St. Petri Cathedral (Bautzen)

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St. Petri Cathedral
St Petri church Bautzen 101.JPG
Data
place Bautzen , Saxony
Construction year 1213 to 1221
height 83.70 m
Floor space 2250 m²
Coordinates 51 ° 10 '56.6 "  N , 14 ° 25' 25.2"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 10 '56.6 "  N , 14 ° 25' 25.2"  E
particularities
largest and oldest simultaneous church in Germany
South view of St. Petri with the town hall
Similar view 1898

The Cathedral of St. Petri in Bautzen , in Upper Sorbian Katedrala swj. Pětra , is one of the largest simultaneous churches in Germany and the tallest building in Bautzen . It is one of the most important church buildings in Saxony and is the oldest church location in Upper Lusatia . The cathedral is located at the meat market in Bautzen's old town, opposite the town hall .

Building history

Around the year 1000, Count Eido von Rochlitz had a first parish church built on the site of today's cathedral. After 1213 (G. Fabricius), probably only around 1217/18, the collegiate monastery of St. Petri was founded. On June 24, 1221 the choir of the building was inaugurated. Some components are still preserved from this time, for example the west portal. Architectural excavations did not take place during the last restoration. In 1430 the cathedral was given its present form. In 1456/63 the late Gothic hall building was extended by a fourth nave to the south. After the great city fire of 1634, the interior was designed in the baroque style. In 1664 the tower was given a baroque dome. The cathedral has been restored several times in its history, most recently in 1987. A few years ago, the cathedral's facade was newly plastered and painted. This was followed by extensive interior renovation from 2013. On November 14, 2015, the cathedral was reopened with an ecumenical service. A week of festivities followed, to which the two parishes invited.

particularities

After the Reformation , the cathedral became a de facto simultaneous church in 1524 (Roman Catholic and Evangelical Lutheran). It was the first simultaneous church in Germany and one of three such churches in East Germany . After long disputes between Lutherans and Catholics, the Bautzen Council and the cathedral monastery concluded a first contract in 1543 that regulated the use of the church by both denominations. The choir was designated for Catholic and the nave for Protestant worship. The border ran at the rood screen . Further contracts followed in the 16th century at the time of the cathedral dean Johann Leisentrit , including on external possessions such as the parish of Gaussig . During the Bohemian Uprising (1619/20), the Catholic "Collegiate Chapter St. Petri" was expelled from the cathedral for a short time. After that, the old state was restored.

Pope Benedict XV In 1921 re-established the diocese of Meißen with its seat in Bautzen. Since the bishop's seat was moved to Dresden in 1980, the Bautzner Dom has been a co- cathedral of the Dresden-Meißen diocese .

Floor plan from 1825 with axis kink

The St. Petri Cathedral is one of the church buildings with a pronounced kink in the axis . There are many different explanatory models for this deviation from the straight line, but none of them can be assumed to be certain. One explanation for this is that the cathedral was initially built instead of or on the foundation walls of another church and the expansion of the church was based on the surrounding urban planning conditions.

In addition, the construction of a second church tower was apparently planned. This can be seen in particular from the asymmetrical construction if you look up on the long side of the building in front of the main entrance.

Interior with Protestant (front) and Catholic altar (back)

There is an outside elevator at the tower, which is used by the tower keeper to pull up his purchases. As of 2014, a tower keeper still lives on the tower.

The 83 m high cathedral tower can be climbed as a viewing tower on some weekends . After 238 steps you reach the viewing floor above the tower parlor at a height of approx. 53 m and is located at the highest point in the city accessible to the public.

Furnishing

In the catholic part of the cathedral, the high altar from 1713 and the crucifix (Permos Cross) by Balthasar Permoser (1713) are of particular importance in terms of art history. The altarpiece by Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini shows the handing over of the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven to Peter, the canteen the shield of the Trinity and the Latin chronogram HONORI TRIVNIVS DEI, ET SANCTI PETRI ALTARE SACRATVM EST  - “The altar was made to the honor of the Triune God and Saint Peter consecrated ”(1771).

The choir stalls with oak carvings date from around 1723. The cross altar on the south side of the ambulatory, with an expressive crucifix made of linden wood by Balthasar Permoser, dates from 1713/1714. In the southern ambulatory is the Marienaltar, a late Gothic winged altar that originally stood in the south nave. On the north side of the ambulatory is the sacrament altar, a colored wood carving by the Bohemian sculptor Jan Hajek from 1783; the altar originally stood in the Catholic sacristy and is intended for the reception of the sacrament of penance and the keeping of the Eucharist.

