Ampelocissus

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Ampelocissus
Ampelocissus latifolia

Ampelocissus latifolia

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Rosids
Order : Grapevine-like (vitales)
Family : Grapevines (Vitaceae)
Subfamily : Vitoideae
Genre : Ampelocissus
Scientific name
Ampelocissus
Planch.

Ampelocissus is a genus of plants within the grapevine family(Vitaceae). The 90 to 95 species arewidespreadin the Old World and Central America, and are mainly found in tropical areas.

description

Appearance and leaves

In ampelocissus TYPES rarely are perennial herbaceous plants or mostly little to more woody plants that are rarely independently upright as shrubs or climbing mostly as lianas grow. They can be evergreen or deciduous. The shoot tendrils , which stand opposite the leaves, often in the axes of the inflorescences, are single or bifurcated.

There are Ampelocissus species with heterophylly . The alternate and bifurcated or spiral leaves on the stem axis are usually divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. Depending on the species, the leaf blade is simple, three- to eleven-fold palmate, pinnate or pinnate. The leaf sections can be stalked. The leaf surfaces are often dotted with glands. The leaf nerve is mostly hand-nerved or pinnate and the network nerves can also be recognizable. The inconspicuous, triangular stipules fall off early.

Inflorescences and flowers

The opposite foliage leaves, often Blütenstandsschäften standing, inflorescences are paniculate , zymös , capitate or composite dichasia or thyrsi and usually contain many flowers. There are bracts , bracts and flower stalks.

Ampelocissus species are seldom polygamous , but mostly all flowers are hermaphroditic. The relatively small flowers are four or five-fold and have radial symmetry with a double flower envelope . The four or five bald sepals are cup-shaped over mostly their entire length and calyx teeth are at most very short. The four or five free, spread out petals can be somewhat hood-shaped at the top and fall off individually. The well-developed, cup-shaped disc is fused with the base of the ovary and is angular, often with five or ten grooves. There is only the inner circle of stamens with four or five fertile, identical, free stamens . The two carpels are an above-permanent, two-chambered ovary grown. There are only two ovules per ovary chamber . The mostly short and conical stylus usually have about ten combs and end in a relatively small, only slightly widened scar.

Fruits and seeds

The spherical or elliptical berries are fleshy and usually contain only one to four seeds.

The seeds are obovate, almost spherical or elliptical-elongated or flattened boat-shaped. The raphe is linear in cross section and the somewhat spatulate chalaza nodes are located in a shallow depression or there is a clear keel and a furrow. The oil-containing endosperm is T-shaped in cross section. The straight embryo has two germ layers ( cotyledons ). The seed coat is wrinkled differently depending on the species.

Sets of chromosomes

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40.

Systematics and distribution

The first description of ampelocissus in 1884 by Jules Émile Planchon in La Vigne Américaine (et la Viticulture en Europe); see culture, son avenir en Europe ; 8, 1, pp. 371-372. Type species is Ampelocissus latifolia (Roxb.) Planch. Ampelocissus Planch. nom. cons. is preserved in accordance with the ICBN rules (Vienna ICBN Art. 14.4 & App. III) compared to Botria Lour. nom. rej.

The genus Ampelocissus belongs to the subfamily Vitoideae within the Vitaceae family .

The wide natural range of the genus Ampelocissus includes Asia and Australia , tropical Africa , Madagascar , Malesia , Oceania and Central America . There are five species in China, two of them only there. Only three species are native to Australia.

There are 90 to 95 Ampelocissus species, here is a selection:

Herbarium material ( holotype ) from Ampelocissus asekii

use

The fruits of some species, such as Ampelocissus africana , are eaten.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d e C. Gardner & TA James: Ampelocissus in the New South Wales Flora Online .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Hui Ren & Jun Wen: Ampelocissus , p. 208 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 12 - Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2007. ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1
  3. ↑ a b c d e HR Coleman, 2008: Entry in the Western Australian Flora .
  4. ↑ a b c d e H. Wild & RB Drummond: Ampelocissus - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Flora Zambesiaca , Volume 2, 1966 - Vitaceae .
  5. ^ Anna Trias-Blasi, John AN Parnell & Trevor R. Hodkinson: Multi-gene Region Phylogenetic Analysis of the Grape Family (Vitaceae) , In: Systematic Botany , Volume 37, Issue 4, 2012, pp. 941-950. doi : 10.1600 / 036364412X656437
  6. ↑ Ampelocissus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed July 9, 2013.
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h Ampelocissus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
  8. ↑ Enter the taxon in the search mask for Australian Plant Name Index = APNI. ( Memento from August 11, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ^ Cyphostemma in Flora of Zimbabwe .
  10. ^ Cyphostemma in Flora of Mozambique .
  11. ↑ Jun Wen, Robert Kiapranis, Michael Lovave: Ampelocissus asekii J. Wen, R. Kiapranis & M. Lovave, a new species of Vitaceae from Papua New Guinea , In: PhytoKeys , Volume 21, 2013, pp. 1-6. doi : 10.3897 / phytokeys.21.4512 full text online.
  12. ↑ Ampelocissus in the Madagascar Catalog .
  13. ^ Robert Freedman: Famine Foods by NewCROP. ( Memento from July 5, 2009 in the Internet Archive )

Web links

Commons : Ampelocissus  - collection of images, videos and audio files

further reading

  • Maurizio Rossettoac, Betsy R. Jackesb, Kirsten D. Scotta & Robert J. Henry: Is the genus Cissus (Vitaceae) monophyletic? Evidence from plastid and nuclear ribosomal DNA , In: Systematic Botany , 27, Issue 3, 2002, pp. 522-533. on-line.
  • Iju Chen & Steven R. Manchester: Seed morphology of modern and fossil Ampelocissus (Vitaceae) and implications for phytogeography , In: American Journal of Botany , 2007, Volume 94, Issue 9. doi : 10.3732 / ajb.94.9.1534 Volltext-online .
  • JA Lombardi: Vitaceae — Gêneros Ampelocissus, Ampelopsis e Cissus , In: Flora Neotropica Monograph , New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, USA, 2000.
  • A. Latiff: Studies in Malesian Vitaceae. 12. Taxonomic notes on Cissus, Ampelocissus, Nothocissus and Tetrastigma and other genera. In: Folia Malaysiana , Volume 2, 2001, pp. 179-189.