UN Climate Change Conference 2019

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UN Climate Change Conference 2019
COP25Madrid.jpg
plenumTemplate: Infobox / maintenance / picture

place Madrid , SpainSpainSpain 
date 2nd-15th December 2019
Members of the UNFCCC

The UN Climate Change Conference 2019 ( English United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 25th Conference of the Parties , shortly COP 25 ; after the scheduled conference city initially, Santiago Climate Change Conference ) was the 25th UN Climate Change Conference . It took place from December 2nd to 15th, 2019 in the Spanish capital Madrid . At the same time it was the 15th meeting on the Kyoto Protocol (English 15th Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 , shortly CMP 15 ) and the fourth meeting of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement ( CMA 2).

The UN Climate Change Conference in 2019 was the follow-up conference of the COP 24 , from 2 to December 15, 2018 in Katowice in Poland , the follow-up meeting COP 26 in late November 2020, the Scottish Glasgow take place.

Host

First preparations in Santiago de Chile in August 2019
Ed Hawkins ' " Warming Stripes " on a UNFCCC cube

Originally for South America is incurred as hosts Brazil withdrew its offer for hosting the conference, at the urging of the designated president Jair Bolsonaro , before the start of COP 24 back - officially "because of financial constraints and the upcoming change of government." Instead, the President of Chile invited Sebastián Piñera and his Environment Minister Carolina Schmidt towards the end of COP 24 for December 2019 or January 2020 in the capital Santiago de Chile .

On October 30th, Piñera canceled the conference in his country at short notice, justifying this with the protests against the government . Instead of Santiago de Chile, the Spanish capital Madrid was commissioned with the organization at the beginning of November 2019. The appointment was kept. The political leadership of the conference also remained with the Chilean government, namely with Environment Minister Carolina Schmidt .

Guiding principle

The conference carried the motto and the corresponding hashtag “TiempoDeActuar” or “TimeForAction” (“[It is] time to act”).

subjects

The key issue for the signatory states to the Paris Agreement was the completion of the supplementary set of rules. Most of the rules were agreed during COP 24 / CMA 1-3 in Katowice, but rules on Article 6 of the Paris Agreement were excluded there. This article provides several cooperative mechanisms for emission reductions:

  1. States can bilaterally transfer emission reductions (Article 6 (2)), a state that over-fulfills its commitments can sell the additional emission reductions to other states, which can have these offset against their reduction targets,
  2. international emissions trading with public and private participants (Article 6 (4)), also known as Sustainable Development Mechanism ( SDM ), based on its predecessor, the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol,
  3. non-market based mechanisms (Article 6 (8)).

The market-based mechanisms are intended to provide the participating countries with an incentive to finance emission reductions in other countries, where this can be done more cheaply. From the cost higher climate ambitions and thus higher reduction contributions (one expects Nationally Determined Contributions , NDC) of member countries in the following years. The agreement of rules for the controversial Article 6 is a prerequisite for the contracting states to be able to commit new NDCs in 2020 as planned.

Shortly after the end of the conference, the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol , which had not entered into force by the end of November 2019, because the minimum number of ratifications had not yet been reached, ends .

course

Climate academy in Madrid on December 6th
Nancy Pelosi speaking at the climate conference

On the weekend before the start of the conference, the 4th Global Climate Strike took place.

Nancy Pelosi , spokeswoman for the United States House of Representatives and head of the US delegation, reaffirmed the US's ongoing commitment to climate protection in the first week of negotiations. In the Germanwatch Climate Risk Index for 2018 presented at the conference , Germany moved up to third place after Japan (storms , Typhoon Jebi) and the Philippines (Typhoon) in the long-term index for the years because of the extreme weather ( drought ) From 1999 to 2018 Puerto Rico, Myanmar and Haiti were among the countries most severely affected by storms, floods and drought.

At the end of the first week of the conference, climate activist Greta Thunberg, together with many thousands of fellow demonstrators of the climate protection movement, called on the conference participants to achieve tangible results and more decisive measures at a demonstration on Friday in Madrid . Different information was given about the number of participants: While the organizers and Thunberg himself spoke of 500,000 participants, the police only gave their number as 15,000. In the Spanish media there was talk of a "war of numbers", the newspaper El País estimated the number of participants at between 25,000 and 35,000. Malte Kreutzfeldt commented in the taz : "The movement is doing itself no favors with such unrealistic numbers."

From Monday, the second week of the conference was discussed at ministerial level, 850 organizations held parallel to COP25 an alternative climate summit, a " social summit for the climate ."