In the evangelical section, the Last Supper altar from 1640 and the royal box from 1674 should be emphasized. The altar of the Last Supper in the south aisle comes from an unknown carver from Zittau and was made around 1640; it was extensively restored between 1995 and 1999. In the lower field the Lord's Supper is shown, in the middle the crucifixion of Christ, in the upper part the resurrection of Christ, and in the crown, Christ is shown on the rainbow as ruler and judge of the world.

The cathedral was a burial place for clergymen, members of the nobility and Bautzen citizens. On the back wall of the high altar there are bronze tombstones of the dean Hieronymus Ruperti († 1559) and of the Catholic priest, church reformer and humanist Johann Leisentrit († 1586).

In 2013, the St. Petri Cathedral Chapter commissioned the Wernigerode glass designer Günter Grohs to develop a concept for the redesign of the six ambulatory and two gallery windows in the Catholic part of the church. They were manufactured and installed by the Peters glass painting company, Paderborn, in the course of the interior renovation of the cathedral in 2015–2016.

  • High altar in cath. part

  • Pulpit in the evg. part

  • Side altar, cath. part

  • Choir stalls

  • Royal box

Organs

Each part of the cathedral also has its own organ ; both instruments are tonally coordinated.

"Evangelical" organ

Evangelical organ

The organ in the Protestant part is one of the largest works by the organ building workshop Hermann Eule Orgelbau Bautzen . The instrument was built in 1910. The gallery and the organ front were designed by the architect Fritz Schumacher . The instrument has pneumatic pocket drawers and 62 stops on three manual movements and a pedal. It was restored in 2017 by the Bautzner organ building company Eule.

I main work C – c 4
01. Principal 16 ′
02. Covered 16 ′
03. bassoon 16 ′
04th Principal 08th'
05. Viol 08th'
06th Gemshorn 08th'
07th Dolce 08th'
08th. Solo flute 08th'
09. Reed flute 08th'
10. Trumpet 08th'
11. English horn 08th'
12. octave 04 ′
13. Fugara 04 ′
14th Concert flute 04 ′
15th Forest flute 02 ′
16. Intoxicating fifth II 0 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
17th Cornett III 04 ′
18th Mixture III-IV 02 ′
II Swell 1 C – c 4
19th Drone 16 ′
20th Flute principal 0 08th'
21st violin 08th'
22nd Concert flute 08th'
23. Quintatön 08th'
24. Covered 08th'
25th Aeoline 08th'
26th Vox coelestis 08th'
27. oboe 08th'
28. octave 04 ′
29 Reed flute 04 ′
30th Gemshorn 04 ′
31. Fifth 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
32. octave 02 ′
33. third 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′
34. Mixture III 02 ′
III Swell 2 C – c 4
35. Lovely covered 16 ′
36. Violin principal 08th'
37. Fugara 08th'
38. Hollow flute 08th'
39. Salicional 08th'
40. Covered 08th'
41. Distance flute 08th'
42. Trumpet 08th'
43. clarinet 08th'
44. Principal 04 ′
45. viola 04 ′
46. Open flute 04 ′
47. Nasat 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
48. Piccolo 02 ′
49. Mixture II-III 02 ′
Tremulant (for No. 39)
Pedal C – f 1
51. Pedestal 32 ′
52. Principal bass 16 ′
53. Violon bass 16 ′
54. Sub bass 16 ′
55. Covered bass 16 ′
56. Dolcebass 16 ′
57. Trombone bass 0 16 ′
58. Octave bass 08th'
59. violoncello 08th'
60. Flute bass 08th'
61. Trumpet bass 08th'
62. Octave bass 04 ′
  • Coupling (pneumatic):
    • Normal coupling: II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
    • Super octave coupling: II / I, III / II,
    • Sub-octave coupling: II / I, III / II,
  • Playing aids : Fixed combinations (piano, mezzoforte, choral work, forte, fortissimo, tutti), general coupling (No. 69–72), crescendo roller .

