Bílinit

Bílinit
	Bílinit from the Laçın region , Azerbaijan
General and classification
chemical formula	Fe 2+ Fe 2 3+ [SO 4 ] 4 · 22H 2 O
Mineral class; (and possibly department)	Sulfates (and relatives, see classification )
System no. to Strunz ; and to Dana	7.CB.85 ( 8th edition : VI / C.06) ; 07/29/03/05
Crystallographic Data
Crystal system	monoclinic
Crystal class ; symbol	monoclinic prismatic; 2 / m
Space group	P 2 1 / a (No. 14, position 3)
Lattice parameters	a = 21.25 Å ; b = 24.33 Å; c = 6.21 Å ; β = 100.3 °
Formula units	Z = 4
Physical Properties
Mohs hardness	≈ 2
Density (g / cm 3 )	measured: 1.875 to 1.99; calculated: [1.99]; calculated: [1.99]
Cleavage	Please complete
colour	white to yellowish, colorless in transmitted light
Line color	Please complete
transparency	translucent
shine	Silky gloss
Crystal optics
Refractive indices	n α = 1.480 to 1.482 ; n β = 1.500 ; n γ = 1.489 to 1.493
Birefringence	δ = 0.009 to 0.011
Optical character	alternating biaxially
Other properties
Chemical behavior	water soluble

Bílinit is a seldom occurring mineral from the mineral class of " sulfates ( and relatives )" with the chemical composition Fe ²⁺ Fe ₂³⁺ [SO ₄ ] ₄ · 22H ₂ O and therefore, chemically speaking, a water-containing iron sulfate.

Bílinit crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system and develops mostly fibrous, translucent crystals in radial aggregates of white to yellowish color and a silk-like sheen on the surfaces.

Etymology and history

Bílinit was first discovered in a coal mine near Světec near Bílina in the Czech region of Bohemia and scientifically described in 1913 by J. Šebor, who named the mineral Bílina after its type locality .

classification

Already in the outdated 8th edition of the mineral classification according to Strunz , the bilinite belonged to the mineral class of "sulfates, selenates , tellurates , chromates , molybdates and wolframates " and there to the department of "water-containing sulfates without foreign anions ", where it together with apjohnite , dietrichite , Halotrichite , pickeringite and redingtonite the "halotrichite series (Federalaune)" with the system no. VI / C.06 .

In the last revised and updated Lapis mineral directory by Stefan Weiß in 2018 , which, out of consideration for private collectors and institutional collections, is still based on this classic system of Karl Hugo Strunz , the mineral was given the system and mineral number. VI / C.12-60 . In the “Lapis system” this also corresponds to the section “Hydrous sulfates, without foreign anions”, where bilinite forms the “halotrichite group” together with apjohnite, caichengyunite , dietrichite, halotrichite, pickeringite, redingtonite and wupatkiite .

The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics , which has been in effect since 2001 and was updated by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) until 2009, also classifies bilinite in the category of "sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H ₂ O". However, this is further subdivided according to the relative size of the cations involved , so that the mineral can be found according to its composition in the subsection “With only medium-sized cations”, where it can be found together with apjohnite, caichengyunite, dietrichite, halotrichite, pickeringite, redingtonite and wupatkiite the "halotrichite group" with the system no. 7.CB.85 forms.

The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking world , also assigns bilinite to the class of "sulfates, chromates and molybdates" (and relatives) and there in the department of "water-containing acids and sulfates". Here, too, it is in the "halotrichite group (monoclinic with 22 H ₂ O)" with the system no. 07/29/03 within the sub-section “ Water-containing acids and sulfates with A (B) ₂ (XO ₄ ) ₄ × x (H ₂ O) ”.

Crystal structure

Bílinit crystallizes monoclinically in the space group P 2 ₁ / a (space group no. 14, position 3) with the lattice parameters a = 21.25 Å ; b = 24.33 Å; c = 6.21 Å and β = 100.3 ° and 4 formula units per unit cell . Template: room group / 14.3

properties

Bílinit is soluble in water.

Education and Locations

Bílinit is formed by the weathering of various iron sulfides in lignite. As accessory mineral occurs among other Melanterite on.

As a rare mineral formation, Bílinite could only be detected at a few sites so far (as of 2012). In the Czech Republic, however, apart from its type locality Světec near Bílina, no other site is known.

Other sites include the "Osamu Utsumi Mine" on the Poços de Caldas plateau (Minas Gerais) in Brazil; Drivdalen , Ørnhammeren and Vinstradalen in the Norwegian municipality of Oppdal ; the Nikitovka deposit in the Donets Basin near Donetsk, Ukraine; Szorospatak in the Hungarian Mátra Mountains as well as in the "Higgins Mine" near Bisbee (Arizona) , the Tintic Mountains in Utah County (Utah) and in the Cedar Mountain prospect in Snohomish County (Washington) in the United States of America.

literature

J. Šebor: Bílinit, a new Bohemian mineral . In: New Yearbook for Mineralogy, Geology and Palaontology . tape 39 , 1914, pp. 395–396 ( rruff.info [PDF; 85 kB ; accessed on September 26, 2019]).
Friedrich Klockmann : Klockmann's textbook of mineralogy . Ed .: Paul Ramdohr , Hugo Strunz . 16th edition. Enke, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-432-82986-8 , pp. 609 (first edition: 1891).

Web links

Commons : Bílinite - collection of images, videos and audio files

Mineral Atlas: Bílinit (Wiki)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel : Strunz Mineralogical Tables. Chemical-structural Mineral Classification System . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p. 386 (English).
↑ David Barthelmy: Bílinite Mineral Data. In: webmineral.com. Retrieved September 26, 2019 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Bílinite . In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America . 2001 (English, handbookofmineralogy.org [PDF; 67 kB ; accessed on September 26, 2019]).
↑ ^a ^b ^c Bílinite. In: mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, accessed September 26, 2019 .
↑ Stefan Weiß: The large Lapis mineral directory. All minerals from A - Z and their properties. Status 03/2018 . 7th, completely revised and supplemented edition. Weise, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-921656-83-9 .
↑ Ernest H. Nickel, Monte C. Nichols: IMA / CNMNC List of Minerals 2009. (PDF 1703 kB) In: cnmnc.main.jp. IMA / CNMNC, January 2009, accessed September 26, 2019 .

[StrunzNickel-1] Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel : Strunz Mineralogical Tables. Chemical-structural Mineral Classification System . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p. 386 (English).

[Webmineral-2] David Barthelmy: Bílinite Mineral Data. In: webmineral.com. Retrieved September 26, 2019 .

[Datenblatt-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Bílinite . In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America . 2001 (English, handbookofmineralogy.org [PDF; 67 kB ; accessed on September 26, 2019]).

[Mindat-4] Bílinite. In: mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, accessed September 26, 2019 .

[Lapis-5] Stefan Weiß: The large Lapis mineral directory. All minerals from A - Z and their properties. Status 03/2018 . 7th, completely revised and supplemented edition. Weise, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-921656-83-9 .

[IMA-Liste-2009-6] Ernest H. Nickel, Monte C. Nichols: IMA / CNMNC List of Minerals 2009. (PDF 1703 kB) In: cnmnc.main.jp. IMA / CNMNC, January 2009, accessed September 26, 2019 .