Horneburg Castle
| Horneburg | ||
|---|---|---|
 The moat of the inner castle today |
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| Creation time : | 1255 | |
| Castle type : | Niederungsburg | |
| Conservation status: | Burgstall | |
| Standing position : | Ministeriale | |
| Place: | Horneburg | |
| Geographical location | 53 ° 30 '35 " N , 9 ° 35' 16" E | |
| Height: | 2 m above sea level NN | |
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The Horneburg was a late medieval abbey Bremen moated castle in what is now the municipality of Horneburg in the Stade district in Lower Saxony .
location
The Horneburg is built as a moated castle in the Sietland of Lühe . There she controlled the access from the Altes Land along the Lühe to the Stader Geest . The Horneburg was near the trade routes between Buxtehude and Stade and in the border area of the Archdiocese of Bremen to the Diocese of Verden and the Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg .
The castle got its name from a lentil of firm bran soil, which protruded from the swampy Sietland and was previously called "de Horne" in Low German .
history
The Horneburg was built in 1255 by the Archbishop of Bremen . Mention of the Horneburg before 1255 is based on confusion with the Horneburg in Westphalia or the Harburg ( Horburg ).
The construction of the castle was a reaction to the rebuilding of Harburg in 1253 by the Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg. Albert von Braunschweig-Lüneburg broke an agreement that his father had made with the Archdiocese of Bremen in 1236 with the rebuilding of Harburg, which was formerly a foundation of Bremen.
The castle was built on the property of the Harsefeld Monastery . The crew, made up of ministerials from the monastery of Bremen, who were wealthy in the vicinity of the castle on the Geest and in the Altes Land, were tied to the monastery through castle loans . Burgmann families were the von Schulte , the von Bliedersdorf , later inherited by the von Borch , the von der Osten , later also the Marschalck von Bachtenbrock , the von Zesterfleth and the von Düring , who inherited the von Borch.
After Buxtehude was founded in 1285, the Horneburg lost its importance as a bulwark against the Principality of Lüneburg, but it gained autonomy. The castle team managed to transfer the castle seats, which had previously only been fiefdom, into cooperative ownership. A close castle community was formed, which was intensified by regularly renewed support and friendship obligations. The castle community sealed with a community seal in the form of a coat of arms, an upright hunting horn curved to the left on a shield chiselled with uneven diamonds.
The Horneburg passed its first test in 1311. The Archbishop of Bremen, Jens Grand, besieged the Horneburg with the help of his allies Otto von Lüneburg and the Bishop of Verden. Heinrich von Borch , the Isern Hinnerk , who was in conflict with the archbishop , withdrew here after he was driven from his castle in the Dannsee . After the conquest of the Horneburg and the capture of Heinrich von Borch, the Burgmannen had to leave the Horneburg as punishment for supporting Heinrich von Borch, but were able to return to it after a short time.
The Horneburg Burgmannen now began to lead an increasingly independent policy. They were always feuding; Complaints about raids increased. In 1361 Archbishop Albert II had to promise the city of Stade help against the robbing Horneburgers. The Lüneburg dukes Albrecht and Wenzel were able to obtain an atonement treaty with the Horneburgers in 1380 . These contracts proved to be ineffective, however, as early as 1385 the Horneburger Burgmannschaft carried out raids into the diocese of Verden in the course of the Mandelsloh feud during the War of the Lüneburg Succession .
In 1425 Archbishop Nikolaus carried out an attack on the Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg , who had set up his headquarters in Verden. He tried to take the diocese of Verden by surprise, but the attack could be repulsed. The counter-attack was carried out against the Horneburg, where in July 1426 there was a lengthy siege by the dukes of Braunschweig-Lüneburg. On Annentag , after the arrival of relief troops from Stade, Buxtehude and the Altes Land, the siege was unsuccessfully broken off, for which prayers of thanks were said until the First World War. The siege triggered the Horneburg feud , in which the Horneburg Burgmannen, thinking of revenge, invaded the Diocese of Verden and the Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, which was followed by a whole series of mutual raids. The feud did not come to an end until 1432. Negotiations were started during which damage lists were exchanged. But it remained uneasy. It was only with the mediation of the cities of Lübeck , Hamburg , Bremen , Stade and Buxtehude that the Horneburgers swore the original feud on April 7, 1443 . Since these contracts had to be renewed later, however, it can be concluded that the Horneburg remained a threat to the trade routes.
The cities of Bremen, Stade and Buxtehude succeeded in pledging one of the Burgmann's seats for a considerable sum in 1446. As part of the castle community, they were able to guarantee each other's security.
Around 1510 the Burgmann families gradually gave up their houses in the outer bailey and moved to newly built mansions in the area, such as the Esteburg . The Horneburg was no longer occupied.
During the Thirty Years' War Tilly took Horneburg on October 11, 1627. In return, Gustav Adolf managed to recapture Horneburg in 1632. Large parts of Horneburg were burned down on both occasions; when Horneburg was recaptured, only the Schulte Burgmannshaus was spared the fire. In 1645 the Swedes occupied Horneburg. Obsolete due to new military equipment, the Horneburg probably no longer played a role as a fortification at that time. Hans Christoph von Königsmarck therefore had the Horneburg razed after the conquest.
Todays use
Five manors were divided from the castle fief and the lands belonging to the castle . Today these are largely owned by the family of the Barons von Düring, another part is owned by the municipality of Horneburg, the rest is in private hands. Gut I is located in the outer bailey, today's inner castle is used as a garden.
investment
The circular Horneburg, about 30 by 40 meters, was surrounded by an arm of the Lühe . This Lühearm formed a moat eight meters wide . This "inner" castle was fortified with a wall and palisade and contained a stone tower. It was accessible via a drawbridge from the outer bailey, in which each Burgmann family had its own house. There were also stables and warehouses here. The outer bailey surrounded by another arm of the Lühe, the Dovelühe, was also fortified and only accessible via a drawbridge.
Three dams formed the entrance to the castle, at which craftsmen and traders settled over time. From this settlement, today's village of Horneburg emerged.
See also
literature
- Hans G. Trüper: Knights and squires between Weser and Elbe - The ministeriality of the Archbishopric Bremen . Landscape Association of the former Duchies of Bremen and Verden, Stade 2000, ISBN 3-931879-05-4 .
- Otto Merker: The knighthood of the Archbishopric of Bremen in the late Middle Ages . Stader History and Local History Association, Stade 1962.
Web links
- Entry by Stefan Eismann on Horneburg Castle in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute