Antoine de Chabannes

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A Chevalier des Ordre du Saint-Michel, probably Antoine de Chabannes, detail of the frontispiece from the copy of the statute de l'ordre de Saint-Michel by Louis XI, Jean Fouquet , approx. 1469/70, Bibliothèque nationale de France

Antoine de Chabannes (* 1408 in Saint-Exupéry-les-Roches , † December 25, 1488 in Paris) was a French military officer in the service of the kings Charles VII , Louis XI. and Charles VIII. He was Count von Dammartin by his wife's right.

biography

Humble origins

Antoine de Chabannes was the youngest of three sons of Robert de Chabannes, Seigneur de Charlus-le-Pailloux († 1415 at the Battle of Azincourt ), and Alix de Bort, Dame de Peyrefitte, he was seven years old when his father died. Robert de Chabannes was a knight who was famous for his bravery and is mentioned repeatedly in the works of Enguerrand de Monstrelet and Jean Juvénal des Ursins . The Seigneur de Charlus made his will on August 17, 1410, in which he appointed his eldest son Étienne de Chabannes as a universal heir. Étienne died with the rank of captain in the battle of Cravant on July 30th, 1423. According to the provisions of the will, most of the family inheritance should go to Jacques I. de Chabannes , the second son, if the eldest son remained without an heir.

The guardianship of the young Antoine seems to have taken over Jacques, who gave him the basics of a military training. As a result, a strong emotional bond between the two brothers was inseparable from their military careers. As a knight, born without fortune and without rank, he was all his life under the urge to acquire titles and build up a property worthy of his rank. This material necessity shaped his whole life in the royal service and was often exposed to political intrigues. After a difficult time in disgrace, he became the gray eminence of Louis XI, called l'universal arragne ("the universal spider"), and as Grand Master of France one of the last great feudal lords and a feared central figure of the monarchy.

The companion in arms Joan of Arc

He started out as a squire ( Écuyer ) of the Vicomte de Ventadour , a relative, and of Étienne de Vignolles , known as La Hire . He experienced his first battle at the age of 15 with the Battle of Cravant at the side of his brother Étienne, who fell that day. The following year, Antoine is found again alongside La Hire and Jean Poton de Xaintrailles in the Battle of Verneuil (August 17, 1424), in which he was captured by the English. Due to his youth he was released without a ransom by John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford and sent back to Jacques de Chabannes. Shortly afterwards he entered the service of Duke Charles I de Bourbon .

At the beginning of the siege of Orleans in 1428, the young, only 20-year-old Antoine de Chabannes made some forays through the Beauce , where he met English troops who arrested him and locked him in Dourdan Castle . With the help of Simon Morhier , Prévôt de Paris , Antoine managed to use the inattentiveness of his prison guards to escape.

After another arrest and release, he distinguished himself at the siege of Orléans as a comrade in arms of Joan of Arc and participated in the wake of numerous battles: Jargeau , Patay , Compiègne (with the capture of Joan of Arc) and Précy-sur- Oise .

He then left the regular army and joined the Écorcheurs , one of the Grandes Compagnies , where he rose to become one of the leaders. Theft and pillage were the common goal of these dreaded men, they ravaged Burgundy , Champagne and Lorraine . His wedding in Creil on September 20, 1439 with Marguerite de Nanteuil, Countess von Dammartin , also meant his end with the Écorcheurs.

Favorite in the service of Charles VII.

Antoine de Chabannes now entered the service of King Charles VII, to whom he betrayed the praguerie in 1440 , a conspiracy against Charles, in which his son and heir, the later Louis XI. was involved. In 1449 Charles VII awarded him the title of Grand Bread Master of France . Antoine took part in the trial of Jacques Cœur , who was arrested in 1451 , and benefited significantly from the division of his property, as he received a large part of the Puisaye and the castle of Saint-Fargeau .

The accession to the throne of Louis XI. 1461 was the first break in Antoine de Chabannes' career. The king, who had not forgotten the role of Chabannes in the Praguerie affair, sued his father's former servant, whose property was confiscated and who himself was exiled to Rhodes . This exile did not last long, however, as he escaped with the help of accomplices and regained his former domain by driving out the real owner Geoffroy Cœur, the son of Jacques Cœur. De Chabannes then joined the Ligue du Bien public , which was hostile to the monarch , in the conviction that the strictness of the king towards him would not diminish. Louis XI. concluded with the league on October 5, 1465 the Treaty of Conflans , which was signed by the king and Chabannes. 1467 appointed Louis XI. Antoine de Chabannes the Grand Master of France and gave him back his goods. In addition, with a patent letter of August 1, 1469, the king was one of the first to include him in the Ordre de Saint-Michel . In 1472 he took part in the siege of Beauvais against Charles the Bold .

