Assen (noble family)

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Fresco from the Boyana Church
The Assen Church of the Holy Sepulcher, the Forty Great Martyers in Veliko Tarnovo .

The house of Assen ( Bulgarian Асен , scientific transliteration Asen ) was a Bulgarian ruling family. Their relatives were also called Asenids, Asenites and in Byzantium Asanes (Ασάνης).

origin

However, the origin of the Assen dynasty is disputed. Both Wallachian and Cumanian origins are suspected. Czar Kalojan's documents establish a continuity with the rulers of the first Bulgarian empire .

In the Middle Ages the fortress was Lovech seat of Bolyars Assen, the founder of the dynasty. In 1185/1186, under his sons Iwan Assen I and Theodor / Peter IV. Assen, it became the center of an uprising that stretched in the area between the Balkan Mountains and the Danube and was directed against the Byzantine emperor Isaac II Angelos . Its success culminated in the peace treaty with Byzantium signed in Lovech in 1187, which sealed the establishment of the Second Bulgarian Empire "de jure". The city of Tarnowgrad was chosen as the new capital . Under the Assen dynasty, the second Bulgarian empire managed to reach new heights. It dominated the Balkan Peninsula again not only militarily but also culturally.

Outstanding rulers in the founding generation were Kaloyan, who won the support of the Pope for the coronation of the tsar and for an independent church organization under the Bulgarian patriarch in 1204 , and his nephew Ivan Assen II (1218-1241) who tried to usurp his uncle Boril (1204-1218) ) ended. A clever marriage policy brought the Assenids into family ties to the Hungarian, Serbian and Epirot ruling houses as well as to the Latins in Constantinople and to the Greeks in Nicea . The Assenids died out with Kaliman II. Assen (1256–1257) in a direct male line.

Bulgarian tsars nicknamed Assen

Bulgaria under Ivan Assen II after the battle of Klokotnitsa .
Despotate Morea around 1450
  1. Ivan Assen I.
  2. Peter IV. Assen
  3. Kaloyan Assen
  4. Boril Assen
  5. Ivan Assen II.
  6. Kaliman I. Assen
  7. Michael II. Assen
  8. Kaliman II. Assen
  9. Mizo Assen
  10. Konstantin Tich Assen , married only to one Assen princess (Ivan II's granddaughter)
  11. Ivan Assen III.
  12. Michael III Schischman Assen , but came from the Schischmanen branch line

Despots of Morea nicknamed Assen

  1. Andronikos Asanes
  2. Manuel (Assen) Kantakuzenos
  3. Matthaios Assen
  4. Demetrios I. Assen

Tribe list

  1. Ivan Assen I , Tsar of Bulgaria († 1176) ⚭ Elena
    1. Ivan Assen II. († June 24, 1241) Tsar of Bulgaria ⚭ 1.) Anna
      1. Marija ⚭ 1225 Manuel Komnenos Dukas Angelos , vassal and despot of Thessaloniki
      2. Beloslawa ⚭ after 1285 Stefan Vladislav , King of Raszien
    2. Iwan Assen II. ⚭ 2.) 1221 Maria († 1237) of Hungary, daughter of King Andrew II of Hungary
      1. Elena Assenina of Bulgaria (* 1224; † 1254) ⚭ 1235 Theodor II Dukas Laskaris , Byzantine emperor (see Laskarids )
        1. Irene Assenina ⚭ Konstantin Tich Assen († 1277) Tsar of the Bulgarians
        2. Maria Assenina ⚭ Nikephoros Angelos of Epirus († 1296)
        3. John IV. Dukas Laskaris Asanes , Emperor 1258–1261
      2. Tamara (* after 1230)
      3. Kaliman I (* 1234; † 1246), Tsar of Bulgaria (1241-1246)
    3. Iwan Assen II. ⚭ 3.) 1237/38 Irene Angelina Komnene daughter of the emperor Theodoros I. Angelos Komnenos Dukas ,
      1. Michael II. Assen (* approx. 1238; † 1256), Tsar of Bulgaria (1246–1256)
      2. Anna-Teodora ⚭ Sebastokrator Petar
        1. Daughter ⚭ Shishman I. , Despot of Vidin ; For descendants see Haus Schischman
      3. Marija ⚭ Boljaren Mizo Assen
        1. Ivan Assen III. Mizo Tsar of Bulgaria (1279–80) ⚭ Irene Palaiologina († 1302), daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII. Dukas Komnenos Palaiologos , whose children bore the Greek variant of Assen, Asanes, as a family name
          1. Michael Asanes ⚭
            1. Avraam
            2. Yaroslav
            3. Irene
          2. Andronikos Asanes († after 1322) Despot in Morea (1316–1322) ⚭ Dukaina, daughter of Michael Dukas Glabas Tarchaneiotes
            1. Manuel Komnenos Raul Asanes ⚭ 1321 a daughter of Theodoros Synadenos
              1. Johannes Asanes
              2. Andronikos Asanes
            2. Johannes Asanes , governor of Constantinople ⚭ 1347 a daughter of Alexios Apokaukos
              1. Anna Asanina ⚭ Johannes Kontostephanos
            3. Irene (Palaiologina Komnena) Asanina of Bulgaria (* approx. 1300; † approx. 1379) ⚭ John VI. Kantakuzenos , Byzantine emperor; their children were named Kantakuzenos
              1. Helena Kantakuzene Asanina († 1397) ⚭ 1347 Johannes V. Palaiologos , Byzantine emperor
              2. Theodora Asanina
              3. Maria Asanina
              4. Andronikos Asanes
              5. Manuel Kantakuzenos , despot in Morea (1354-1380)
              6. Matthaios Asanes Kantakuzenos , Byzantine co-emperor, despot in Mistra (1357 - approx. 1380) and Morea (1380–1383) ⚭ Irene Palaiologina († around 1391), daughter of the despot Demetrios Palaiologos
                1. Demetrios I. Asanes Kantakuzenos , Despot of Morea (1383)
                2. Elena Asanina ⚭ Don Luis Fadrik, Baron of Salona .
            4. Elena Asanina
          3. Isaak Palaiologos Asanes ⚭ Theodora
            1. Andronikos Asanes
            2. Michael Asanes , despot in Morea
            3. Irene Asanina ⚭ 1346/51 Georgios Philanthropenos, Archon of Lemnos
            4. Andreas Asanes , despot in Morea
              1. Isaac Asanes ⚭ Anna
                1. Andreas Asanes ⚭
                  1. Manuel Asanes
          4. Konstantinos Asanes ⚭
            1. Michael, administrator of Lesbos ⚭ Irene, daughter of Joannes Synadenos
          5. Manuel Asanes
          6. Theodora Asanina ⚭ Manuel Tagaris
          7. Maria Asanina ⚭ Roger de Flor
          8. Anna Asanina, engaged to Michael Dukas Angelos , from Neopatrai
        2. Kira-Maria Assenina ⚭ Georgi Terter († after 1304), Tsar of Bulgaria (1280–1292)
    4. Alexander Assen († 1241) ⚭ a daughter of King Stefan Nemanjić
      1. Kalojan-Kaliman II. († 1256), Tsar of Bulgaria (1256) ⚭ a daughter of the Russian Grand Duke Rostislav
  2. Peter IV († 1197), Tsar of Bulgaria (1185–87, 1196–97)
  3. Kalojan (* approx. 1170, † 1207), Tsar of Bulgaria (1197–1207) ⚭ Cuman princess
    1. Bethleem
    2. Marja († after 1216) ⚭ 1209 Latin Emperor of Constantinople Heinrich of Flanders
  4. Daughter ⚭ a Boljar
    1. Alexius Slaw († after 1229), despot of Melnik ⚭ an illegitimate daughter of Heinrich von Flanders
  5. Daughter ⚭
    1. Boril Assen , Tsar of Bulgaria (1207–1218) ⚭ Cuman princess
    2. Stres († 1214), sole ruler between Struma and Vardar

literature

Web links

Commons : Haus Assen  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ LMA
  2. ^ Edgar Hösch , Karl Nehring & Holm Sundhaussen (eds.): Lexicon for the history of Southeast Europe. Böhlau, Vienna / Cologne / Weimar, Böhlau Verlag 2004, ISBN 3-205-77193-1 . Pp. 62-63
  3. ↑ Beginning of the Tich Assen dynasty
  4. ↑ For more children see Kantakuzenos or Kantakuzenos family
  5. ^ Beginning of the Terter dynasty