Bernoulli (family)
The Bernoulli family of scholars has produced many important scientists and artists from the 17th century to the present day .
The Dutch Protestant Leon Bernoulli , who worked as a doctor in Antwerp, is regarded as the progenitor . His son Jacob Bernoulli († 1582) emigrated to Frankfurt am Main around 1570 for reasons of faith .
Jacobs grandson of the same name settled in Basel around 1620 and acquired civil rights there in 1622. His son (Leon's great-great-grandson), the spice dealer Niklaus Bernoulli (1623–1708), founded the branch of the family discussed here with his wife Margarethe Schönauer, which in the first generations produced mathematicians in particular. Jakob , Johann and Daniel Bernoulli achieved great importance with many mathematical and physical achievements in various areas.
In the centuries that followed, many scientists and, in modern times, some humanities scholars and artists emerged from the family. As an architect, Hans Bernoulli is perhaps the best-known Bernoulli from the 20th century and descends in a direct male line from Johann I and Johann II Bernoulli . Some buildings and settlements in Basel and Zurich come from him. The photographer Maria Bernoulli (1868–1963) was Hermann Hesse's first wife .
Family table of the Basel Bernoullis
Niklaus (1623-1708) |
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Jacob I (1655–1705) |
Nicholas (1662-1716) |
Johann I (1667-1748) |
Jerome (1669-1760) |
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Nicholas I (1687–1759) |
Nicholas II (1695-1726) |
Daniel (1700–1782) |
Johann II (1710-1790) |
Franz (1705–1777) |
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Johann III (1744–1807) |
Daniel II (1751-1834) |
Nicholas III (1754–1841) |
Jacob II (1759–1789) |
Jerome (1735–1786) |
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Christoph (1782–1863) |
Johannes (1785–1869) |
Leonhard (1786-1852) |
Leonhard (1791–1871) |
Nicholas (1793–1876) |
Johann Jacob (1769-1853) |
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Carl Christoph (1809-1884) |
Carl Johann (1835–1906) |
Eduard (1819-1899) |
August (1839–1921) |
Fritz (1824-1913) |
Theodor (1837-1909) |
Johann Jacob (1802-1892) |
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Carl Christoph (1861-1923) |
Carl Albrecht (1868–1937) |
Eduard (1867-1927) |
August Leonhard (1879–1939) |
Maria (1868–1963) |
Rudolf (1880–1948) |
Elisabeth (1873-1935) |
Hans (1876-1959) |
Johann Jakob (1831-1913) |
Carl Gustav (1834-1878) |
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Christoph (1897–1981) |
Eva (1903-1995) |
Lucas (1907–1976) |
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Cornelia (* 1955) |
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Important representatives of the family
- Leon Bernoulli († 1570), doctor
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Niklaus Bernoulli (1623–1708), Leon's great-great-grandson, spice dealer
- Jakob I Bernoulli (1655–1705), mathematician ( Bernoulli differential equation , Bernoulli distribution , Bernoulli number (and polynomial), Bernoulli assumptions (Bernoulli bar), Bernoulli inequality , infinitesimal calculus )
- Nikolaus Bernoulli (1662–1716), mathematician
- Nikolaus I Bernoulli (1687–1759), mathematician ( Saint Petersburg Paradox )
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Johann I Bernoulli (1667–1748), mathematician ( rule of de l'Hospital , infinitesimal calculus )
- Nikolaus II Bernoulli (1695–1726), mathematician
- Daniel Bernoulli (1700–1782), mathematician ( Bernoulli equation (Bernoulli effect), decision under risk (Bernoulli principle), Bernoulli equation).
