Rye brine

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Rye brine
Rye bromus (bromus secalinus)

Rye bromus ( bromus secalinus )

Systematics
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Pooideae
Genre : Brome ( Bromus )
Type : Rye brine
Scientific name
Bromus secalinus
L.

The rye brine ( Bromus secalinus ) is a species of the sweet grass family (Poaceae).

description

The one-year grass has 50 to 100 cm high stalks, like the leaf sheaths in contrast to the hairy leaves are bare. The upright and spreading panicle later nods. The conspicuously large, 15 to 25 mm long spikelets are 4-7 flowered and yellow-green. The awns are only half as long as the lemmas . After the flowering period from June to September, the ripe spikelets turn yellow and the husks spread apart, their edges curling around the grain. When the wind moves the plant, the spikelets rustle audibly.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.

Occurrence

The rye bristle occurs from southern, central and eastern Europe to northwestern Iran and from Siberia to northern China.

It thrives on nutrient-rich and base-rich, mostly low-lime, sandy or pure clay soils. It is a species of the Aperion spicae-venti association. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises to a maximum of 1,100 meters above sea level.

Cultural history

The rye brine exists as a weed in rye fields , much less often in wheat fields . It ripens and germinates with the rye and is harvested with it. It was previously assumed that it could turn into rye and vice versa, later it was assumed that the grass was created by humans over time. In times of need, the grains could be used to bake bread, making the bread dark and bitter. The rye brine has been known since the Neolithic Age and was spread all over the world with rye. Because of the careful cleaning of the seeds, it has become quite rare.

Common names

For the Roggen-Trespe exist or existed, in some cases only regionally, also the other German-speaking trivial names : Dohrt ( Eifel ), Dorp, Dorst ( Bavaria ), Dort ( Silesia , Bavaria, Mecklenburg , Nassau , Hanau , Grafschaft Mark ), Dorth, Draspe ( Göttingen ), Drepse ( East Friesland ), Drespe (Göttingen, Altmark , Mecklenburg, East Friesland), Drespel (Mecklenburg, Western Pomerania ), Dressen ( Bremen ), Dress (Mecklenburg), Drest (Mecklenburg), Durd (Bavaria), Durde (Bavaria), Durst ( Austria ), Durt (Austria, Transylvania ), Dwalch, Dwelk (Eifel, Altenahr , East Prussia ), Gerstentwalch, Korndurst (Austria), Mattwisch (East Prussia), Riffen ( Swabia ), Rispen ( Saxony ), Romwezen ( Middle Low German , in the sense of Rauhweizen), Stocklitz ( Carinthia ), Täverich (Silesia), Töberich (Saxony), Tort ( St. Gallen in the Rhine Valley ), Trebs ( Middle High German ), Trebsen (Middle High German), Trefz ( Switzerland ), Trespe (Silesia), Trest, Trunkenkorn (Eifel near Dreis ), Turn (Switzerland in Obertoggenburg ), Turt (St. Gallen), Twalch (Switzerland, Silesia), Twalm (Middle High German), Twelchweizen, Walchtrespe (Middle High German) and Zwalchweizen (East Prussia).

literature

  • Mogens Skytte Christiansen: grasses. Sweet grasses, sour grasses and rushes (BLV determination book), 4th edition, Munich, Vienna, BLV 1993, ISBN 3-405-13615-6
  • Erich Oberdorfer: Plant-sociological excursion flora. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 5th edition 1983, ISBN 3-8001-3429-2
  • Jens Lüning: Stone Age farmers in Germany. Agriculture in the Neolithic 2000

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 203.
  2. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Bromus secalinus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 5, 2016.
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 204.
  4. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 68, online.

Web links

Commons : Rye Trespe  - Collection of images, videos and audio files