The conference took place in the halls of the "IFEMA" trade fair near the airport. The Spanish Ministry of the Environment reckoned with almost 25,000 participants; As a precaution, 5,000 rooms in hotels of various categories have been reserved for them. The incumbent Environment Minister Ribera estimated the cost of the event at around 50 million euros.

During the negotiations, participants in the conference criticized that they did not do justice to the urgency of the climate crisis . Thus commented Johan Rockström , director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research : "We are in danger of losing ourselves in these negotiations so in small-scale detailed questions that we forget to see the forest instead of the trees. There is a risk of disappointment in the UN process because of the inability to recognize that there is an emergency here . "

The result of the COP25 was described in the media as a minimum compromise and sharply criticized by nature, environmental and climate protection organizations. As a result, the conference was also referred to as a zero round by the media.

See also

Portal: Climate Change  - An overview of the topic can be found in the Wikipedia portal Climate Change

Web links

Commons : UN Climate Change Conference 2019  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ IISD's SDG Knowledge Hub: Event: Santiago Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC COP 25) | SDG Knowledge Hub | IISD. Retrieved April 6, 2019 (American English).
  2. ↑ Covid-19 - Petersberg Climate Dialogue to be conducted digitally due to the coronavirus. Retrieved on March 29, 2020 (German).
  3. ↑ Climate Conference 2019 - Brazil withdraws host offer. In: Deutschlandfunk. Retrieved November 30, 2018 .
  4. ↑ Waiting for the agreement in Katowice. Agence France Presse (afp), December 15, 2018.
  5. ↑ Unrest prevents World Climate Conference in December. In: Der Tagesspiegel. Retrieved October 30, 2019 .
  6. ↑ Reiner Wandler: Climate conference comes to Madrid. In: The daily newspaper. Retrieved November 1, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Homepage COP25. Retrieved November 25, 2019 .
  8. ↑ Homepage COP25. Retrieved December 3, 2019 .
  9. ↑ COP25 - Sitio Oficial. Retrieved November 9, 2019 .
  10. ↑ a b In-depth Q&A: How 'Article 6' carbon markets could 'make or break' the Paris Agreement. In: CarbonBrief. November 29, 2019, accessed December 1, 2019 .
  11. ↑ Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (Ed.): Reflections note by the Chair of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice . November 11, 2019, Agenda item 12: Matters relating to Article 6 of the Paris Agreement ( unfccc.int [PDF; 301 kB ]).
  12. ↑ Extreme weather becomes normal: Secretary General sees the lives of billions in danger , focus.de , December 6, 2019.
  13. ↑ “Greta, Greta!” Shouted the people when Thunberg took the floor , Die Welt, December 6, 2019.
  14. ↑ Dispute over the number of participants at the Klimademo Madrid: "War of Numbers" , Spiegel Online, December 7, 2019.
  15. ^ Hans-Christian Rößler: Klimademo in Madrid: 500,000 demonstrators - or 15,000? , Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, December 7, 2019.
  16. ↑ Malte Kreutzfeldt: Climate Protests in Madrid: Big, Bigger, Implausible , taz, December 14, 2019.
  17. ↑ UN climate summit: tens of thousands demonstrate in Madrid for more climate protection , Frankfurter Rundschau, December 7, 2019.
  18. ↑ Jakob Mayr: Climate Conference in Madrid - What will the second week bring? , Tagesschau, December 8, 2019.
  19. ↑ Information for COP 25 participants (AZ) | UNFCCC. Retrieved December 7, 2019 .
  20. ↑ Ávoris gestionará las reservas hoteleras de la Cumbre del Clima | Noticias de Hoteles | Revista de turismo Preferente.com. In: Preferente.com. November 12, 2019, accessed December 7, 2019 .
  21. ↑ EFE: El coste de la Cumbre del Clima sera de 50 millones y los "retornos" unos 200. November 27, 2019, accessed on December 7, 2019 (Spanish).
  22. ↑ Fiona Harvey: UN climate talks failing to address urgency of crisis, says top scientist. December 8, 2019, accessed December 9, 2019 . In the English original: “We are at risk of getting so bogged down in incremental technicalities at these negotiations that we forget to see the forest for the trees. There is a risk of disappointment in the UN process because of the inability to recognize that there is an emergency. "
  23. ↑ UN climate summit in Madrid ends with a minimum compromise. In: t-online.de. December 15, 2019, accessed December 16, 2019 .
  24. ↑ Sylvia Ratzlaff: Review of the COP25: crash landing in Madrid - what happens after the false start into the 2020 climate year? In: Wissenschaft.de ( natur.de ). December 16, 2019, accessed December 16, 2019 .
  25. ↑ After a clear round in Madrid - WWF is "shocked". In: srf.ch . December 16, 2019, accessed December 16, 2019 .