Annapurna Himal
| Annapurna Himal | |
|---|---|
 The Annapurna Himal from the south over Lake Phewa in Pokhara : V. l. No. Annapurna south, Annapurna in front of the also snow-covered Hiunchuli, Machapucharé (steep tip to the left of the center of the picture), Annapurna III (center of the picture, in the background), Annapurna IV, Annapurna II and Lamjung Himal |
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| Highest peak | Annapurna ( 8091 m ) |
| location | Nepal |
| part of | Himalayan main chain |
| Coordinates | 28 ° 35 ' N , 83 ° 57' E |
 Annapurna South, behind Fang and Annapurna |
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 View from the northeast of Tilicho Peak, Nilgiri north, middle and south, and behind them Annapurna, Fang and A. South |
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The Annapurna Himal is an up to 8,091 m high Nepalese mountain group in the Himalayas .
The eight-thousander Annapurna and the 7937 m high Annapurna II belong to the massif , two of the highest 16 mountains on earth . Circumnavigating the Annapurna Himal on the Annapurna Circuit is a popular trekking trip .
etymology
Annapurna is a double word from Sanskrit . The name is another name for the goddess Parvati (the mountain daughter) - in various mythologies also identical to the goddesses Durga (the inaccessible) and Kali (the black) . The name of the mountain is made up of anna (food) and purna (filled with) , Annapurna is the nourishing goddess or the goddess of abundance . The name is also feminine in German .
Some of the peaks of the massif have French names ( Roc Noir , Grande Barrière, etc.), which they received as part of the first ascent expedition to Annapurna in 1950.
Annapurna Himal
| Mountain / peak | height | Notch height | reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annapurna | 8091 m | 2984 m | Mount Everest | |
| Annapurna center | 8051 m | not specified | Annapurna | |
| Annapurna northeast | 8010 m | k. A. | Annapurna | |
| Annapurna II | 7937 m | 2437 m | Annapurna | |
| Varahar Shikar (Fang, Bhara Chuli) | 7647 m | 267 m | Annapurna | |
| Annapurna III | 7555 m | 703 m | Annapurna | |
| Annapurna IV | 7525 m | 225 m | Annapurna II | |
| Roc Noir (Khangsar Kang) | 7485 m | k. A. | Annapurna | |
| Gangapurna | 7455 m | 563 m | Annapurna III | |
| Annapurna South (Annapurna Dakshin, Moditse) | 7219 m | 769 m | Annapurna | |
| Glacier Dome (Tarke Kang) | 7193 m | k. A. | Annapurna | |
| Asapurna I | 7140 m | 262 m | Annapurna | |
| Tilicho Peak | 7134 m | 710 m | Annapurna | |
| Annapurna Dakshin North East | 7126 m | 151 m | Annapurna South | |
| Asapurna II (Tare Kang) | 7069 m | 156 m | Asapurna I | |
| Nilgiri North | 7061 m | 841 m | Annapurna | |
| Machapucharé | 6993 m | 1233 | Annapurna | |
| Lamjung Himal | 6983 m | k. A. | Annapurna II | |
| Nilgiri means | 6940 m | 240 m | Nilgiri North | |
| Nilgiri South | 6839 m | 609 m | Nilgiri North | |
| Lachenal Peak | 7140 m | k. A. | Annapurna |
Geography of the Annapurna massif
The Annapurna massif rises above the southern foothills of the Himalayas. It is separated from the Dhaulagiri massif in the west by the Kali Gandaki valley . To the east and north, the Manang Valley creates a natural border.
The Annapurna massif consists of a main ridge that extends in a west-east direction. In the east the ridge begins with the Lamjung Himal, a nearly 7000 meter high mountain, to which the nearly 1000 meter higher Annapurna II connects. This is followed by the 7525 meter high Annapurna IV, which is not considered a separate mountain with a chart difference (based on Annapurna II) of 425 meters. Further west, the main ridge descends to approx. 5500 m and then climbs steeply towards Annapurna III ( 7555 m ). The Gangapurna is exactly 100 meters lower. The ridge continues over the summit of the Glacier Dome (Tarke Kang, 7193 m ) and climbs to the 7485 meter high Khangsar Kang, which the French first climbers of Annapurna called Roc Noir (black rock) because there is no snow on its steep flank remains lying. The Annapurna ridge divides at Roc Noir.
In the north-west there is a kilometer-long, almost incline-free wall about 7000 meters high, which ends at Tilicho Peak ( 7134 m ) and was called the Grande Barrière by the French because of its insurmountability . To the west of Tilicho Peak follow the peaks of Nilgiri, which tower above Kali Gandaki. The north summit of the Nilgiri reaches a height of 7061 meters. North of Tilicho Peak, Thorong La , a 5416 meter high pass, enables the transition from Manang Valley to Kali Gandaki.
