Dürboslar Castle

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West view of Dürboslar Castle

The castle Dürboslar is a typical Rhenish Wasserburg in to Aldenhoven in Düren associated village Dürboslar . The present structure dates from the 16th to 17th centuries and is since 17 July 1984 as a monument under monument protection .

history

The castle in Dürboslar was first mentioned in a document in 1478. However, there are assumptions that its roots could go back to the 9th century, because the area of ​​Dürboslar - which means a clear spot in the thorn bush - was first mentioned in the year 898. At that time, King Zwentibold von Lotharingien gave the Essen women's monastery properties in Dürboslar, which at that time consisted of three courtyards: the Biemerhof, the Junkershof and probably a third courtyard, from which the castle later emerged. It would also be possible, however, that the castle was only built on a hill in the 14th century by a squire named Werner von Wedenau and was given as a fief to Duke Wilhelm II of Jülich on March 20, 1391 . However, neither of these two options is guaranteed.

In 1478 the former Jülich open house had become a fiefdom of the Cologne Archbishopric , which Johann von Boissler sold to Johann von Linzenich that year . In the absence of a male heir, the eldest daughter of this family was also entitled to inheritance, and so the castle complex passed to the family of her husband Johann Hoen von Cartils through Johann's granddaughter Maria in 1608. The couple's grandson and great-grandchildren, Johann Wilhelm and Franz Arnold Hoen von Cartils, had the facility largely rebuilt in the second half of the 17th century. When Franz Arnold died childless, the inheritance passed to his nephew Franz Emmerich von Reifenberg and from him through his sister in 1710 to his brother-in-law Johann Adolph von und zu Gymnich .

The castle remained in the possession of this family for more than 100 years before it died out in 1825 with the Neuss canon Johanna von Gymnich. Dürboslar Castle then passed to Johanna's great-nephew, Count Max Felix von Wolff-Metternich . His family had the old mansion of the complex torn down two corner towers down to the foundation walls and erected a new building in 1841. 1852, the old outer walls and foundations were also the building of the inclusion Vorburg newly listed. The property was badly damaged at the end of the Second World War . Among other things, the weir bay window above the entrance to the gateway was lost. When the destruction was removed after the end of the war, the room layout of the castle buildings was redesigned in order to make several residential units out of them. Since the plant is located in an area in which hard coal mining was carried out until 1997 , in the 1980s it had to contend with damage to the masonry caused by subsidence - in addition to age-related damage. These were remedied during monument conservation measures in the mid-1980s.

Since 1968 the facility has belonged to the Bommers family, who use the property for agriculture. In addition, apartments are housed in the buildings and a company's workshops are located in the outer bailey.

description

Schematic site plan

The castle is a two-part brick complex , consisting of a core castle to the west with a manor house and a bailey to the west with farm buildings and a gate tower . It used to be surrounded on all sides by a ditch , which today only carries water on the west and south sides. On the north and east sides, however, the ditch can still be seen in the terrain.

Mansion

The manor house is a brick building from 1841 on a rectangular floor plan. Its two floors are connected by a gable roof completed. The acute-angled gables have diagonally walled bricks typical of the Lower Rhine at the verges . The west corner of the building is marked by a narrow, three-storey round tower with a flat polygonal helmet and a weather vane . It comes from the previous building from 1685 and has transverse floor windows with house surrounds . At the eastern corner, the building is adjoined by a narrow wing that connects it with a two-storey square tower. The fact that the wing, like the round tower, still comes from the previous building, is evident from the windows of the same type. The quadrangular tower received its uppermost storey with a flat pyramid roof only in 1841, the lower part, however, dates from the 17th century. In the basement it has loopholes with house framing. A stone tablet with the alliance coat of arms Hoen von Cartils and Metternich zu Müllenark hangs on the courtyard side above the entrance to the manor house . There is also the inscription ANNO 1685, FRANTZ ARNOLD FREYHERR HOEN VON CARTYLS ZU BOSSELAR, MARIA AMELIA GEB FREYINNE VON METTERNICH ZU MULLENARC, MARRIAGE. The old and new structures of the entire building can be clearly distinguished on the basis of the different window sizes.

