Wendish Musta
Wendisch Musta (1936–1945 Birk ferry ; Sorbian and Polish Mosty ) is a deserted area in the Polish municipality of Przewóz (German Priebus ) in the powiat Żarski , Lebus Voivodeship .
The village on the right bank of the Neisse , first mentioned in 1464, was destroyed by members of the Wehrmacht in the evening hours of February 20, 1945 .
geography
The village lay on the right, upper valley terrace of the Lusatian Neisse and leaned against the highlands to the north of it. On this the road ran between the former country towns and local centers of power Muskau and Priebus . Voivodeship Road 350 still leads past the former location today , of which some fruit trees are still evidence. On the other bank of the Neisse is Skerbersdorf , to which there used to be a ferry connection. The districts of Kutschig, Lichtenberg and Schrothammer were about two to four kilometers from the village.
Historically, the village was in the Priebussian district of the Silesian Principality of Sagan on the border with the Upper Lusatian territorial lordship of Muskau .
history
The village of Mustau was first mentioned in a document on May 15, 1464, the Tuesday before Pentecost , when Johann II, as Duke of Sagan , lent the Heidemühle am Schrotwasser in the direction of Dubrau to Heinze Unwürde zu Reichenau and the compulsory meal for the inhabitants of Hermsdorf , Mühlbach and Wendisch Musta determined.
From 1490 to 1590 the village was lent to the von Metzerode or von Metzerad families . The landlord's property was valued at 1,600 marks in 1527, as was the property of the villagers. This made the village one of the larger and more affluent of the Priebussian district, Pechern, for example, was estimated at 800 and 500 marks, the town of Priebus at 11,768 and 7,297 marks. A settlement was made with the city of Priebus in 1548, which provided, among other things, brewing and serving rights for the manor. The Kretschmer was obliged to serve a certain amount of Priebussian beer, which could not be sold to him more expensive than for city citizens. Since the village was outside the city's ban mile , the craftsmanship of the tailor and the cobbler remained unaffected.
The village was later loaned to Nicol von Nostitz , who also owned the neighboring villages of Pechern and Hermsdorf. In 1657 Pechern and Wendisch Musta came into the possession of Otto Heinrich von Bibran .
In September 1757, during the Seven Years' War , Austrian corps captured the mayor of Sagan and some other personalities and brought them to Wendisch Musta. The hostages were only released after the town had handed over 100 bushels of rye and oats each . After the Silesian Wars , two colonies were established, which also served as farms .
Until 1827 the lessons took place in the school of Pechern , after which one founded their own school in Wendisch Musta. Classes initially took place in the tavern until the school building was completed in 1828. This became unusable due to the flooding of the Neisse in 1897, so that lessons were given in the estate afterwards. A new schoolhouse was built in 1899 on the edge of the higher Chaussee. During the floods in 1930, the dams could be held, if only with difficulty.
On October 1, 1932, the Sagan district , which had emerged roughly from the Principality of Sagan, was dissolved and distributed to the neighboring districts. Wendisch Musta came to the Rothenburg i district together with other surrounding towns in Priebus . If. Louse.
During the Second World War , bombed-out Germans were temporarily housed in the village. Harald Juhnke was among them for a few days in 1943 . On February 20, 1945, the last group of refugees left the village. In the evening hours of the same day, members of the Wehrmacht destroyed the village and set it on fire before the Red Army could take it on the night of February 21.
After the end of the war, the village, now on the Polish side of the Oder-Neisse line , was not rebuilt. Usable building material was gradually recovered from the resettled Polish population and used in the reconstruction in the surrounding areas.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1910 | 269 |
| 1933 | 251 |
| 1939 | 238 |
Although Wendisch Musta was an agricultural village, by 1800 it no longer had any farmers . The 23 gardeners thus formed a fairly homogeneous population.
In the 20th century, the population fell from 1910 to 1939 by around 10% to 238 inhabitants. Both Catholic and Protestant Christians belonged to the Priebus churches in the parish.
After the war, part of the former population of Wendisch Mustas settled in neighboring Skerbersdorf.
