Anton Rochel

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Anton Rochel (born June 18, 1770 in Neunkirchen , † May 12, 1847 in Graz ) was an Austrian surgeon and botanist . Hungarian form of name: Rochel Antal .

biography

Anton Rochel was the son of the businessman Matthias Rochel. After the early death of his mother, he attended a Jesuit school in the far-away Bohemian Kuttenberg (modern Kutná Hora) and began an apprenticeship with the Neufelden surgeon ("surgeon") Franz Kachelmayer in September 1785 . In 1788 he became a “Wundarzney journeyman” and joined the Austrian army. In the 1790s he was involved as a field surgeon in the Russo-Austrian Turkish War (1787–1792) before continuing his surgical studies in Vienna. At the end of September 1792 he was awarded the title of Master of Surgery ; a few weeks later he also received a diploma as an obstetrician. Until his capture in the failed First Coalition War , he served in the Austrian army; after his release he stayed in France and Holland and did not return to Austria until the end of 1798.

In the two decades between 1800 and 1820 Rochel practiced as a doctor in Moravia for a few months (1799–1800), then for twenty years in what was then Hungary (in Lednické Rovne in Trenčín County and from 1811 to 1815 in Oravské Veselé ); During this time he also held two positions as court doctor at local notables . Towards the end of his fifth decade, however, he made his previous hobby, botany, his real purpose in life, and he gave up the practical work as a doctor. In later writings Rochel reports on his botanical research and collecting activities, which he had already carried out between 1815 and 1820 while traveling through the Banat. Colleagues reported that Rochel made “in the first decades of this century numerous excursions from his place of residence in Rownye, even to more distant parts (...), many dried plants from here were exchanged and bought by European botanists, and even today many are circulated in private Society and Museum Herbaria ”. It is also known that he had already created a botanical garden in Rownye, in which he is said to have grown around 2000 plant species.

In 1820 he took up the position of “garden master” of the Botanical Garden of the University of Pest (modern Budapest ) and curator of the botanical collections there; he filled this position until his retirement on March 10, 1840. In Budapest he worked for twelve years side by side with the well-known botanist Carl Constantin Haberle (1764-1832), who had been director of the Botanical Gardens since 1818 and held the chair of botany at the University of Budapest. In 1823 Rochel sold "a rich collection of Hungarian plants" to the Kaiserl's botanical department. Natural history cabinets in Vienna, and we can assume that Rochel sold dried plants ( desiccates ) several times to private collectors and museums; this was usually done in packets of a hundred desiccates of different species (so-called "centuries").

After his retirement, Rochel traveled in 1840 to his son Anton, who worked as a “commercial gardener” in St. Petersburg . He returned to Budapest via Dresden and Vienna, but then went to Graz in 1841, where he spent the last years of his life.

Outside of botanical circles, Rochel became known for the fact that in 1839 he sold his large herbarium - which he had compiled over four decades since the later 1790s - to the Saxon King Friedrich August II. For the price of an annual annuity of 600 fl. An annuity of 600 guilders at that time (around 1840) corresponded to the annual salary of an accounting officer in the Viennese bureaucracy or a collector in a "kk commercial customs office" - certainly not a princely payment, but a "very decent" income or - in the Rochels case - a good pension. The Saxon monarch was known as a passionate botanist who, together with Goethe, collected the material for the Flora Marienbadensis (1837) and collected his own herbarium (the basis of the later Herbarium Dredense ); He also undertook several botanical hiking trips in Europe and financed research and collecting trips for botanists.

Importance as a botanist

Rochel was particularly known for his botanical research in the Carpathian Mountains and in particular in the Banat , which he carried out mainly between 1810 and 1830. He reported on his results in several writings and plant catalogs (which appeared “at the expense of the author”!); Rochel also contributed drawings of newly described and classified plants to his own and other publications. However, numerous of Rochel's notes, plant descriptions and illustrations were never printed. Before his death he had many of them at the Budapest National Museum and the Royal. Natural history cabinet in Dresden (which was cured by Ludwig Reichenbach until 1862 ).

In the years 1833-1835 he took part in the expeditions organized by the Austro-Hungarian scientist Imre Friváldszky von Friváld to explore the flora and insect fauna of the Balkan Peninsula . Rochel was on site with several colleagues and reported by letter on the progress of the research. He and his fellow collectors roamed central and southern Bulgaria and northern Greece; one of their headquarters was Sliven in what is now Bulgaria .

Rochel's botanical abbreviation is Rochel .

Taxa and dedication names

Rochelia disperma (Mardin, Turkey)
Myosotis ramosissima Rochel, Route d'Ailly-sur-Meuse (France)

Genus:

  • Rochelia (tribe Rochelieae , Boraginaceae family), named at the instigation of the German botanist Ludwig Reichenbach .
    • including the species: Rochelia cancellata , Rochelia cardiosepala , Rochelia disperma , Rochelia stylaris. For more see the International Plant Name Index (IPNI)

Other species named after Rochel (selection):

Species described by Rochel (examples):

