Linzenich Castle

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Castle outer bailey, view from the south
Mansion ruin

The Linzenich Castle , now also Good Linzenich called, is in Bourheim , a district of Jülich in North Rhine-Westphalia Düren . Its roots lie in a fortified manor house , which was elected as a state parliament in the 15th century . The owners from the von Harff family expanded the farm into a small moated castle , which saw many different owners through the marriage of heir daughters and sale before it was bought by the von Mylius family in 1836 - meanwhile converted into a castle . This is still the owner today.

Linzenich Castle is classified as an architectural monument and is largely under monument protection . The city ​​of Jülich was included in the list of monuments on April 23, 1992.

history

The mention of a Loef von Linzenich in a document from 1255 suggests that there was already a permanent house in Linzenich at that time , after which the owner family was named. But this wasn't much more than a fortified courtyard. In the Middle Ages , several families were wealthy in Linzenich, so that research assumes that Linzenich was a small hamlet at that time that had developed from a farm. Johann von Harff zu Harff began buying goods in and around Linzenich in 1375, which his two sons Johann and Gottschalk jointly inherited and expanded. In 1444 you were referred to as Lords of Linzenich. At that time, your property already had the status of a knight's seat eligible for state assembly . Around 1500 Linzenich seems to have been owned by the von Harff family.

Incorrect and mirror-inverted view of the lock from the Welser Codex

Under Gottschalk von Harff or, at the latest, under his son Daem, the complex was extensively expanded and converted into a moated castle . The complex is mentioned in the marriage contract between Daem von Harffs, Landdrost zu Jülich, and his wife Katharina von Palant from 1484. It consisted of a rectangular mansion and an adjoining, massive square tower. Daem's daughter Johanna inherited the castle and brought it to her husband Johann von Hatzfeld-Wildenburg . Via their son Damian, Linzenich finally got to his daughter Anna and her second husband Adolf von Gymnich , the bailiff of Brauweiler , in 1576 . Together with his son Werner, he sold the property to Count Adam von Schwarzenberg-Gimborn in 1606 for 31.88 Cologne thalers . The sale was subject to the condition that the new lord of the castle had to pay the sisters-in-law of Adolf von Gymnich, sisters of his deceased wife, their inheritance of 11,8000 Cologne thalers. Adam von Schwarzenberg and his son Johann Adolf had the castle chapel rebuilt together before Johann Adolf sold the complex on December 1, 1646 for 15,700 Rhenish thalers to the Düssel siblings, including Arnold Düssel, who later became the sole owner. Johann Adolf's cousin Dorothea, Countess von Croy , tried to challenge this sale because she claimed a right of first refusal for herself, but she received no right in court, and the complex remained in the possession of the Düssel family. Arnold Düsseldorf's son Johann Wilhelm and his wife Margarethe von Bequerer had the tower of the manor house equipped with a new helmet , as indicated by the wrought iron weather vane on the top of the tower with the coat of arms of the builders. They also had a small roof turret attached to the chapel .

Linzenich Castle around 1875

In 1724 the indebted Hofrat Johann Friedrich von Düssel sold the complex to Franz Egon Peter Henriquez von Streversdorff . His daughter Maria Anna Helene married Baron Franz Joseph Melchior Amandus von Geyr , owner of Müddersheim Castle , in 1731 , and brought Linzenich to him. After the death of his wife, he entered into a second marriage with Anna Lucia Wilhelmine von Herweg. As a widow, she had the property completely changed in the Baroque style. In 1752, for example, she expanded the old manor house in a south-easterly direction and had its roof, which was in danger of collapsing, replaced by a mansard roof . The year before, she had had the tenant house built in the outer bailey. The only daughter from her husband's first marriage, Maria Ursula, eventually inherited the castle and brought it with her to her marriage to Everhard Anton Caspar von Beywegh. After the death of his wife, he had a usufruct right to the castle, which he used until his death in 1833. Since the couple had no children, the property went to a community of heirs made up of relatives of Maria Ursula von Geyr. They had it publicly auctioned in 1836. The buyer was Baron Karl Josef von Mylius, who paid 65,000 thalers for the facility. His wife Walburga, born Freiin von Geyr, was one of the castle's numerous heirs. The von Mylius family is still the owner and lives in the outer bailey. After 1836 she had the surrounding area of ​​the castle redesigned into a landscape garden and the castle chapel changed in a neo-Gothic style in 1880.In 1905, the high helmet of the square tower was replaced by a neo-baroque hood with a lantern and the mansion was renovated. In addition, the current tenant house, which was damaged after a fire, was built in the same year.

