Branched hedgehog cob

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Branched hedgehog cob
Hedgehog cob (Sparganium erectum)

Hedgehog cob ( Sparganium erectum )

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Cattail family (Typhaceae)
Genre : Hedgehog Cob ( Sparganium )
Type : Branched hedgehog cob
Scientific name
Sparganium erectum
L.

The branchy bur-reed ( Sparganium erectum ), even upright bur reed called, is a plant type from the family of typhaceae (Typhaceae). The ripe seeds form a ball with outward-pointing tips. The term "hedgehog cob" is derived from this seed arrangement.

description

Vegetative parts of plants with rhizomes and roots
Illustration after Otto Wilhelm Thomé : Flora of Germany, Austria and Switzerland 1885
Habitus in the habitat
Fruit cluster

Vegetative characteristics

The branchy hedgehog is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of growth of up to 1.7 meters. It grows rigidly upright, never flooding. There are no floating leaf forms like the dwarf hedgehog's cob ( Sparganium natans ). The upright hedgehog has a strong "rhizome" with an extensive, creeping, starch- rich rhizome .

The leaves are stiff and coarse, dark green, triangular at the bottom, with a keel reaching to the tip at the top and gradually pointed. The upper leaves are light, striped lengthways, matt and are up to 50 centimeters long and up to 1.5 centimeters wide.

Generative characteristics

The plant forms shoots that are 30 to 60 centimeters high . The flower stalks are branched. The branchy hedgehog is single-sexed ( monoecious ). The unisexual flowers are combined to form spherical heads, which are in a panicley branched overall inflorescence . On each side branch, two to three female heads appear in the axilla of a foliage-like bract , followed by several male heads. These are provided with dark petal tips before they bloom, which makes their inflorescence look piebald. The scars are long and threadbare.

The nut fruit is usually brownish. The shape and color of the fruits are used to distinguish the subspecies.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 30.

ecology

The branchy hedgehog is a swamp and water plant as well as a mud root with rhizome, which mostly roots in water. The vegetative propagation takes place through runners (root creeping pioneer).

The leaves have a ventilation tissue ( aerenchyma ) that is adapted to the lack of oxygen in the flooded environment. His green parts are rich in needle-shaped calcium oxalate - crystals ( raphides ). These serve as protection against feeding. As in the genus Cornus, the spiral stiffeners of the trachea can be pulled out of the leaves after they have been bent .

In terms of flower ecology, it is a wind-flowering species of the "immobile type". The branchy hedgehog is male and the ovules are not fully developed at the time of pollination . The self-pollination is successful. The pollen is also consumed by insects , so they can also be pollinators .

Numerous solitary stone fruits with a firm core and a dry, spongy floating tissue develop per flower. This allows swimming to spread. The swimming time can be up to 12 months. The fruits have a stylus residue, so Velcro can also be spread as a borehole by aquatic animals.

Occurrence

The branchy hedgehog is widespread from Europe to Central Asia and south to North Africa.

The branchy hedgehog often grows in the banks of reed-free standing, nutrient-rich waters and on ditches on humus , mostly calcareous mud soils down to a depth of 50 centimeters. It grows especially where there is less shade from neighboring reeds and can develop unique stands there. It is an alternating water pointer, a half-light plant, growing in the intermediate continental area, a weak acid to weak base pointer and prefers nitrogen-rich locations. It is a characteristic of the large reeds (Phragmition australis) and can form unique populations, so-called hedgehog reeds, in bodies of water.

Inflorescence of the small-fruit hedgehog piston ( Sparganium erectum subsp. Microcarpum )
Open infructescence of Sparganium erectum subsp. neglectum

Systematics

Sparganium erectum was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 2, p. 971. Synonyms for Sparganium erectum L. are: Sparganium polyedrum (Asch. & Graebn.) Juz. , Sparganium ramosum Huds. , Sparganium ramosum subsp. polyedrum ash. & Graebn.

Subspecies

The branchy hedgehog ( Sparganium erectum ) is a species rich in shape with several subspecies that differ ecologically clearly:

  • Sparganium erectum ( Sparganium erectum . Subsp erectum , Syn .: Sparganium ramosum Curtis , Sparganium ramosum . Subsp polyedrum . Graebn , Sparganium erectum subsp. Polyedrum (Graebn) Schinz & Thell.. ): He's from Europe to Siberia and from the Mediterranean to the Iran widespread. He is a character species of the Sparganietum erecti from the association Phragmition.
  • Kleinfrüchtiger bur-reed ( Sparganium erectum subsp. Microcarpum (Neuman) Domin , Syn .: Sparganium microcarpum (Neuman) Celak. , Sparganium ramosum subsp. Microcarpum (Neuman) Lindm. , Sparganium neglectum subsp. Microcarpum (Neuman) Holub ): Of Europe Widespread to Central Asia.
  • Unnoticed bur-reed ( Sparganium erectum subsp. Neglectum (Beeby) Schinz & Thell. , Syn .: Sparganium neglectum Beeby , Sparganium ramosum subsp. Neglectum (Beeby) Neuman , Sparganium erectum var. Neglectum (Beeby) K.Richt. ): It's from Widespread across Europe to Iran and North Africa. He is a character species of the Glycerio-Sparganietum neglecti from the association Phragmition.
  • Eifrüchtiger hedgehog piston ( Sparganium erectum nothosubsp. Oocarpum (Celak.) Domin , Syn .: Sparganium × oocarpum (Celak.) Fritsch , Sparganium neglectum var. Oocarpum Celak. , Sparganium neglectum subsp. Oocarpum (Celak.) Ostenf. ) (= Sparganium erectum subsp. erectum × Sparganium erectum subsp. neglectum ): It occurs from Europe to the Caucasus . The number of chromosomes is 2n = 30.

Another subspecies, Sparganium erectum subsp. stoloniferum (Buch.-Ham. ex Graebn.) H. Hara , depending on the author, is called Sparganium stoloniferum (Buch.-Ham. ex Graebn.) Buch.-Ham. ex Juz. understood.

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : South German plant communities. Part I: Rock and wall communities, alpine corridors, water, silting and moor communities . 4th edition, Gustav Fischer, Jena, Stuttgart, 1998, ISBN 3-437-35280-6 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora. Ulmer, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8252-1828-7 .
  • Elfrune Wendelberger: Plants of the wetlands - waters, moors, floodplains , Gutenberg Book Guild , Munich 1986, ISBN 3-7632-3265-6 (or BLV-Verlag, ISBN 3-405-12967-2 )
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Sparganium erectum at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Sparganium erectum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 24, 2016.
  3. ^ Sparganium erectum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved August 24, 2016.
  4. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  116-117 .

Web links

Commons : Hedgehog ( Sparganium erectum )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files