Schöneck Castle (Vogtland)
| Schöneck Castle | ||
|---|---|---|
 View of the Alte Söll, on which the castle complex was located until 1765 |
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| Alternative name (s): | Alter Söll, Schoenegge | |
| Creation time : | from 1180, 1225 first mention of the owner | |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg, summit location (main castle) and ridge location (lower castle) | |
| Conservation status: | Burgstall | |
| Standing position : | briefly noble administrative court (ancestral castle), later royal fiefdom, district castle | |
| Place: | Schöneck / Vogtl. | |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 23 '29.4 " N , 12 ° 19' 45.3" E | |
| Height: | 734 m above sea level NN | |
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The castle Schöneck is an Outbound in the high middle ages , founded hilltop castle of the gentry in the town of Schöneck in Vogtland in the Free State of Saxony .
location
The castle was built from around 1180 on the mountain spur of the 734 m high Altes Söll , a gray quartzite rock , right in today's center of the town of Schöneck. Parts of the castle were also located on the adjacent ridge.
History of the castle
1180-1400
The probable settlement - the beginnings of the place and the castle - is put between 1180 and 1200. Albertus de Schoenegge was first mentioned in writing in 1225 as the owner of the castle and place. It cannot have remained the owner for long, because as early as 1327, Vogt Heinrich the Elder of Plauen gave his rule to King John of Bohemia as a fief . In addition to other localities, Schöneck is part of the crown of Bohemia .
Almost fifty years later, in 1370, Charles IV made Schöneck a town and gave it the same rights as the town of Elbogen in Bohemia. Evidence that the Schönecker Thosse owned the castle is dated from the same year , because it is reported that one of his five sons received the place Schilbach (today part of Schöneck) and built the manor Schilbach there. In 1397 King Wenzel IV appointed Count Günter von Schwarzburg as bailiff of the palaces and towns of Schöneck, Mylau , Stollberg and Schönbach .
15th century
From 1422 King Sigismund pledged the castles Schöneck, Mylau, Stollberg, Gattendorf and Sparnberg with all their affiliations for 90,000 guilders to the Wettins . The castle and the area change from Bohemia to Saxony. The freedoms and rights of Schöneck will not be touched now or in the future and will be confirmed again and again.
In 1430, Elector Friedrich and Duke Sigismund of Saxony pledged the castle, office and the Bailiwick of Schöneck and Schönbach for 1,500 guilders to the von Wolffersdorff brothers .
Only seven years later, in 1437, the first bourgeois Chancellor of the Holy Roman Empire, Kaspar Schlick , Burgrave of Eger and Elbogen (today Loket), received Schöneck Castle for the pledge of 3000 guilders that he paid to Emperor Sigismund for the Wettins all accessories. The whole thing initially as a pledge, it is later awarded to him as a right inheritance and fief. In 1466 his successors received the castle and accessories as a loan from the Saxon electors. The descendant Wenzel (Wenzlaw) Schlick , mentioned again in 1487, sells Schöneck Castle "with all its affiliations" in 1499 to Hans von Scheuben from Eger. There are purchase disputes because Schlick has sold the castle to two interested parties.
From 1500
35 years later (1534), the guardians of Adams von Scheuben sold the Schöneck estate, consisting of the castle, estate and town, probably to Johann von Sachsen , Albertine line, for their ward . This is not in accordance with the information board and the city information, according to which the sale went to the Ernestine line , namely to Elector Johann . But he died in 1532.
During the Schmalkaldic War in 1546, the city and castle were captured and devastated by imperial troops. Three years later, the Bohemian King Ferdinand sold his chancellor Heinrich von Plauen in gratitude for the services rendered in the Schmalkaldic War and the like. a. Castle and town of Schöneck. In 1559 Heinrich von Plauen pledged the offices of Plauen , Voigtsberg and Pausa (to which the town and castle Schöneck belong) to the Elector August of Saxony for 60,000 guilders. In 1563 the pledge was extended, this time to the Albertine line . The elector later assumes full responsibility. However, the deposit is never redeemed. Schöneck now belongs to Saxony again.
