East (noble family)

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Coat of arms of those of the east

From the east [ oːstən ] the name is one since 1248 in Pomerania resident, originally pen Bremen Uradelsgeschlechts with headquarters in Lower Saxony East at the Oste . It acquired numerous goods in Western and Western Pomerania. In 1854 the Osten were one of the ten families that had the hereditary right of presentation to the Prussian manor house .

Von der Osten-Sacken [ ˈoːstən ] is the name of a German-Baltic prehistoric nobility that had lived in the Baltic States since the 13th century . Arnoldus dictus Lyndale was enfeoffed with sacks by Bishop Otto von Kurland in 1386 and appeared in 1395 as Arnoldus de Sacken . Sander von Sacken, called von der Oest , first appeared in 1544 with the united name, which was later changed to Osten-Sacken and led to the union of the coats of arms with the von der Osten, although no tribal community of both sexes is proven. The Osten-Sacken provided numerous officers and diplomats from the Russian Empire. In 1762 one branch received the imperial count and in 1786 the Prussian prince status , in 1821 another branch the Russian count and in 1832 the prince status.

history

from the east

Origins

East to the east

The real area of ​​origin of the family from the east is said to be the area around Paderborn in Westphalia . However, the family first appeared in a document in 1219 with Egehard de Oste and the presumed brothers Bertold de Oste , Theodericus de Oste , Walther de Oste and Hizel de Oste as ministers of Archbishop Gebhard II of Bremen or more precisely the County of Stade , which in turn was assigned by the Archbishop Fief and fell back to him in 1236. The family name derives from the near Cuxhaven church village Osten on the left bank of the Oste , a navigable tributary of the Lower Elbe in Lower Saxony , where the east had the manor fiefdom from the bishopric of Bremen in the 13th and 14th centuries . With Hermann III. , Burgmann von Horneburg , they are mentioned for the last time in 1426 in their home country.

The noble family spread from Lower Saxony to Holstein , Mecklenburg , Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen . The brothers Ulrich and Friedrich ("Olricus advocatus Dyminensis et dominus Fredericus frater ipsius") appear in a document on Demmin in November 1248 .

Vögte to Demmin

Ruins of the Demmin house

Knight Ulricus de Osten was mentioned in a document from 1243 to 1255 as the princely Pomeranian Vogt of Demmin . As such, he transferred four hooves to the Dargun monastery in Wittenwerder . His sons Arnold, Hermann and Otto are also mentioned as knights and castle men at the royal castle Haus Demmin in the period from 1271 to 1322 . The ducal line to Pomerania-Demmin had already expired in 1264 and the rule had fallen to the Dukes of Pomerania-Stettin, which is why the bailiffs now officiated at the castle alone. Hennecke, Arnold's son, was referred to as a ducal-Pomeranian Burgmann at Lindenberg Castle near Upost from 1319 to 1363. Arnold jun., Otto's son was also a knight and Burgmann zu Demmin from 1303 to 1315. Wedige, Hermann's son, was named as Vogt zu Demmin, who sat at Burg Osten near Demmin. He was the first from the east to visit this castle, which he probably gave his name to. The east castle was probably built at the beginning of the 13th century. At the beginning of the 14th century it was transferred to Winterfeld and in 1330 to Maltzahn , but the east were well off in the area until after 1363. After the Thirty Years War the castle was demolished.

Landlords in Pomerania

In 1303, however, Hynricus and Bernardus de Osten were named as vassals of the Prince of Werle (according to Schwarz). With this they seem to have transferred from Pomerania to Mecklenburg in Werlesche services.

Fredericus de Osten miles dictus de woldenborch later sits in Pyritz on Woldenburg, Regenwalde district (today Dąbie). With both brothers and their descendants, the east belonged to the castle or castle-sitting families in the Duchy of Pomerania . The family spread further to Neumark , Poland and Denmark , and later to Prussia and Bavaria .

Map of the Duchy of Western Pomerania with the Ostenschen Kreis (in the eastern center)

1367 East bought by Wedell the rule Plathe in Pomerania . In 1577 Wedige von der Osten was forced to sell the old family castle and part of the town to Hermann von Blücher . A few hundred meters away to the east, a new castle was built that belonged to the family until the expulsion in 1945. Today's "New Palace" is - except for one side wing - only a building from the early 20th century. Around Plathe existed from the 17th century to 1817 the Osten- and Blüchersche Kreis , so named because of the two sexes with the largest property. The divided rule over Plathe ended when Matthias Conrad von der Osten (1691–1748), Privy Finance Councilor and Chief President of the Kurmark War and Domain Chamber in Berlin, married the last heiress of the Plathen line of Blücher in 1731, thus reuniting the two estates. The circle was now called "Ostenscher Kreis" .

  • Altes Schloss Plathe ("Blücherschloß")

  • New Plathe Castle ("Ostenschloß")

Larger possessions of those from the east were also on Rügen, including Gut Kapelle near Gingst and Gut Lipsitz near Bergen on Rügen (1603 to 1730). In 1615 Henning von der Osten bought Penkun and Penkun Castle in Western Pomerania ; After being sold in 1756, it was bought back in 1817 by August Wilhelm von der Osten and remained in the family's possession until it was expropriated during the land reform in 1945.

Heinrich Karl von der Osten acquired Gut Blumberg in 1763 from his father-in-law and uncle of the von Sydow family . His son Karl von der Osten built the manor house in 1792. In 1898 the 2,500 hectare estate came to Friedrich Wilhelm von der Osten on Penkun. Henning von der Osten was expropriated in 1945 by the land reform. In 1996 his three sons succeeded in buying back the manor house with courtyard and park and in 1997 the larger part of the Blumberg Forest from the state and taking it over into their own management.

Other branches became property through marriage in West Germany , for example in 1974 at Bassenheim Castle (which made the branch of the Freiherrn von Waldthausen -Osten members of the Rhenish Knighthood ) and in 1978 at the Edelhof Ricklingen in Hanover .

In the registration book of the Dobbertin monastery there are six entries by daughters of the families von der Osten from Karstorf and Plathe from 1713 to 1866 for inclusion in the aristocratic women's monastery .

from the east sack

The von der Osten family, known as Sacken, spread throughout the Baltic States in the 13th century . It belongs to the ancient Baltic nobility and goes back to Arnoldus dictus Lyndale , who in 1386 was enfeoffed by Bishop Otto von Kurland with the house and area of ​​Sacken (later the parish of Sacken). In 1395 he was enfeoffed as Arnoldus de Sacken with Erkuln and Goldingen . The sacks were wealthy landowners, especially in the Livonian and Courland knighthood .

Sander von Sacken, called von der Oest , first appeared in 1544 with the combined name, which later led to the name and coat of arms of the two sexes as von der Osten called Sacken , without a tribal community being able to be proven. Since the Osten-Sacken had a well-known name in Russia, Ludwig von der Osten, who came from Pomerania, used their name as an officer in Russian services.

Dondangen Castle (Dundaga)

The estates of the Osten-Sacken included Appricken ( Apriķi ) and Paddern in the Hasenpoth district ; Dondangen , Groß- and Klein-Bathen, Lehnen, Pilten, Sareicken and Sackenmünde in the Duchy of Courland and Semgallia ; Schnepeln, Suhr, Seemuppen, Pewicken, furs (all in Kurland).

Dondangen was initially owned by Diedrich von Maydell , who was married to Anna Sybilla von der Osten-Sacken. Since the marriage remained childless, the widow bequeathed the estate to her nephew, Prince Carl Fürst von der Osten gen. Sacken .

In 1917 Livonia ceded its Estonian part to Estonia , but was annexed to Courland in the south . As a result of the Brest-Litovsk peace treaty , the independent republics of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were created in 1918 . The Latvian War of Independence against Soviet Russia was supported by Estonians and the Baltic Germans ( Baltic State Armed Forces , Iron Division ), a failed coup attempt by the German-Baltic minority was followed by a Latvian government, which expropriated the German-Baltic landowners through the Latvian land reform of 1919/1920. which is why many Baltic Germans, including numerous members of the Osten-Sacken family, emigrated to the Reich. Paul Freiherr von der Osten-Sacken returned to Courland in 1924. 70 family members joined the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) in the Third Reich , 20 of them before the seizure of power .

Status surveys

There have been several elevations, such as the barons, imperial counts, the Prussian, Polish and Russian counts and princes. The following subjects are only selected individual examples:

  • Adolph Siegfried von der Osten received a Polish count's diploma on October 29, 1768
  • Carl von der Osten-Sacken was raised to the rank of count by Emperor Franz I in 1762, and to the rank of prince in 1786 by King Friedrich Wilhelm II
  • Fabian Gottlieb von der Osten-Sacken was elevated to the rank of Russian count in 1821 and prince in 1832.
  • Karl Ludwig August Franz von der Osten was raised to the Prussian count status in 1888, linked to the possession of Plathe

Presentation right to the Prussian manor house

In 1855, King Friedrich Wilhelm IV granted the family the right to present themselves to the Prussian mansion . The family was one of the ten families who received this right in the initial phase of the manor house in 1854/1855.

At the presentation of the Association of the Pomeranian Castle Seated Sex from the East sat in the manor house:

coat of arms

The family coat of arms of the east is split. It shows three slanting silver wave bars in blue on the right and an upright silver key on the left in red , the beard of which is turned to the left. The corrugated beams are supposed to symbolize the river Oste (according to another view the three Elbe tributaries Oste, Lühe and Schwinge ), the upright key the archbishopric of Bremen . On the helmet in the black open eagle flight two crossed golden keys in front of a silver column decorated with three peacock feathers and decorated with a silver star . The helmet covers are silver-red on the right and silver-blue on the left.

The family coat of arms of those von Sacken, later von der Osten-Sacken , shows three six-pointed gold stars (2: 1) on a blue background; later quartered with the coat of arms of those from the east. For the Prussian dynasty: the emblem of the prince with the prince's hat as a heart shield on the emblem with a Prussian black eagle on a silver background (1), a golden lion on a red background (2 and 3) and a black eagle on a golden background (4). For the Russian prince: the emblem of the east and sack quartered, a black double-headed eagle in the gold heart shield.

  • Coat of arms of those of the Osten-Sacken

  • Count's coat of arms, Osten-Sacken

  • Coat of arms of the Osten-Sacken, Russischer Friedhof Wiesbaden

  • Princely coat of arms of the east called Sacken (1786)

Known family members

from the east

from the east sack

Prince Fabian Gottlieb von der Osten-Sacken (1752–1837), Russian field marshal

literature

  • Deutsche Adelsgenossenschaft (Hrsg.): Yearbook of the German nobility . Volume 2, 1898, published by WT Bruer, p. 692 ff (Osten) - digitized and p. 749 ff (Osten-Sacken) - digitized
  • Johann Samuelersch , Johann Gottfried Gruber (Hrsg.): General encyclopedia of the sciences and arts. Section III, Volume 6, Brockhaus, Leipzig 1835, pp. 463-468. ( Full text )
  • Genealogical manual of the nobility . Nobility Lexicon. Volume X, Volume 119 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1999, ISSN  0435-2408 , pp. 69-78.
  • Genealogical manual of the nobility. CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn), 1958, pp. 321-322; 1959, pp. 527-529; 1965, pp. 194-232; 1976, pp. 295-297; 1973, pp. 311-316; 1985, pp. 242-286 and 1992, pp. 235-372.
  • Genealogical manual of the Baltic knighthoods. Estonia, Part 2.3, Görlitz 1930, pp. 344–345 ( full text ) East
  • Genealogical manual of the Oesel knighthood. 1935, pp. 250-260 ( full text ) Osten-Sacken
  • Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the noble houses . Gotha, Justus Perthes, AA, 1900 St., v. the east (supplement 1901–1939), 1901 / p. 668ff. , 1906 / S.542ff (Osten-Fabeck)
  • Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the baronial houses. Gotha, Justus Perthes, 1859, p. 554 ff.
  • Otto Grotefend : History of the sex vd east. Szczecin 1914/23. ( Full text )
  • Otto Titan von Hefner : Studbook of the flourishing and dead nobility in Germany: Published by some German nobles. Volume 3, Georg Joseph Manz, Regensburg 1865, pp. 121–122. ( Full text )
  • Robert Klempin , Gustav Kratz : Matriculations and registers of the Pomeranian knighthood from the XIV to the XIX century. A. Bath, Berlin 1863 ( full text )
  • Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New general German nobility lexicon . Volume 7, Friedrich Voigt, Leipzig 1867, pp. 5–8 ( full text )
  • Gerlinde Kraus: Christiane Fürstin von der Osten-Sacken. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, p. 43 ff. ( Restricted preview )
  • Leopold von Ledebur : Nobility Lexicon of the Prussian Monarchy . Berlin 1856, Volume 2, pp. 171–172 ( full text )
  • Armin von der Osten called Sacken and Gerhard von der Osten: the origins of the ancient noble, castle-sat, Pomeranian family from the east. Hoefer, Blankenburg 1912.
  • Armin von der Osten called Sacken: marriage alliances of the Pomeranian castles from the east and the Courland family of the barons from the east called Sacken. In: VJH 25, 1897, pp. 135-195, 239-302.
  • Armin von der Osten called Sacken: News about origin, ramifications and coats of arms of those from the East and from the East called Sacken. Mittler, Berlin 1893.
  • Christian von der Osten called Sacken: The will of Dietrich von Sacken on leaning from 1668. In: Yearbook for genealogy, heraldry and sphragistics . Year 1896, pp. 82–87.
  • Martin Sandberger: Family from the East. In: Südwestdeutsche Blätter für Familien- u. Heraldry 20. 1991-1993, pp. 473-475.
  • Hans Wätjen: History of the sex from the east. (on behalf of the family association), 2nd volumes, self-published, Bremen (2nd volume: 1977).
  • Wolf Lüdeke von Weltzien: Those of the East in Mecklenburg from 1303 to 1788. In: Families from Mecklenburg u. Vorpommern 2. 1991, pp. 173-192.
  • Wolf Lüdeke von Weltzien: The counts from the east called Sacken and from Hessenstein on Bellin. In: Families from Mecklenburg a. Vorpommern 3. 1992, pp. 149-150.
  • Johann Heinrich Zedler (Hrsg.): Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts. Volume 25: O. Halle and Leipzig 1740, columns 2205–2257 ( full text. )
  • Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : New Prussian Adelslexicon . Volume 3, Gebrüder Reichenbach, Leipzig 1837, pp. 485-487. ( Full text ).
  • from the east: document concerning the feudal foundation for the good of the castle-seated family from the east. Großgebauer, Celle 1873 digitized