Memberships

Fonts

  • 1820: “Prenumeration advertisement. Plant outlines from the southeastern Carpathian of the Banates (...) ”. In: Intelligence Journal of Austrian Literature , No. 59 (July 22, 1820), p. 236 ( pdf ). The work shown did not appear in print until 1826 (see below)
  • 1821: Natural historical miscelles over the northwestern Karpath in Upper Hungary. With a card . Pest: Johann Thom. from Trattner ( Google ). This work was already offered for subscription in July 1820 , but then - probably due to a lack of subscribers - had to be printed “at the expense of the author”.
  • 1826: Plant outlines from the southeastern Carpathian of the Banat. First delivery with 82 illustrations in natural size together with the necessary dissections on the 39 plates, drawn from life and provided with descriptions . Vienna
  • 1828: Plantae Banatus rariores, iconibus et descriptionibus illustratae. Praemisso tractatu phytogeographico et subnexis additamentis in terminologiam botanicam. Accedunt tubulae botanicae XL et mappae lithographicae . Pest: Ludwig Landerer ( BSB digital ) ( ÖNB )
  • 1834: “Preliminary news about the first plant shipment from the Balkans, which Mr. Dr. E. von Frivaldszky received on February 6, 1834 ”. In: Intelligence sheet for the general botanical newspaper II = Flora , Volume 17 (1834), pp. 17-27.
  • 1838: Botanical trip to the Banat in 1835, along with occasional comments and a list of all wild phaneroganic plants found there up to that hour, together with topographical contributions on the southeastern part of the Danube River in the Austrian Empire . With a lithographed view . Pest: Gustav Hackenast / Leipzig: Otto Wigand ( Google )

literature

  • Constantin von Wurzbach : Rochel, Anton . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 26th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1874, pp. 214–216 ( digitized version ).
  • August Kanitz : History of botany in Hungary (sketches) . Wilh. Riemschneider, Hanover / Mor. Rath, Pest 1863 ( Google ), pp. 77-81.
  • Johann Daniel Ferdinand Neigebaur : History of the Imperial Leopoldino-Carolinian German Academy of Natural Scientists during the second century of its existence . Friedrich Frommann, Jena 1860, directory of the members of the academy, according to the chronological order, p. 260 ( archive.org ).
  • Umberto Quattrocchi: CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names. Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology . Volume IV: R-Z , CRC Press, Boca Raton 2000, p. 2325.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The information to Rochels life before 1800 from the BLKÖ, which is a well-informed source thereof, and from Kanitz. 1863
  2. ^ Rochel, "Prenumeration Display" (1820), p. 236.
  3. ^ Josef Knapp: Two days in the Trencsiner Comitate . In: Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift . tape XIV , no. 11 . Vienna November 1864, p. 342-347, here p. 346 .
  4. ↑ Bohumil Slavík: Seseli rigidum WALDST. et KIT. - a new species for the Czechoslovak flora . In: Preslia . tape 40 . Prague 1968, p. 184–191, here p. 190 . ( digitalniknihovna.cz ).
  5. ↑ Leopold J. Fitzinger: History of the Imperial King. Hof-Naturalien-Cabinets in Vienna. III. Division . In: Session reports of the mathematical and natural science class of the Imperial Academy of Sciences . 58, Section I: Book I to V. Vienna 1868, p. 35–110, here p. 77 .
  6. ↑ a b Kanitz 1863, p. 81.
  7. ^ Nikolaus Lenau: Works and Letters. Historical-critical complete edition . Ed .: Helmut Brandt u. v. a. Klett-Cotta / Deuticke, Vienna 1992, p. 261 .
  8. ↑ Completed jobs and services . In: The eagle . No. 17 . Vienna January 20, 1840, p. 136 .
  9. ^ Herbarium Dresdense (DR). Retrieved November 15, 2019 .
  10. ↑ Ivan Švegel: King Friedrich August II of Saxony's Botanical Hikes in the Julian Alps 100 years ago . In: Communications of the Thuringian Botanical Association . New episode 44, 1937, p. 35–41 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  11. ^ Gottlieb Wilhelm Bischoff: Textbook of Botany . II. Part Two: General Botany III. E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart 1839, p. 684 .
  12. ^ Emil Winckler: History of Botany . Literary Institute, Frankfurt a. M. 1854, p. 512 .
  13. ↑ See the detailed information on these manuscripts etc. by August Kanitz in Linnaea , Volume 17 (Halle, p. 1865), p. 543 f.
  14. ^ Rochel, Anton (1770-1847). In: International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Retrieved November 15, 2019 .
  15. ↑ "Rochelia". International Plant Names Index (IPNI), accessed November 16, 2019 .
  16. ↑ Alyssum rochelii Andrz. ex Rchb. The Plant List (TPL), accessed November 16, 2019 .
  17. ↑ Cytisus rochelii Griseb. & Schenk. Trees and Shrubs Online, accessed November 16, 2019 .
  18. ↑ Cytisus rochelii Wierzb. The Plant List (TPL), accessed November 16, 2019 .
  19. ↑ Mentha rocheliana Borbas & Heinr.Braun. IBIS-Flora, accessed on November 15, 2019 .
  20. ↑ Mentha rocheliana Borbás & Heinr.Braun. The Plant List (TPL), accessed November 15, 2019 .
  21. ↑ Veronica rochelii Sandor ex J.Keller. International Plant Names Index (IPNI), accessed November 16, 2019 .
  22. ↑ Myosotis ramosissima Rochel. The Plant List (TPL), accessed November 16, 2019 .
  23. ↑ See also: Anton Rochel. List of members Leopoldina, accessed on November 16, 2019 .
  24. ↑ See the subscription advertisement in the Intelligence Journal of Austrian Literature , No. 60 (July 26, 1820), p. 260.
personal data
SURNAME Rochel, Anton
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rochel, Antal
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian surgeon and botanist
DATE OF BIRTH June 18, 1770
PLACE OF BIRTH Neunkirchen (Lower Austria)
DATE OF DEATH May 12, 1847
Place of death Graz