Augustus Earle
Augustus Earle (born June 1, 1793 in London ; † December 10, 1838 ibid) was an English painter who drew portraits , landscapes and scenes of colonial and ship life, mainly working with watercolors . Earle is considered the first freelance artist to tour all five continents. His last voyage was on board HMS Beagle , which Charles Darwin also attended.
Live and act
Augustus Earle came from an American family of artists that produced several painters. He was the son of the American artist James Earle (1761–1796) and his wife Caroline Smyth, nephew of the painter Ralph Earl and cousin of Ralph EW Earl. Presumably he received his education at the Royal Academy of Arts in London, where his father had also studied. One of his teachers was probably the American painter Benjamin West . During his studies he was friends with Charles Robert Leslie and Samuel Morse . The academy exhibited his first works from 1806 to 1815.
Travel in the Mediterranean
In 1815 Earle traveled to Sicily as a ship passenger . In Malta he met his half-brother William Henry Smyth , who commanded a gunboat that was under the command of Edward Pellew . He accompanied his half-brother until 1817 and drew in the Mediterranean area , including Gibraltar and North Africa .
In the United States
In March 1818 Earle embarked in England for New York , where he worked for a few months. He later settled in Philadelphia , where in July 1818 two of his paintings were exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts .
South America
On February 11, 1820, he boarded the Warrior , with which he sailed to Rio de Janeiro , where he arrived on April 2, 1820. Earle toured the Chilean coast in June and finally arrived in Lima on July 18 , where he stayed until December. From the Peruvian port city of Callao he set off on December 10th with the HMS Hyperion , which was en route to England, and finally returned with the Anna to Rio de Janeiro. In the next three years, in addition to landscape pictures, several pictures were created here that deal with slavery .
Tristan da Cunha
A letter that the offer contained him the new Governor General of India Lord Amherst imagine prompted Earle on February 17, 1824, aboard the decrepit Duke of Gloucester to go to the Cape of Good Hope was traveling and from there to Calcutta to sail . A severe storm forced the Duke of Gloucester to anchor off Tristan da Cunha . On March 26th, Earle crossed over to the island with his dog and crew member Thomas Gooch to draw here. Three days later, the ship suddenly set sail and left her behind. The island was almost uninhabited at the time. There were only six adults and a few children living there. Earls was stuck there until he was rescued by Admiral Cockburn on November 29th. Earle reported on the events of this period in his writing, Narrative , which appeared in 1832.
Australia and New Zealand
On January 18, 1825, the Admiral Cockburn reached her port of destination Hobart , Australia , where Earle stayed for a few months. With the brig Cyprus he traveled on to Sydney on May 14th . From there, he explored the Blue Mountains , Bathurst , the Wellington Valley and the Hunter River . North of Sydney it reached Port Stephens and Port Macquarie . In April and May 1827 he was in the Illawarra region. During the time in Sydney, he created numerous landscapes, pictures about the Aborigines and views of public and private buildings. Although Governor Thomas Brisbane was a friend of his half-brother, his plans to settle in Sydney failed.
On October 20, 1827, Earle left for New Zealand with the Governor Macquarie . He visited the area between Hokianga Harbor and the Bay of Islands on the North Island and, after a six-month stay in New Zealand, met the Governor Macquarie again in Sydney on May 5, 1828 .
India and the return to England
Earle finally left Australia with the Rainbow on October 12th. He finally reached the Indian city of Madras via the Carolines , Guam , Manila and Singapore . In Madras he created the templates for the panorama picture Panorama of Madras (1832) by William Daniell and Edmund Thomas Parris (1793–1873). However, his deteriorating health forced him to leave India again. From Puducherry he set sail with the Julie that took him to Mauritius . He returned to England with the Resource via St. Helena at the end of 1829 .
One last trip with the HMS Beagle
1831 Earle was in the service of John Murray, 5th Duke of Atholl (1778-1846) when he was recruited on the basis of his experience by Robert FitzRoy as a ship painter for the second survey expedition of the HMS Beagle , in which Charles Darwin also took part. On April 3, 1832 Earle was again in Rio de Janeiro. When HMS Beagle left Montevideo in August 1832 , he was left behind because his health problems prevented him from continuing the journey. He stayed in Montevideo for a few more months before finally returning to England. During this time his work A Narrative of a Nine Months' Residence in New Zealand in 1827 ... (1832) about his stay in New Zealand, which was praised in the journal New Monthly published by Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton , appeared has been. When Darwin himself was in New Zealand at the end of December 1835, he expressed his indignation to his sister Caroline Sarah about Earle's degradation of the missionaries' activities.
Earle continued to work as a painter in London and was again able to exhibit several pictures at the Royal Academy of Arts . Augustus Earle died of asthma and weakness in late 1838 .
estate
After Augustus Earle, his works passed into the possession of his half-brother William Henry Smyth . He bequeathed it to his grandson. In May 1926 they were auctioned off at Sotheby’s in London and were soon acquired by the New Zealand-born art collector and dealer Rex Nan Kivell (1898–1977). Its Australian and Pacific collections were acquired by the National Library of Australia from 1940 .
Earl's other works are owned by the Mitchell Library in Sydney, the National Gallery of Australia in Canberra, the Art Gallery of South Australia in Adelaide, the National Library of New Zealand , the British Museum in London and the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich .
Earle Island has had his name since 1980 , an island in the Weddell Sea in Antarctica.
Fonts
- A Narrative of a Nine Months' Residence in New Zealand in 1827; together with a Journal of a Residence in Tristan d'Acunha, an Island Situated between South America and the Cape of Good Hope . London 1832; on-line
Works (selection)
- Views in Australia . Sydney, 1826 - eight-part series with views of Sydney
- Views in New South Wales, and Van Diemen's Land: Australian scrap book . J. Cross, London 1830
- Sketches Illustrative of the Native Inhabitants and Islands of New Zealand . Robert Martin, London 1838 - 10 hand-colored lithographs
proof
literature
- Introduction . In: RD Keynes: The Beagle Record: Selections from the Original Pictorial Records and Written Accounts of the Voyage of HMS Beagle . CUP Archives, 1979, ISBN 0-521-21822-5 .
- Bernard Smith: Earle, Augustus (1793-1838), Australian Dictionary of Biography . Volume 1, Melbourne University Press, 1966, pp. 348-349; On-line
Individual evidence
- ↑ James Earl (1761-1796) , Artist Biography at www.worcesterart.org
- ↑ Keynes (1979) p. 1.
- ↑ Emily Catherine Darwin to Charles Darwin, July 25 [- August 3] 1832, Letter 179 ( Memento of the original of August 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in The Darwin Correspondence Project (accessed November 10, 2008)
- ↑ Charles Darwin to Caroline Sarah Darwin, December 27, 1835, Letter 289 ( Memento of the original of September 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in The Darwin Correspondence Project (accessed November 10, 2008)
further reading
- Jocelyn Hackforth-Jones: Augustus Earle, travel artist: Paintings and drawings in the Rex Nan Kivell Collection, National Library of Australia . National Library of Australia, 1980, ISBN 0-642-99143-X .
Web links
- Augustus Earle at Google Arts & Culture
- The Wandering Artist - Augustus Earle's Travels Around The World 1820-29 . National Library of Australia , archived from the original onJune 6, 2011; accessed on August 14, 2012(English, original website no longer available).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Earle, Augustus |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | English painter |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 1, 1793 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | London |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 10, 1838 |
| Place of death | London |