Web links

Commons : East (noble family)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hartwin Spenkuch: The Prussian mansion . Droste-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1998, p. 174 .
  2. ^ Klempin, Kratz: Matriculations and directories of the Pomeranian knighthood. Pp. 49, 104.
  3. ↑ Hamburg Document Book I. No. 434
  4. ↑ Arthur Conrad Förste: The Ministerials of the County of Stade in 1219 and their families. Stade 1975, pp. 20-23.
  5. ↑ a b Otto Grotefend: History of the sex v. The East. Document book 1, Leipzig 1914, pp. 1–3, no. 2, 6–7.
  6. ↑ Wolfgang Fuhrmann: The east castle on the Tollense. Geros-Verlag, Neubrandenburg 2000, ISBN 3-935721-08-0 , p. 6.
  7. ↑ a b Johann Heinrich Zedler et al. (Ed.): Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts. Volume 28, Halle and Leipzig 1741, columns 682–683. ( books.google.de ).
  8. ↑ GHdA . Nobility Lexicon. Volume X, pp. 73-74.
  9. ↑ Kurländisches Haus Фон дер Остен-Сакен ( Memento of the original from July 17, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Russian) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.osten-sacken.h1.ru
  10. ↑ Stephan Malinowski : From the king to the leader. Social decline and political radicalization in the German nobility between the German Empire and the Nazi state. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-05-004070-X , p. 573.
  11. ↑ Genealogical Handbook of the Oesel Knighthood, 1935 p. 251, 1st paragraph
  12. ^ Karl Ludwig August Franz von der Osten . In: Marcelli Janecki , Deutsche Adelsgenossenschaft (Hrsg.): Yearbook of the German nobility . Second volume. WT Bruer's Verlag, Berlin 1898, p. 709 ( dlib.rsl.ru ).
  13. ↑ a b E. David (ed.): Handbook for the Prussian manor house . Berlin 1911, p. 227 ( online ).
  14. ↑ E. David (Ed.): Handbook for the Prussian manor house . Berlin 1911, p. 346 f. ( Online ).
  15. ^ Family history at Schloss-Blumberg.de
  16. ↑ E. Holm: vd East, Adolph Sigfr. In: Carl Frederik Bricka (Ed.): Dansk biografisk Lexikon. Tillige omfattende Norge for Tidsrummet 1537-1814. 1st edition. tape 12 : Münch – Peirup . Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag, Copenhagen 1898, p. 450-456 (Danish, runeberg.org ).
  17. ↑ HW Harbou: vd East, Carl Henrik . In: Carl Frederik Bricka (Ed.): Dansk biografisk Lexikon. Tillige omfattende Norge for Tidsrummet 1537-1814. 1st edition. tape 12 : Münch – Peirup . Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag, Copenhagen 1898, p. 457-458 (Danish, runeberg.org ).
  18. ↑ HW Harbou: vd East, Christian Georg . In: Carl Frederik Bricka (Ed.): Dansk biografisk Lexikon. Tillige omfattende Norge for Tidsrummet 1537-1814. 1st edition. tape 12 : Münch – Peirup . Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag, Copenhagen 1898, p. 458-459 (Danish, runeberg.org ).
  19. ↑ CO Munthe: vd East, Johan Vibe . In: Carl Frederik Bricka (Ed.): Dansk biografisk Lexikon. Tillige omfattende Norge for Tidsrummet 1537-1814. 1st edition. tape 12 : Münch – Peirup . Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag, Copenhagen 1898, p. 461-462 (Danish, runeberg.org ).
  20. ↑ Louis Bobe : vd Osten, Peter Christoph . In: Carl Frederik Bricka (Ed.): Dansk biografisk Lexikon. Tillige omfattende Norge for Tidsrummet 1537-1814. 1st edition. tape 12 : Münch – Peirup . Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag, Copenhagen 1898, p. 462 (Danish, runeberg.org ).