Place name
The German place name is recorded as Mustau in 1464 , later forms include Mosta (1548), Wendisch-Musta (1577), Windisch-Mosta (1602), Wendisch-Moßkau (1689) and Wendischmusche (1749).
The Sorbian name is given inconsistently in dictionaries of the 19th century, including Most (1847 and 1856) and Mósty (1891); mostly there is a reference to Heinersbrück ( Lower Sorbian Móst ). Robert Pohl gave him in 1934 in his second part of the home book of the Rothenburg district as Mosty .
The name is derived from the Old Slavic word most 'bridge'. The German addition to the name could have been created to distinguish it from the nearby town of Muskau, which at times has similar name forms. For example, on Schreiber's map from 1745, there are Muska (town) and Wendisch Muska (village). Generally Muskau name on is muž 'man' returned, but some researchers consider an origin of most probable, especially since the city an old Brückenort Nisou is.
In the course of the Germanization of place names of Slavic origin, Wendisch Musta was renamed Birkfähre in 1936 . In contrast to the previous name Wendisch Musta, this name found no permanent use among the earlier inhabitants after the war .
Sources and further references
literature
- Robert Pohl : Priebus and the villages of the former Sagan western part. 2nd part of the home book of the Rothenburg district O.-L. Buchdruckerei Emil Hampel, Weißwasser O.-L. 1934, p. 37 ff .
- Arthur Heinrich: History of the Principality of Sagan . Commission publishing house Rud. Schoenborn's bookstore Max E. Beyer, Sagan 1911.
Footnotes
- ^ Heinrich: History of the Principality of Sagan. P. 164
- ↑ Brigitte Lachmann: Wendisch-Musta / Birkfähre - a village that no longer exists
- ↑ Great Juhnke memories at the meeting in Skerbersdorf. In: Lausitzer Rundschau . October 6, 2009, accessed October 6, 2009 .
- ↑ Municipal directory Germany 1900. Retrieved on July 16, 2009 .
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Rothenburg district (Upper Lusatia). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ^ Johann Adam Valentin Weigel: The principalities of Sagan and Breslau (= geographical, natural-historical and technological description of the sovereign Duchy of Silesia . Volume 6 ). Himburgische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1802, p. 26 ( digitized on Wikisource ).
- ^ Pohl: Priebus and the villages of the former Sagan western part. 2nd part of the home book of the Rothenburg district O.-L. P. 37
- ^ Johann Georg Zwahr: Niederlausitz-Wendish-German concise dictionary . Ed .: JCF Zwahr. Carl Friedrich Säbisch, Spremberg 1847, p. 213 ( limited preview in the Google book search - identical names of "Heinersbrück, Kr. Cottbus and Wendisch Musta, Kr. Sagan").
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↑ Alexander Puttmann: The German place names with special consideration of the originally Wendish in the Mittelmark and Niederlausitz . Ferd. Dümmlers Verlagbuchhandlung, Berlin 1856, p. 135 ( limited preview in the Google book search - " wendisch Musta in Kr. Sagan on the Görlitzer Neiße (wend. Just
most,whatever name is translated, like Heiners brück northeast of Kottbus on a brook and Bruchland)"). - ↑ Dr. Karl Ernst Mucke : Historical and comparative phonology and forms of the Lower Sorbian (Lower Lusatian-Wendish) language. With special consideration of the border dialects and Upper Sorbian . S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1891, p. 165 ( limited preview in the Google book search - “ Móšćany a resident of Móst Heinersbrück near Cottbus or Mósty Wendisch-Musta near Muskau”).
- ^ Pohl: Priebus and the villages of the former Sagan western part. 2nd part of the home book of the Rothenburg district O.-L. P. 37 (“The Wendish name of the village is Mosty, derived from the Old Slavic most = bridge, probably indicating the transition into Wendish”).
- ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther : Oberlausitz toponymy - studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book (= German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . Volume 28 ). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 193 .
- ^ Hermann Graf von Arnim, Willi A. Boelcke : Muskau. Jurisdiction between the Spree and the Neisse . Ullstein publishing house, Frankfurt / M, Berlin, Vienna 1978, p. 20 f .
Web links
Coordinates: 51 ° 30 ′ 22 ″ N , 14 ° 50 ′ 15 ″ E