Andreas Carl Haacke

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Excerpt from “District F”, Neustadt around 1756: In the center, dark red the Andreas Church , left in red the Alte Waage and right the elongated wool market .

Andreas Carl Haacke (* 1721 possibly in Bleicherode ; † October 23, 1776 in Wolfenbüttel ) was a German land surveyor and city ​​planner . Haacke made the first exact and detailed plan of the city ​​of Braunschweig between 1762 and 1765 .

life and work

Very little is known from contemporary sources about Haacke's origins and family. He was the "son of the citizen Johann Heinrich Haacke from Bleicherode". The first verifiable date is the day of his wedding to Melusina Dorothea Henriette, b. Rauschen, whom he married on January 25, 1752. The wedding was performed by the pastor of the Katharinenkirche , Paul Johann Bütemeister (1702–1780) in Steingraben Street. As Haackes occupation, he stated "conductor at the local high-princely engineering corps". His wife was the daughter of the late master carpenter Johann Michael Rauschen, who had worked for the fortress and the city council. The couple lived with the mother of the bride in the stone ditch, in the two-story half - timbered house in which the wedding ceremony had also taken place. The stone trench later became part of Wilhelmstrasse . The Haacke couple had four children, three sons and a daughter, who were born between 1754 and 1763. The living conditions were evidently good, because the half-timbered front house also included a rear house and a small garden house. Among the family's tenants was a professor at the Collegium Carolinums , which was founded in 1745 and is the forerunner of today's Technical University . In addition, the family had their own maid .

Nothing is known about Haacke's professional training. From 1750 he worked for a Lieutenant Blum, who was in command of the artillery and the engineering corps for the fortress construction of the city of Braunschweig and for the traffic route network. In 1753 Haacke was appointed chamber conductor in the princely building authority in Wolfenbüttel . The following year he entered the military engineering service as an ensign . In the same year he made a floor plan of the city of Wolfenbüttel. This was followed by plans for various buildings of ducal offices and palaces, including Sophiental , Hessen and Gandersheim . Haackes was promoted to lieutenant in 1760 . In 1767 he was promoted to captain , in 1773 Haacke worked as a construction officer in the Wolfenbüttel and Schöning districts.

District maps of Braunschweig

Andreas Carl Haacke's outstanding surveying achievement, however, consists in the preparation of six maps of the Braunschweig city districts established in 1758, which were labeled "A" to "F". From the Brunswick Duke Karl I , Haacke received the order to measure and document the property boundaries, main, side and auxiliary buildings as well as farms and their gardens on the maps on a scale of 1: 1000 in the years 1762 to 1765 . The houses should also be marked with the building numbers of the Braunschweigische Brandkasse founded in 1753 . Even undeveloped land had to be marked separately. In addition, all public and private wells, emergency wells and cisterns, as well as the pipelines and canals of the various urban water arts, were also listed. The Oker canals and arms should be drawn to scale and with all bridges. Finally, there was another task in the creation of a list of all houses (including their insurance numbers ) sorted by street and with details of the owner. So that Haacke could actually carry out this task, all residents were expressly instructed to give him access to the houses, properties, gardens, etc.

As can be seen from the church register of the Trinity Church in Wolfenbüttel , Andreas Carl Haacke died of "emaciation" at the age of 55.

reception

Haackes hand-colored maps are now regarded as a kind of “ Urkaster ” of the city. Due to their attention to detail and quality, they were used until the end of the 19th century. At the end of the 18th century z. B. Friedrich Wilhelm Culemann Haackes work z. T. for his own city map from 1798. It was not until 1876 that Carl Allers re-measured the city. 1878–1887 Herrmann used Meyer Haackes plans for his city ​​model . Even Wolfgang Meibeyer used Haacke's work for his 1966 published "Population and social geographic differentiation of the city of Brunswick in the mid-18th century" and for his 2007 published book The City of Braunschweig in the 18th century: Cityscape and property in Braunschweig to the measurement of Andreas Carl Haacke 1762 to 1765 .

Today Haacke's originals are in the Wolfenbüttel State Archives .

literature

  • Wolfgang Meibeyer : The city of Braunschweig in the 18th century: townscape and real estate in Braunschweig after the survey by Andreas Carl Haacke 1762 to 1765 , Bürgerstiftung Braunschweig (ed.), Appelhans Verlag, Braunschweig 2007, ISBN 978-393766465-1 .
  • Jürgen Mertens: The recent history of the city of Braunschweig in maps, plans and views. With an outline of the older city history and a time table by R. Moderhack . Edited by the city of Braunschweig / Vermessungsamt, Braunschweig 1981, pp. 140–142.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Meibeyer: The city of Braunschweig in the 18th century ... , p. XIX
  2. ↑ Parish office of St. Katharinen (ed.): Eight centuries of St. Katharinen Church in Braunschweig. Contributions to their history. Orphanage printing house, Braunschweig 1980, p. 32f.
  3. ^ Historical Commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen (ed.): Lower Saxony Yearbook for State History , Volume 80, Verlag Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hanover 2008, p. 551
  4. ^ A b Dietrich Lösche: State building administration in Lower Saxony: From local building officials in the agricultural district to state building management , Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, Gütersloh 2004, p. 323
  5. ↑ a b c d e Mertens: The recent history of the city of Braunschweig in maps, plans and views ... , p. 141
  6. ^ Richard Moderhack : Braunschweig around 1671 in the city model. , In: Working reports from the Städtisches Museum Braunschweig, issue 29, Braunschweig 1978
  7. ^ Wolfgang Meibeyer: Population and socio-geographical differentiation of the city of Braunschweig around the middle of the 18th century , In: Braunschweigisches Jahrbuch , Volume 47, Waisenhaus-Buchdruckerei, Braunschweig 1966, pp. 125–157
  8. ^ Mertens: The recent history of the city of Braunschweig in maps, plans and views ... , p. 140
personal data
SURNAME Haacke, Andreas Carl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Haacke, Andreas
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German military engineer and cartographer
DATE OF BIRTH 1721
PLACE OF BIRTH uncertain: Bleicherode
DATE OF DEATH October 23, 1776
Place of death Wolfenbüttel