Bernoulli (family)

Family coat of arms

The Bernoulli family of scholars has produced many important scientists and artists from the 17th century to the present day .

The Dutch Protestant Leon Bernoulli , who worked as a doctor in Antwerp, is regarded as the progenitor . His son Jacob Bernoulli († 1582) emigrated to Frankfurt am Main around 1570 for reasons of faith .

Jacobs grandson of the same name settled in Basel around 1620 and acquired civil rights there in 1622. His son (Leon's great-great-grandson), the spice dealer Niklaus Bernoulli (1623–1708), founded the branch of the family discussed here with his wife Margarethe Schönauer, which in the first generations produced mathematicians in particular. Jakob , Johann and Daniel Bernoulli achieved great importance with many mathematical and physical achievements in various areas.

In the centuries that followed, many scientists and, in modern times, some humanities scholars and artists emerged from the family. As an architect, Hans Bernoulli is perhaps the best-known Bernoulli from the 20th century and descends in a direct male line from Johann I and Johann II Bernoulli . Some buildings and settlements in Basel and Zurich come from him. The photographer Maria Bernoulli (1868–1963) was Hermann Hesse's first wife .

Family table of the Basel Bernoullis

Niklaus
(1623-1708)

Jacob I
(1655–1705)

Nicholas
(1662-1716)

Johann I
(1667-1748)

Jerome
(1669-1760)

Nicholas I
(1687–1759)

Nicholas II
(1695-1726)

Daniel
(1700–1782)

Johann II
(1710-1790)

Franz
(1705–1777)

Johann III
(1744–1807)

Daniel II
(1751-1834)

Nicholas III
(1754–1841)

Jacob II
(1759–1789)

Jerome
(1735–1786)

Christoph
(1782–1863)

Johannes
(1785–1869)

Leonhard
(1786-1852)

Leonhard
(1791–1871)

Nicholas
(1793–1876)

Johann Jacob
(1769-1853)

Carl Christoph
(1809-1884)

Carl Johann
(1835–1906)

Eduard
(1819-1899)

August
(1839–1921)

Fritz
(1824-1913)

Theodor
(1837-1909)

Johann Jacob
(1802-1892)

Carl Christoph
(1861-1923)

Carl Albrecht
(1868–1937)

Eduard
(1867-1927)

August Leonhard
(1879–1939)

Maria
(1868–1963)

Rudolf
(1880–1948)

Elisabeth
(1873-1935)

Hans
(1876-1959)

Johann Jakob
(1831-1913)

Carl Gustav
(1834-1878)

Christoph
(1897–1981)

Eva
(1903-1995)

Lucas
(1907–1976)

Cornelia
(* 1955)

Important representatives of the family

Leon Bernoulli († 1570), doctor

...

Niklaus Bernoulli (1623–1708), Leon's great-great-grandson, spice dealer
- Jakob I Bernoulli (1655–1705), mathematician ( Bernoulli differential equation , Bernoulli distribution , Bernoulli number (and polynomial), Bernoulli assumptions (Bernoulli bar), Bernoulli inequality , infinitesimal calculus )
- Nikolaus Bernoulli (1662–1716), mathematician
  - Nikolaus I Bernoulli (1687–1759), mathematician ( Saint Petersburg Paradox )
- Johann I Bernoulli (1667–1748), mathematician ( rule of de l'Hospital , infinitesimal calculus )
  - Nikolaus II Bernoulli (1695–1726), mathematician
  - Daniel Bernoulli (1700–1782), mathematician ( Bernoulli equation (Bernoulli effect), decision under risk (Bernoulli principle), Bernoulli equation).
  - Johann II Bernoulli (1710–1790), mathematician
    - Johann III Bernoulli (1744–1807), astronomer
      - Emanuel IV Bernoulli (1776-1844)
    - Daniel II Bernoulli (1751–1834), mathematician
      - Christoph Bernoulli (1782–1863), natural scientist, economist and statistician
        Carl Christoph (1809–1884), history teacher
        Carl Christoph Bernoulli (1861–1923), librarian
        Christoph Bernoulli (1897–1981), art dealer
      - Johannes (1785–1869)
        Carl Johann (1835–1906)
        Carl Albrecht Bernoulli (1868–1937), Protestant theologian
        Eva Bernoulli (1903–1995), teacher and first speech therapist in Switzerland
      - Leonhard (1786-1852)
        Eduard (1819-1899)
        