During the Second World War , bombs severely damaged the property on November 16, 1944 in a major Allied attack on Jülich. The mansion burned down and has been in ruins ever since . The north-west and south-west wings of the outer bailey - with the exception of the south corner - were completely destroyed. The preserved and partially rebuilt parts are now privately inhabited and can only be viewed from the outside.

description

The former moated castle is a two-part system. It consists of the ruinous mansion, which used to stand on its own island, and the multi-wing outer bailey with farm buildings. Up until the middle of the 19th century, the castle was surrounded in the north and south-east by a double system of ditches that were fed by the Mühlenbach, a body of water that also supplied the ditches of the houses in Overbach and Kirchberg with water. The moats in the south-eastern area were filled in after the Second World War; the remaining moats have dried up since the 1960s. Brick was mostly used for the construction of the castle . It was combined with some foundations made of quarry stone and a few house stone elements. The roofs used to have a uniform covering made of slate , today some areas are covered with red roof tiles. The facility is located in the middle of an English landscaped garden from the 19th century, which is overgrown today.

Site plans of the castle from 1738, 1777 and 1900

Mansion

The tower of the manor house before 1905

Due to the effects of the war, the former manor house is now only a ruin. The rectangular building used to stand on the open, northern corner of the outer bailey on its own island, which was surrounded by a wide moat. The building had a ground floor and an upper floor above a high basement, which were divided into seven axes on the southeastern entrance side by windows with house surrounds and shutters . These came from a thorough renovation in 1752. The north-eastern part of the mansion probably dates from the Gothic period, while the south-western part was only built in the Baroque era. On the north-west side stood a mighty square tower in the middle, also with two full storeys. It probably came from the late Middle Ages and had walls 1.5 meters thick in the basement. Above its late Gothic Traufgesims with one on profiled corbels resting pointed arch fries the attic, which was built in the middle of the 17th century Johann Wilhelm Düsselstrand rose. It was closed off by a steep, octagonal helmet with a bell-shaped top. The three central axes of the entrance facade were designed as a central projection and closed off by a flat triangular gable, in whose gable field the coats of arms of the Geyr and Herwegh families as well as the year 1752 could be seen. The building was closed by a mansard roof from the Baroque period. Behind the two-winged entrance door was a vestibule , from which a wooden flight of stairs with richly carved posts led to the upper floor.

Outer bailey

The manor house was connected to the multi-winged outer bailey via an arched bridge , some of which is still preserved today. Its wings surrounded a rectangular courtyard , which was open at its north corner. From the former corner towers of the outer bailey, only the foundations of the south and east towers were preserved in 1738. The farm buildings were surrounded by their own moat. The appearance of the buildings was mostly from the 18th century before the war destruction. In the middle of the east wing there was a representative gate tower with a baroque hood and a closed lantern. On it was a wrought-iron weather vane with the coat of arms of Johann Wilhelm Düssels and his wife Margarethe von Bequerer. On the outside, above the archway, hung a stone tablet with the Schwarzenberg coat of arms, which originally came from the castle chapel. Other buildings belonging to the outer bailey were the tenant house, which due to its wall anchors can be dated to the year 1751, and the administrator's house with a round corner tower, newly built in 1905. Both buildings were converted into apartments and are now used privately.

chapel

Castle chapel

A chestnut avenue , which is still preserved today, led to the gate tower of the outer bailey , at the beginning of which there is a small chapel dedicated to St. Anthony . A chapel for Linzenich is documented as early as 1351. At that time it probably did not belong to the castle. Because this first building had become dilapidated, Count Adam von Schwarzenberg and his son Adolf had it replaced with a new building, a hall church with a three-sided choir . A six-sided lantern made of wood stands on the slate-covered gable roof . Towards the end of the 19th century, Carl Florentin von Mylius had the chapel redesigned in a neo-Gothic style. Today's pointed arched entrance, which is flanked on the right and left by coats of arms, comes from these modifications . The left shows the coat of arms of the von Schwarzenberg family, the right the alliance coat of arms of Mylius / Raitz von Frentz . The two-bay interior of the chapel has flat ribbed vaults .