Outer bailey

Gate building and mansion

To the east of the manor house is the three-winged outer bailey with barns and stables. Its irregular floor plan is open on the west side to the manor house. Some of the outer walls date back to the 16th century, but most of them come from an almost complete rebuilding of the outer bailey between 1651 and 1656, which was carried out under Johann Wilhelm Hoen von Cartils and his wife Johanna Maria von Friemersdorf called Pützfeld (t). Iron wall anchors in the form of the year 1656 on the north wing of the outer bailey previously announced the end of this work. However, some parts were remodeled in the mid-19th century.

At the southern end of the east wing is the gate of the complex in Renaissance forms . The two-story brick building with a high gable roof has loopholes on the west side. Its arched gate passage sits in a rectangular, baroque house border. A brick bridge leads to the building. It replaced a wooden drawbridge that was still in place in 1651 , the roles of which have been preserved. Above the passage you can find the console stones of a former military dungeon. In between hangs a coat of arms with the inscription DÜRBOSLAR A. DOMIMNI 1960. It is the replacement for a coat of arms stone on the former military bay with the alliance coat of arms of the builders and the inscription ANNO 1651, IWHVCZD (Johann Wilhelm Hoen von Cartils zu Dürboslar), IMVFGPZB (Johanna Maria von Friemersdorf called Pützfeld to ???). To the right and left of the coat of arms, the building has cross-story windows with house surrounds. At the decorative gable of the gate tower, steps alternate with brick segment arches. Holes in the top of the roof show that a dovecote used to be there . The facade of the gate on the courtyard side is unadorned.

literature

Web links

Commons : Burg Dürboslar  - collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Description of the monument authority on limburg-bernd.de , accessed on January 18, 2020.
  2. ^ A b Information about Dürboslar on the website of the municipality of Aldenhoven , accessed on September 26, 2016.
  3. ^ Theodor Joseph Lacomblet : Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine. Volume 1. Wolf, Düsseldorf 1840, No. 81, p. 43 ( digitized version ).
  4. ^ Theodor Joseph Lacomblet: Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine. Volume 3. Wolf, Düsseldorf 1853, No. 953, p. 839 ( digitized version ).
  5. ↑ a b c d Dirk Holtermann, Holger A. Dux: The Dürener castle tour. 2001, p. 111.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g Ulrich Coenen: Architectural treasures in the Düren district. 1989, p. 59.
  7. ^ Karl Franck-Oberaspach, Edmund Renard: Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreis Jülich. 1902, p. 55.
  8. ^ Harald Herzog: Rhenish palace buildings in the 19th century. Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1981, ISBN 3-7927-0585-0 , p. 62.
  9. ↑ a b Theodor Wildemann: Rhenish moated castles and water-defended palace buildings. Rhenish Association for Monument Preservation and Heritage Protection, Bonn 1954, p. 28.
  10. ^ Octavia Zanger: Measures at Dürboslar Castle in Aldenhoven. In: Yearbook of the Rheinische Denkmalpflege, 1985. RVGB, Köln / Puhlheim [1985], ISBN 3-7927-0825-6 , pp. 379-380.
  11. ↑ Burg Dürboslar in Aldenhoven on dueren.city-map.de , accessed on September 26, 2016.
  12. ^ A b Karl Franck-Oberaspach, E. Renard: Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreis Jülich 1902, p. 56.
  13. ↑ Walther Zimmermann , Hugo Borger (ed.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 3: North Rhine-Westphalia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 273). Kröner, Stuttgart 1963, DNB 456882847 , p. 159.

Coordinates: 50 ° 54 ′ 22 ″  N , 6 ° 15 ′ 26 ″  E