        Johannes Bernoulli (1864–1920), librarian
        
        Eduard Bernoulli (1867–1927), musicologist
    - Nicholas III (1754–1841)
      - Leonhard (1791–1871)
        August Christoph Bernoulli (1839–1921), historian
        August Leonhard Bernoulli (1879–1939), physicist
      - Nicholas (1793–1876)
        
        Fritz (1824-1913)
        Maria Bernoulli (1868–1963), photographer, 1st wife of Hermann Hesse (1877–1962), mother of the painter Bruno Hesse (1905–1999) and the photographer Martin Hesse (1911–1968)
        
        Theodor (1837-1909)
        
        Elisabeth Bernoulli (1873–1935), socialist
        
        Hans Bernoulli (1876–1959), architect ( Siloturm Basel (Bernoullisilo))
        Lucas Bernoulli (1907–1976), architect and politician ( LdU )
        
        Rudolf Bernoulli (1880–1948), art historian
    - Jakob II Bernoulli (1759–1789), physicist
- Jerome (1669-1760)
  - Franz (1705–1777)
    - Jerome (1735–1786)
      - Johann Jacob (1769-1853)
        
        Johann Jacob (1802-1892)
        
        Johann Jakob Bernoulli (1831–1913), archaeologist
        
        Carl Gustav Bernoulli (1834–1878), doctor, explorer and archaeologist
        
        Jerome (1807-1852)
        Wilhelm Bernoulli-Sartorius (1838–1914), botanist
        
        Franz (1813-1850)
        
        Daniel (1843-1932)
        Walter Bernoulli (1885–1946), geologist
        
        Ernst (1846–1931)
        
        Eugen Bernoulli (1882–1983), Swiss pharmacologist, general practitioner and university professor
        
        Walter Bernoulli (1883–1964), chemist

Ludwig Bernoully (1873–1928), architect, was also a member of this family. He belonged to the branch living in Frankfurt am Main, which chose a Ypsilon as the ending.
Daniel Bernoulli (* 1936), geologist, professor in Basel and at the ETH Zurich
Linus Bernoulli (* 1983), Swiss horn player

Others

In honor of John and James I in 1712 got one lunar crater named Bernoulli .

The fantasy character Bernard Bernoulli is the main character in the Point and Click Adventure Day of the Tentacle . There he plays an intelligent, but also clumsy character.

swell

The collected works of the mathematicians and physicists of the Bernoulli family . Birkhäuser, Basel 1969.

literature

Alexander Dietz : Frankfurt trade history. Volume II, Frankfurt am Main 1921, pp. 35, 41, 46, 48, 56, 60, 83f, 89, 97f, 133, 139f, 149, 224, 226, 239 and 244 ( digitized in the Internet Archive)
Carl A. Bernoulli (Ed.): Memorial book of the Bernoulli family. On the 300th anniversary of her acceptance into Basel's citizenship . Helbing & Lichtenhahn, Basel 1922. Digitized
René Bernoulli-Sutter: The Bernoulli family . Helbing & Lichtenhahn, Basel 1972.
Peter Merian : The mathematician Bernoulli . Univ., Basel 1860.
Ludwig Otto Spiess : The mathematician Bernoulli . Helbing & Lichtenhahn, Basel 1948.
Margaret BW Tent: Leonhard Euler and the Bernoullis. Mathematicians from Basel. Natick, Mass. 2009.

Web links

Commons : Bernoulli family - collection of images, videos and audio files

René Bernoulli-Sutter: Bernoulli. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
George Szpiro: Mathematical mysteries: The gentlemen from Basle and the Petersburg Paradox. November 2002, accessed September 30, 2009 .
The Bernoulli family. January 2000, accessed September 30, 2009 .
Ulrich Stroux : older Basel line of the Bernoulli family .
Ulrich Stroux: Family tree of the Bernoulli family. (PDF; 24 kB) Accessed May 20, 2011 .
Marie Charlotte Barlow: family tree Bernoulli. In: Geneanet. Retrieved September 30, 2009 .
Fritz Nagel and Sulamith Gehr (eds.): Basler Edition of the Bernoulli correspondence. Retrieved September 6, 2012 .
The Bernoulli at the University of Basel. Website of the Basel Historical Seminar on the history of the university, created for the 550th anniversary of the University of Basel