cannot otherwise be located with certainty. He began with the construction of the Bahr Yusuf (Joseph's Canal) running parallel to the Nile and with the use of the Fayyum as an agricultural area.
Tomb
Amenemhet II built his pyramid on the burial ground of Dahshur , the so-called Amenemhet II pyramid , also known as the White Pyramid. It is located near the Red Pyramid of Sneferu .
More graves
In the pyramid district are the graves of the royal daughters Ita and Chnumit , known for the jewelry that Jacques de Morgan found there in 1895.
De Morgan also explored the graves of Prince Amenemhet- Ankh and the Princesses Itiueret and Lady Sit-Hathor-meret . The excavations were only very superficial, and so this complex is one of the poorly documented pyramids today ( access road and valley temple still unexplored).
See also
literature
General
- Darrell D. Baker: The Encyclopedia of the Egyptian Pharaohs, Volume I: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty (3300-1069 BC). Bannerstone Press, Oakville 2008 ISBN 978-0977409440 , pp. 23-25.
- Martin von Falck, Susanne Martinssen-von Falck: The great pharaohs. From the early days to the Middle Kingdom. Marix, Wiesbaden 2015, ISBN 978-3737409766 , pp. 208-213.
- Thomas Schneider : Lexicon of the Pharaohs . Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96053-3 , p. 54.
Questions of detail
- Biri Fay: The Louvre Sphinx and Royal Sculpture from the Reign of Amenemhat II. Von Zabern, Mainz 1996, ISBN 3-8053-1760-3 .
- Biri Fay: A Re-Used Bust of Amenemhat II in the Hermitage. In: Göttinger Miscellen . (GM) Vol. 150, 1996, pp. 51-63.
- Jaromir Málek : A Graffito of Year 17 of Amenemhet II at el-Hosh. In: Göttinger Miscellen. Vol. 24, 1977, pp. 51-52.
- Thomas Schneider: The Relative Chronology of the Middle Kingdom and the Hyksos Period (Dyns. 12-17). In: Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss, David A. Warburton (eds.): Ancient Egyptian Chronology (= Handbook of Oriental studies. Section One. The Near and Middle East. Volume 83). Brill, Leiden / Boston 2006, ISBN 978-90-04-11385-5 , pp. 168-196 ( online ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Dorothea Arnold : The Fragmented Head of a Queen Wearing the Vulture Headdress. In: Ernst Czerny, Irmgard Hein, Hermann Hunger , Dagmar Melman, Angela Schwab et al. (Eds.): Timelines. Studies in honor of Manfred Bietak (= Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta. Vol. 149). Volume 1. Peeters et al., Leuven et al. 2006, ISBN 90-429-1730-X , p. 47, footnote 3.
- ↑ Hartwig Altenmüller , Ahmed M. Moussa: The inscription of Amenemhet II from the Ptah temple of Memphis. Preliminary report. In: Studies on ancient Egyptian culture. Vol. 18, 1991, ISSN 0340-2215 , pp. 1-48.
predecessor | Office | successor |
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Sesostris I. |
King of Egypt 12th Dynasty |
Sesostris II. |
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Amenemhet II |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | ancient Egyptian king of the 12th dynasty |
DATE OF BIRTH | before 1932 BC Chr. |
DATE OF DEATH | around 1901 BC Chr. |