The painful pledging and the constant change of rule have ruined the castle. In 1580 parts of the lower castle were demolished. For this purpose an electoral hunting lodge is being built .
In the Thirty Years War , the castle and town are hit hard. In 1632 the troops under General Heinrich von Holk plundered the city, destroyed the castle complex and burned the place down.
More than 100 years later, in the Seven Years' War , the Austrian military was quartered in Schöneck in 1761. The negligence of the soldiers caused a fire that destroyed large parts of the city and also affected the remains of the castle. Four years later, the last remains of the castle, the old keep , are demolished. The stones will be used to rebuild the city.
During excavations carried out by archaeologists from the Zwickau Municipal Museum between 1985 and 1986 at what is now the Alter Söll natural monument , the foundations of the mountain building and potsherds from the 13th and 14th centuries were uncovered. These are exhibited in the town's local history museum.
Todays use
During work on the castle rock, the walls of the former complex could be exposed and preserved, otherwise nothing is left of the former fortification. The rock spur in the middle of the city provides a magnificent view over the hills and mountain landscapes of the Vogtland into the Ore Mountains , recognizes the Elster Mountains , the Fichtel Mountains and the Thuringian Forest . About 2000 square kilometers can be seen when visibility is good.
The Schönecker Heimatmuseum provides information about the city's history. Valuable archaeological finds from the castle can also be seen.
At the foot of the Alter Söll rock there is the castle adventure playground "Burg Schöneck" for the little visitors to the city.
description
Little is known about the castle and its structure. A drawing from 1628 by the chief architect Wilhelm Dilich shows the large, centrally located, towering castle keep , as well as a defensive tower on the castle wall towards the old town hall and the church of St. Georg and a main house between them. According to the sources, the complex was divided into an upper castle (the mountain spur) and a lower castle (mountain ridge).
literature
- Jörg Fischer: Schöneck Castle and the legend of the Schöneckere . In: Messages from the Altertumsverein zu Plauen . 51st Annual 2001. pp. 73-83.
- O. Liesche: On the history of the city of Schöneck (continued) . In: Wochenblatt for Schöneck . 1902. No. 106, 109, 112.
- Günter Zill: The former castle rule Schöneck . Plauen 1999.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Website Rittergut Schilbach Chronicle of the Rittergut
- ↑ Regest 12064 in Regesta Imperia - Regest 12064
- ^ " Mathes and Wentzel Schlick , cousins, gentlemen of Weißkirchen, had received the Schöneck Castle, including its part of Gesamtlehen, from Ghurfiirst Ernst and Duke Albrecht of Saxony on March 23, 1466"; see. von Raab, Regesten I, No. 744, p. 170. from: Leipziger Schöffensspruchsammlung Vol. 1, Research Institute for Legal History Leipzig, Ed. jur. Guido Kisch, Vlg. S. Hirzel, Leipzig
- ↑ Erich Wild: History of Markneukirchen: City and Parish, in: Supplement to the 34th annual publication of the Association for Vogtland History and Archeology, Vogtländischer Heimatverlag Franz Neupert GmbH, 1925. Quoted from it: “1487, October 3. Wenzlaw Schlick, Burggraf zu Eger etc. and Friedrich von Reitzenstein, captain of Vogtsberg and Plauen, mediate the disputes that arose between the citizens of Schöneck and those of Wohlbach over the watch at St. Peter on the Kottenheide. D. Newnkirchen on Mitboch to Michaelis. Depressed Marbach, Schöneck II, 37.97a . Ibid p. 450 ". The comment: In contrast to the following known history, the Schlicks are indirectly mentioned as owners until 1542 (border disputes with neighboring towns). Ibid p. 465
- ^ Zill, Günter: The former castle rule Schöneck, 1999; P. 147; Beier & Beran publishing house , 183 pages
- ↑ On the board in front of the natural monument is the year 1761?
- ↑ Chronicle on the city's homepage Much data is taken from there (as of August 9, 2020)
- ^ Christiane Hemker: Archeology in the air . State Office for Archeology of Saxony. November 14, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2019.