"Catholic" organ

Catholic organ

There is a somewhat smaller organ in the catholic part of the cathedral . It goes back to an instrument made by the organ builder Leopold Kohl Bautzen , which was built in 1866. In 1927, almost all metal pipes were replaced by the organ building company Eule, and the disposition was changed slightly. In 1938 the organ builders Gebr. Jehmlich replaced the last original register from 1866 and added a reed register to the instrument. In the years 1985–1986 the organ was overhauled by the Eule company and largely restored to its condition from 1938 (or 1866). The slider chest instrument has 32 stops on two manual works and a pedal. The playing and stop actions are mechanical.

I main work
01. Principal 16 ′
02. Octave 08th'
03. Concert flute 0 08th'
04th Gemshorn 08th'
05. Gamba 08th'
06th Octave 04 ′
07th Pointed flute 04 ′
08th. Fifth 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
09. Octave 02 ′
10. Cornett III
11. Mixture IV 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
12. Trumpet 08th'
II upper structure
13. Quintad 16 ′
14th Principal 08th'
15th Dumped 08th'
16. Salicional 08th'
17th Dulciana 08th'
18th Octave 04 ′
19th Reed flute 04 ′
20th Nasat 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
21st Octave 02 ′
22nd Super-fifth 0 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
23. Mixture III 01'
pedal
24. Pedestal 32 ′
25th Principal bass 0 16 ′
26th Sub bass 16 ′
27. Violon bass 16 ′
28. Octave bass 08th'
29 Dacked bass 08th'
30th violoncello 08th'
31. Octave bass 04 ′
32. trombone 16 ′

Bells

No.
 		 Surname
 		 Casting year
 		 Caster
 		 Weight
(kg)		 Chime
 
1 Big bell 1837 Friedrich Gruhl , Kleinwelka 2784 a 0
2 Church bell 1355 cis 1
3 Evening bell 767 e 1
4th Octave bell 306 a 1
5 Chime bell 151 c sharp 2

Trivia

There is an old rule among the residents of the city of Bautzen that bad weather is brewing when the cathedral is "organizing". This is based on the fact that, due to the design of the church tower, a steady wind noise is generated by the stormy wind, which sounds like a howl and can be heard from afar in the city. Since stormy winds often occur at the beginning of storms, especially gusts of wind are harbingers of thunderstorms, the "organ" of the cathedral is seen as a sign.

literature

  • Kai Wenzel, Birgit Mitzscherlich, Nicole Wohlfarth: The St. Petri Cathedral in Bautzen. Bautzen 2016, ISBN 978-3-929091-97-7 .
  • Cornelius Gurlitt : The Cathedral of St. Peter. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 33. Booklet: Bautzen (city) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1909, pp. 1-58.
  • Christine Seele, Siegfried Seifert , Jürgen Matschie: Bautzen and its churches. A little ecumenical church leader. Leipzig 1996, ISBN 3-7462-1118-2 .
  • Franz Schwarzbach: History of the collegiate church and the collegiate monastery St. Petri zu Bautzen in the Middle Ages. In: New Lusatian Magazine . Volume 105, 1929.
  • Hermann Kinne (arrangement): The dioceses of the church province of Magdeburg. The (exemte) diocese of Meissen 1. The collegiate monastery St. Petri zu Bautzen from its foundation until 1569 . Germania Sacra , Third Volume 7, Berlin / Boston 2014. ISBN 978-3-11-033223-0 ( digitized , online )

Web links

Commons : Dom St. Petri  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Diocese of Dresden-Meißen, M. Baudisch: Diocese of Dresden-Meißen. Retrieved March 9, 2018 .
  2. ↑ Renovation completed: Bautzen celebrates the reopening of the St. Petri simultaneous dome. Archived from the original on March 10, 2018 ; accessed on March 9, 2018 .
  3. ^ Andreas Bensch: Chronology of the City of Bautzen 1002-2001 . Lausitzer Druck- und Verlagshaus, Bautzen 2001, ISBN 3-930625-31-8 , p. 18.
  4. ↑ Bautzen, city of towers
  5. ↑ Heinz Henke: The St. Petri Cathedral in Bautzen. In: legendhaftes-bautzen.de. Archived from the original on April 27, 2015 ; accessed on June 27, 2018 .
  6. ↑ Information on the equipment ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (viewed May 30, 2018)
  7. ↑ guenter-grohs.de: Bautzen - St. Petri Cathedral
  8. ↑ Information about the organs on orgel-information.de (viewed on May 30, 2018)