literature

  • Ulrich Coenen: Architectural treasures in the Düren district. 2nd Edition. Mainz, Aachen 1989, ISBN 3-925714-27-8 , pp. 48-51.
  • Alexander Duncker (Ed.): The rural residences, castles and residences of the knightly landowners in the Prussian monarchy together with the royal family, house, Fideicommiss and casket goods in lifelike, artistically executed, colored representations and accompanying text. Volume 14. Duncker, Berlin 1875–77 ( PDF ; 244 kB).
  • Karl Franck-Oberaspach, Edmund Renard : The art monuments of the Jülich district (= The art monuments of the Rhine Province . Volume 8, Section 1). L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1902, pp. 177-184 ( digitized version ).
  • Bernhard Gondorf: The castles of the Eifel and their peripheral areas. A lexicon of the "permanent houses" . J. P. Bachem, Cologne 1984, ISBN 3-7616-0723-7 , p. 96 .
  • Dirk Holtermann, Holger A. Dux : The Düren castle tour. Cycling between the Rur and the Eifel. Bouvier, Bonn 2001, ISBN 3-416-02979-8 , p. 116 ( online ).
  • Helmut Holtz: Linzenich Castle. In: Yearbook of the Düren District 1995. Hahne & Schlömer, Düren 1994, ISSN  0342-5835 , pp. 113–119.
  • Hans Kisky: Castles and manors in the Rhineland. Based on old engravings and templates (= castles, palaces, mansions. Volume 15). Weidlich, Frankfurt a. M. 1960, pp. 27-28.
  • Octavia Zanger: Monuments in the city of Jülich. Stadt Jülich, Jülich 1989, ISBN 3-921869-02-1 , pp. 30–32.

Web links

Commons : Linzenich Castle  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Partial description of the monument authority on limburg-bernd.de , accessed on September 14, 2015.
  2. ↑ D. Holtermann, HA Dux: The Dürener castle tour. Cycling between the Rur and the Eifel. 2001, p. 116.
  3. ↑ a b c d K. Franck-Oberaspach, E. Renard: Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreis Jülich. 1902, p. 179.
  4. ↑ a b O. Zanger: Architectural monuments in the city of Jülich. 1989, p. 30.
  5. ↑ a b Entry by Gabriele Rustemeyer on Linzenich Castle in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute.
  6. ^ Landesarchiv NRW Rhineland Department, 2029 - G 586/1811 , accessed on September 14, 2015.
  7. ↑ O. Zanger: Monuments in the city of Jülich. 1989, p. 32.
  8. ^ A b c Friedrich Everhard von Mering: History of castles, manors, abbeys and monasteries in the Rhineland and the provinces of Jülich, Cleve, Berg and Westphalen. Volume 8. Mathieur, Cologne 1845, p. 118 ( digitized version ).
  9. ^ Landesarchiv NRW Rhineland Department, 1442 - D 812/2072 , accessed on September 14, 2015.
  10. ↑ K. Franck-Oberaspach, E. Renard: The art monuments of the Jülich district. 1902, pp. 181-182.
  11. ↑ a b B. Gondorf: The castles of the Eifel and their peripheral areas. 1984, p. 96.
  12. ↑ a b K. Franck-Oberaspach, E. Renard: The art monuments of the Jülich district. 1902, p. 183.
  13. ↑ a b K. Franck-Oberaspach, E. Renard: The art monuments of the Jülich district. 1902, p. 181.
  14. ↑ a b Christian Lenz: Linzenich Castle near Jülich and its history. In: Rur flowers. Leaves for entertainment, edification and instruction, supplement to the Jülich Kreisblatt. Vol. 8, No. 15, 1928, no p.
  15. ↑ K. Franck-Oberaspach, E. Renard: The art monuments of the Jülich district. 1902, p. 182.

Coordinates: 50 ° 54 ′ 26 "  N , 6 ° 20 ′ 35"  E