Towards the end of the reign of Louis XI. he fell out of favor again, but Charles VIII's accession to the throne (1483) allowed him to resume his place with the king. In 1485 he was appointed governor of Paris . He died on Christmas Day 1488 in his Hôtel de Beautreillis on Rue Saint-Antoine

marriage and family

Antoine de Chabannes married on September 20, 1439 in Creil Marguerite de Nanteuil († October 13, 1475), Comtesse de Dammartin, daughter of Renaud de Nanteuil, Seigneur d'Acy, and Marie de Fayel, Comtesse de Dammartin, who in turn had a daughter by Guillaume de Fayel, Viscount de Breteuil, and Marguerite de Châtillon, Comtesse de Dammartin. Your children are:

  • Jean de Chabannes (1462-1503), Comte de Dammartin, Seigneur de Saint-Fargeau et de Blancafort ; ⚭ (1) Marguerite bâtarde d'Anjou, illegitimate daughter of Nicholas I , Duke of Lorraine ( House of Valois-Anjou ); ⚭ (2) around 1490 Suzanne de Bourbon (1466–1531), Comtesse de Roussillon et Dame de Montpensier, daughter of Louis de Bourbon, Comte de Roussillon ( Bourbons )
  • Jeanne de Chabannes; ⚭ (1) Marquis de Beaufort ( House of Rogier de Beaufort ); ⚭ (2) Jacques d'Apchier (1452-1524), Baron d'Apchier
  • Jacqueline de Chabannes, Dame d'Onzain; ⚭ April 12, 1469 Jean Vicomte de Polignac († 1500) ( Chalençon house )
  • Anne

In addition, he had an illegitimate daughter of an unknown woman: Hélène de Chabannes († 1513), Dame d' Avrigny ; ⚭ 1490 Jacques de Veilhan, Seigneur de Chassin.

literature

  • Chabannes-La Palice, Notice historique sur la maison de Chabannes ou de Chabannées suivi de l'armorial de ses alliances , Clermont-Ferrand, 1864
  • Joseph de Fréminville, Les écorcheurs en Bourgogne (1435-1445) , École nationale des chartes , 1886
  • Albert Isnard, Antoine de Chabannes, comte de Dammartin, grand maître de France (1408-1488) , École nationale des chartes, 1887 (unpublished thesis)
  • Noel Cadet, Antoine de Chabannes (1408-1488). Sa famille et ses souvenirs à Dammartin-en-Goële , Imprimerie Roche-Brive, 1916, (excerpt from the Bulletin de la Société Scientifique, Historique et Archéologique de la Corrèze )
  • Monique Montcel, Antoine de Chabannes , Thesis, Lyon, Université Jean Moulin (Lyon III), 1967.
  • Antoine de Chabannes et son époque , Actes du colloque de Dammartin en-Goêle, 22./23. October 1988, Bulletin de la Société d'histoire et d'archéologie de la Goêle, No. 21, 2 issues
  • Jean Mesqui, Les Constructions militaires d'Antoine de Chabannes , Bulletin Monumental, Vol. 149, No. 4, 1991, pp. 433-434.
  • Georges Minois , Charles VII: un roi shakespearien , Paris, Perrin, 2005, ISBN 978-2-262-02127-6
  • Loïc Cazaux, Antoine de Chabannes, capitaine d'Écorcheurs et officier royal: fidélités politiques et pratiques militaires au XVe siècle , in: Guilhem Pépin, François Lainé, Frédéric Boutoulle (eds.), Routiers et mercenaires Cent ans. Homage to Jonathan Sumption: actes du colloque de Berbiguières, September 13-14, 2013 , Bordeaux / Pessac, Ausonius, Collection Scripta mediaevalia (No. 28), 2016, ISBN 978-2-35613-149-2
  • Philippe Contamine , Charles VII: une vie, une politique , Paris, Perrin, 2017, ISBN 978-2-262-03975-2

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Château de Pierrefitte in Sarroux-Saint-Julien Corrèze
  2. ^ Comte Henri de Chabannes, Preuves pour servir à l'histoire de la Maison de Chabannes , Volume 1, p. 134 (Testament de Robert de Chabannes), Imprimerie Jobard, Dijon 1892
  3. ^ Chronique Martiniène: Les Vies de Jacques et d'Antoine de Chabannes , Duplessis, 1617
  4. ↑ Jean-Henri Taveau, Un grand capitaine du XVe: Antoine de Chabannes, Comte de Dammartin , 1978
  5. ↑ Pierre Jeauneau, Charny et ses racines , in: Yonne, Terre de Passion , 2003
  6. ↑ Eusèbe de Laurière, Ordonnances des Rois de France de la 3e Race ... , Volume 17, Imprimerie Royale, 1820, p. 237
  7. ^ Henri Sauval, Histoire et recherches des antiquités de la ville de Paris , Book 2, Volume 2, p. 183, Paris 1724
personal data
SURNAME Chabannes, Antoine de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French nobleman and military man, Grand Master of France
DATE OF BIRTH 1408
PLACE OF BIRTH Saint-Exupéry-les-Roches
DATE OF DEATH December 25, 1488
Place of death Paris