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Johann II Bernoulli (1710–1790), mathematician
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Johann III Bernoulli (1744–1807), astronomer
- Emanuel IV Bernoulli (1776-1844)
- Daniel II Bernoulli (1751–1834), mathematician
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Christoph Bernoulli (1782–1863), natural scientist, economist and statistician
- Carl Christoph (1809–1884), history teacher
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Carl Christoph Bernoulli (1861–1923), librarian
- Christoph Bernoulli (1897–1981), art dealer
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Carl Christoph Bernoulli (1861–1923), librarian
- Carl Christoph (1809–1884), history teacher
- Johannes (1785–1869)
- Carl Johann (1835–1906)
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Carl Albrecht Bernoulli (1868–1937), Protestant theologian
- Eva Bernoulli (1903–1995), teacher and first speech therapist in Switzerland
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Carl Albrecht Bernoulli (1868–1937), Protestant theologian
- Carl Johann (1835–1906)
- Leonhard (1786-1852)
- Eduard (1819-1899)
- Johannes Bernoulli (1864–1920), librarian
- Eduard Bernoulli (1867–1927), musicologist
- Eduard (1819-1899)
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Christoph Bernoulli (1782–1863), natural scientist, economist and statistician
- Nicholas III (1754–1841)
- Leonhard (1791–1871)
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August Christoph Bernoulli (1839–1921), historian
- August Leonhard Bernoulli (1879–1939), physicist
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August Christoph Bernoulli (1839–1921), historian
- Nicholas (1793–1876)
- Fritz (1824-1913)
- Maria Bernoulli (1868–1963), photographer, 1st wife of Hermann Hesse (1877–1962), mother of the painter Bruno Hesse (1905–1999) and the photographer Martin Hesse (1911–1968)
- Theodor (1837-1909)
- Elisabeth Bernoulli (1873–1935), socialist
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Hans Bernoulli (1876–1959), architect ( Siloturm Basel (Bernoullisilo))
- Lucas Bernoulli (1907–1976), architect and politician ( LdU )
- Rudolf Bernoulli (1880–1948), art historian
- Fritz (1824-1913)
- Leonhard (1791–1871)
- Jakob II Bernoulli (1759–1789), physicist
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Johann III Bernoulli (1744–1807), astronomer
- Jerome (1669-1760)
- Franz (1705–1777)
- Jerome (1735–1786)
- Johann Jacob (1769-1853)
- Johann Jacob (1802-1892)
- Johann Jakob Bernoulli (1831–1913), archaeologist
- Carl Gustav Bernoulli (1834–1878), doctor, explorer and archaeologist
- Jerome (1807-1852)
- Wilhelm Bernoulli-Sartorius (1838–1914), botanist
- Franz (1813-1850)
- Daniel (1843-1932)
- Walter Bernoulli (1885–1946), geologist
- Ernst (1846–1931)
- Eugen Bernoulli (1882–1983), Swiss pharmacologist, general practitioner and university professor
- Walter Bernoulli (1883–1964), chemist
- Daniel (1843-1932)
- Johann Jacob (1802-1892)
- Johann Jacob (1769-1853)
- Jerome (1735–1786)
- Franz (1705–1777)
- Ludwig Bernoully (1873–1928), architect, was also a member of this family. He belonged to the branch living in Frankfurt am Main, which chose a Ypsilon as the ending.
- Daniel Bernoulli (* 1936), geologist, professor in Basel and at the ETH Zurich
- Linus Bernoulli (* 1983), Swiss horn player
Others
In honor of John and James I in 1712 got one lunar crater named Bernoulli .
The fantasy character Bernard Bernoulli is the main character in the Point and Click Adventure Day of the Tentacle . There he plays an intelligent, but also clumsy character.
See also
- Bernoulli figure
- Bernoulli differential equation
- Bernoulli (moon crater)
- Bernoulli process - Bernoulli experiment
- Bernoulli distribution - special case of the binomial distribution for
- Bernoulli number and Bernoulli polynomial
- Bernoulli assumptions - Bernoulli bars
- Bernoulli equation - Bernoulli's law , Bernoulli's equation , Bernoulli effect
- Bernoulli's inequality
- Binomial distribution - basis of a Bernoulli experiment s
- Decision under risk - Bernoulli principle
- Bernoullianum
swell
- The collected works of the mathematicians and physicists of the Bernoulli family . Birkhäuser, Basel 1969.
literature
- Alexander Dietz : Frankfurt trade history. Volume II, Frankfurt am Main 1921, pp. 35, 41, 46, 48, 56, 60, 83f, 89, 97f, 133, 139f, 149, 224, 226, 239 and 244 ( digitized in the Internet Archive)
- Carl A. Bernoulli (Ed.): Memorial book of the Bernoulli family. On the 300th anniversary of her acceptance into Basel's citizenship . Helbing & Lichtenhahn, Basel 1922. Digitized
- René Bernoulli-Sutter: The Bernoulli family . Helbing & Lichtenhahn, Basel 1972.
- Peter Merian : The mathematician Bernoulli . Univ., Basel 1860.
- Ludwig Otto Spiess : The mathematician Bernoulli . Helbing & Lichtenhahn, Basel 1948.
- Margaret BW Tent: Leonhard Euler and the Bernoullis. Mathematicians from Basel. Natick, Mass. 2009.
Web links
- René Bernoulli-Sutter: Bernoulli. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- George Szpiro: Mathematical mysteries: The gentlemen from Basle and the Petersburg Paradox. November 2002, accessed September 30, 2009 .
- The Bernoulli family. January 2000, accessed September 30, 2009 .
- Ulrich Stroux : older Basel line of the Bernoulli family .
- Ulrich Stroux: Family tree of the Bernoulli family. (PDF; 24 kB) Accessed May 20, 2011 .
- Marie Charlotte Barlow: family tree Bernoulli. In: Geneanet. Retrieved September 30, 2009 .
- Fritz Nagel and Sulamith Gehr (eds.): Basler Edition of the Bernoulli correspondence. Retrieved September 6, 2012 .
- The Bernoulli at the University of Basel. Website of the Basel Historical Seminar on the history of the university, created for the 550th anniversary of the University of Basel