Schönbrunn Castle (Bad Staffelstein)

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Schönbrunn Castle
Creation time : 12./13. Century, first mentioned in 1262
Castle type : Niederungsburg, moth
Conservation status: Castle stable, tower hill with rampart and moat preserved
Standing position : Noble Free
Place: Bad Staffelstein - Schönbrunn
Geographical location 50 ° 7 '10.6 "  N , 11 ° 0' 12.3"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 7 '10.6 "  N , 11 ° 0' 12.3"  E
Height: 256  m above sea level NN
Schönbrunn Castle (Bavaria)
Schönbrunn Castle

The Outbound Castle Schönbrunn is only as Tower Hill, the residue of a motte (moth) is obtained and is in the Mainaue about 500 meters northwest of the village of the same Palace , a local part of Bad Staffelstein in Upper Franconia district of Lichtenfels in Bavaria .

Little information is known about this Niederungsburg , it is roughly dated as medieval, and was probably built during the High Middle Ages in the 12th or 13th century. Only the northern part of the tower hill with rampart and moat has survived from the castle, the rest has been almost completely leveled through agricultural use. The site is protected as a ground monument number D-4-5832-0103: Medieval tower hill .

history

Schönbrunn Castle was the ancestral seat of the noble family of the Lords of Schönbrunn, which was first mentioned in 1125 with Pabo de Sconebrunnuon . This Pabo can still be documented in 1149. The noble gentlemen of Schönbrunn originally came from Remda , Thuringia , and came from the local, likewise noble de Remide family. These came to property in Schönbrunn, where they built a castle and then named themselves after it. According to Erich Freiherr von Guttenberg , the noble family of the Lords of Giech should descend from the Lords of Schönbrunn .

The only known documentary mention of Schönbrunn Castle was on February 18, 1262, when Cunemund de Sunberg ( Sonneberg ) donated his goods in Schönbrunn, which he had previously bought as a freelance from Arnold von Schönbrunn, to Langheim Monastery . A member of the monastery sat on the "Bürglein" on May 13, 1285 and on February 23, 1301 members of the monastery were named with "Lupoldus et Gundelohus fratres dicti de Schonbrunn". Shortly afterwards, the castle was probably given up, as no lords of Schönbrunn are mentioned in Urbar A from 1323/28 of the Bamberg diocese.

description

The castle site is located in the approximately 500 meters wide and relatively flat Main floodplain, almost directly on the Schönbrunner Wasser, a stream that rises in Schönbrunn. Today it is almost completely destroyed by agricultural use in its southern half, and consists of a formerly almost circular tower hill with the dimensions of 33 by 37 meters and a surrounding ditch with an outer wall. The ditch is about 1.2 meters deep and four meters wide up to the hill plateau, the wall is seven meters wide and only half a meter high. The trench was probably filled with water by the stream flowing past. During an investigation in 1955, a stone packing was discovered on the tower hill, which could possibly have been the foundation of a wooden residential tower . A bailey cannot be made out with certainty, but it could have been in the agricultural area, where ceramic fragments and game stones were found. The dating of the pottery goes back to the 10th century and could point to a higher age of the castle. The found game pieces probably belonged to a Tric Trac game and consisted of four disc-shaped and one cylindrical, pierced stone. It is not exactly known whether they can be attributed to the Middle Ages; based on the composition of their material, they could have been created much later.

literature

  • Ingrid Burger-Segl: Archaeological Forays in Meranierland am Obermain - A guide to archaeological and monuments of the early and high Middle Ages . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. District of Upper Franconia, Bayreuth 2006, ISBN 3-9804971-7-8 , pp. 93-96.
  • Hellmut Kunstmann : Castles in Upper Franconia, ownership, building history and fates. Part 2: The castles of the noble families in the Obermaing area . Verlag EC Baumann, Kulmbach 1955, pp. 15-17.
  • Klaus Schwarz: The prehistoric and early historical monuments in Upper Franconia . (Material booklets on Bavarian prehistory, series B, volume 5). Verlag Michael Lassleben, Kallmünz 1955, p. 158.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation
  2. ↑ Ingrid Burger-Segl: Archaeological Forays in Meranierland am Obermain - A Guide to Archaeological and Monuments of the Early and High Middle Ages , p. 94
  3. ↑ List of monuments for Bad Staffelstein (PDF) at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation (PDF; 201 kB)
  4. ^ Hellmut Kunstmann: Castles in Upper Franconia, ownership, building history and fates. Part 2: The castles of the noble families in the Obermaing area , p. 17 and, after him, Ingrid Burger-Segl: Archaeological expeditions in Meranierland am Obermain - A guide to archaeological monuments and monuments of the early and high Middle Ages , p. 95
  5. ^ Source history: Hellmut Kunstmann: Castles in Upper Franconia, ownership, building history and fates. Part 2: The castles of the noble families in the Obermaing area , p. 16 f. and Ingrid Burger-Segl: Archaeological Forays in Meranierland am Obermain - A Guide to Archaeological and Monuments of the Early and High Middle Ages , p. 94 f.
  6. ↑ Location of the tower hill in the Bavaria Atlas
  7. ↑ Source description: Ingrid Burger-Segl: Archäologische Streifzüge im Meranierland am Obermain - A guide to archaeological and monuments of the early and high Middle Ages , p. 95 and Klaus Schwarz: The prehistoric and early historical terrain monuments of Upper Franconia , p. 154