The main ridge branches off slightly from the Roc Noir towards west-south-west and reaches an altitude of over 8000 meters on three peaks (Annapurna north-east, Annapurna center and Annapurna). The ridge now turns to the south-west to the Annapurna Fang ( 7647 m ) - like the Roc Noir, a secondary peak of the Annapurna - and finally sinks to the south, where it rises again to 7219 meters to the Annapurna South. To the east of Annapurna South is the 6,441 meter high Hiunchuli. The most important ridge, which branches off from the main ridge in a southerly direction, leads from Annapurna III to Machapucharé , which misses the 7,000-meter mark by seven meters, but appears as the most striking mountain of the massif when viewed from the south. It has not yet been officially climbed: because it is considered sacred, attempts to climb it are not permitted. On the south side of Annapurna is the Annapurna Sanctuary (Annapurna sanctuary), in which the Annapurna Base Camp (ABC) is located at 4100 meters. This mountain arena is framed in the north by the Annapurna and its secondary peaks, in the west and south by Annapurna South and Hiunchuli and in the east by Machapucharé and its connecting ridge to Annapurna III.
Surroundings
To the west, the Annapurna-Himal massif borders the Kali-Gandaki valley. Beyond this "deepest valley on earth" lies the Dhaulagiri Himal with the 8167 meter high Dhaulagiri .
The northern and eastern borders are the Manang Valley. Eastern neighbors are the mountains of the Mansiri Himal with the Manaslu ( 8163 m ). In the north, beyond the Manang Valley, the Mansiri Himal from east to west is followed by Peri and Damodar Himal .
Lake Tilicho on the border of the Annapurna Himal and Damodar Himal is one of the highest lakes on earth.
The Annapurna and Kali Gandaki Rivers are part of the Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP).
A trekking path circles the Annapurna Himal almost completely. This so-called Annapurna Circuit is in some parts the most popular trekking route in Nepal. The circumnavigation, which takes between 18 and 21 days, crosses the 5416 meter high Thorong La pass north of Tilicho Peak.
Places around the Annapurna Himal are Pisang , Manang , Muktinath , Jomsom , Marpha, Kalopani, Tatopani ( hot springs ), Ghorepani ( Poon Hill viewpoint ), Gandrung and Landrung.
To the northwest lies the former Kingdom of Mustang . The next major city is Pokhara in the south.
Annapurna Conservation Area
The nature of the Annapurna massif is protected by the Annapurna Conservation Area . With an area of 7,629 square kilometers, this reserve is the largest protected area in Nepal and is home to a total of 97 species of mammals and 476 species of birds. This includes snow leopards and musk deer particularly noteworthy species. Other larger mammals are blue sheep , Himalayan tears , Himalayan seraue ( C. s. Thar ) and gorals ( N. g. Goral ). Due to the great differences in altitude that the reserve includes, animals from lower elevations such as Indian leopards , wild boars , collar bears , cat bears , golden cats , Indian muntjak deer , rhesus monkeys and Hanuman langurs also occur.
Individual evidence
- ^ Günter Oskar Dyhrenfurth: To the third pole. The eight-thousanders on earth . Munich 1952, p. 157.
- ↑ Information for height, notch height and reference mountains according to Eberhard Jurgalski : High Asia - All mountains and main peaks above 6750 m. to: www.8000ers.com (accessed April 2, 2010)
- ↑ To the name Roc Noir
- ↑ H. Adams Carter: Classifaction of the Himalayas. (PDF; 4.8 MB). In: American Alpine Journal. 1985, pp. 109-141, accessed October 10, 2012.
- ↑ UR Bhuju, PR Shakya, TB Basnet, S. Shrestha: Nepal Biodiversity Resource Book. Protected Areas, Ramsar Sites, and World Heritage Sites. International Center for Integrated Mountain Development, Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, in cooperation with United Nations Environment Program, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. Kathmandu, Nepal 2007, ISBN 978-92-9115-033-5 . download pdf ( Memento from March 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ DM Shackleton (eds.) And the IUCN / SSC Caprinae Specialist Group: Wild Sheep and Goats and their Relatives. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan for Caprinae. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland / Cambridge, UK 1997.
- ↑ KK Gurung, Raj Singh: Field Guide to the Mammals of the Indian Subcontinent. Academic Press, San Diego 1996, ISBN 0-12-309350-3 , pp. 78-79.
literature
- Katrin Bernardy, Jan Leonhardt, Perdita Pohle: Insights into the habitat of Nepal. Reports of a student project about the Nepalese mountain village Ghandruk (Annapurna region, central Nepal) within the framework of the "International Year of Mountains 2002" . Institute for Geography, Giessen 2006, ISBN 3-936705-99-2 . (Full text)
Web links
- Map of the Annapurna Himal on www.digitalhimalaya.com, a site of the University of Cambridge (accessed December 3, 2009)
- Annapurna Trekking Nepal Site 3D route planner with lots of information and pictures
- Comprehensive presentation of Annapurna with links to good pictures (German)
- Route around the Annapurna (English)
- Pictures from a hike near Annapurna
- Origin and meaning of the name
- Panoramic picture of the Annapurna massif
