UN Climate Change Conference in Lima 2014

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UN Climate Change Conference 2014
COP20 Lima inauguration Reinel 1 Dec 2014.jpg Template: Infobox / maintenance / picture

place Lima , PeruPeruPeru 
date 1st - 14th December 2014
Attendees Members of the UNFCCC
Website Profile on unfccc.int

The 2014 United Nations Climate Change Conference ( English United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 20th Conference of the Parties , shortly COP 20 ) was held as the 20th UN Climate Change Conference , while the tenth meeting on the Kyoto Protocol ( english 10th Meeting of the Parties to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol , CMP 10 for short ) took place from December 1 to 14, 2014 in Lima , Peru .

The UNFCCC Secretary General Christiana Figueres and the Peruvian Environment Minister Manuel Pulgar-Vidal chaired the meeting .

The main purpose of the negotiations in Lima was to prepare the new international climate protection agreement, which was adopted in 2015 at the 21st UN Climate Change Conference in Paris ( Paris Agreement ).

Events leading up to the conference

UN working group on the Kyoto Protocol

The Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP) founded at the UN Climate Change Conference in Durban - whose task is to develop a follow-up protocol for the Kyoto Protocol, which will expire in 2020 - met in March, June and October 2014 in Bonn . At the COP20 conference in Lima, a draft for a negotiating text should be presented and discussed, which should then be completed by 2015 at the latest (see post-Kyoto process ).

Climate goals

On July 14, 2014, at the fifth Petersberg Climate Dialogue in Berlin, Federal Chancellor Angela Merkel reaffirmed the climate protection targets set in 2010. Among other things, greenhouse gas emissions in Germany are to be reduced by 40 percent by 2020 compared to 1990. By 2025, the share of renewable energies in German electricity generation should increase to 40 to 45 percent, and by 2035 to 55 to 60 percent.

On October 23, 2014, at a summit meeting in Brussels, the EU states agreed climate targets for 2030. After lengthy discussions, the member states agreed that greenhouse gas emissions should be reduced by 40 percent by 2030 (compared to 1990 levels). The share of renewable energies should increase to at least 27 percent. In addition, savings in energy consumption of at least 27 percent were announced. Poland and Great Britain in particular had spoken out against what was originally a more ambitious target for energy efficiency.

On November 12, 2014, on the sidelines of the APEC summit in Beijing, the USA and the People's Republic of China jointly announced their climate goals after months of negotiations. China wants to reach the peak of carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 at the latest and by then increase the share of renewable energies to around 20 percent. The US plans to reduce its emissions by 26 to 28 percent below the 2005 level by 2025 at the latest. This agreement was considered to be an important prerequisite for the successful conclusion of the post-Kyoto Protocol, as China and the USA together were responsible for around 40 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. However, the goals were also often criticized as not being too ambitious, as forecasts indicate that they will not be sufficient to achieve the two-degree target .

Green Climate Fund

The Green Climate Fund is one in 2010 in the framework of UNFCCC United Nations erected Relief Fund to support mitigation and -anpassungprojekten in developing countries. The participation of as many countries as possible in the Green Climate Fund is seen as a “decisive milestone” for the success of the negotiations in Lima. Developing countries had said that they would not be able to sign emission savings agreements without the Climate Fund. At the UN Climate Change Conference in Cancun in 2010, the industrialized countries planned that the fund would provide 100 billion US dollars a year with their support from 2020. The UN had set itself the informal goal of raising ten billion US dollars by the time the COP20 conference in Lima took place. Developing countries had asked for 15 billion.

As of the beginning of November 2014, only ten countries (including two developing countries) had agreed to contribute a total of 2.8 billion US dollars. Among other things, Chancellor Angela Merkel announced on July 14, 2014 that Germany wanted to bring in 750 million euros. French President François Hollande pledged one billion US dollars (780 million euros) at the UN climate summit in New York on September 23.

US President Barack Obama made a $ 3 billion pledge at the G20 summit in Brisbane on November 15, 2014 . Japan pledged 1.5 billion.

At a conference on the Green Climate Fund on November 20, 2014 in Berlin, Great Britain announced a grant of 1.2 billion US dollars. Further commitments came from Panama , Finland , New Zealand , Mongolia and Spain . Even Canada , which had declared itself against the Green Climate Fund until then, announced a support in the amount of 265 million US dollars. Australia continued to refuse to participate.

By the end of November 2014, a total of 22 countries had committed US $ 9.7 billion. The representatives of the united developing countries G77 criticized that the previous commitments were far from sufficient.

Others

On September 17, 2014, the German Advisory Council on Global Change published the special report on climate protection as a global citizenship movement .

On September 23, 2014, on the initiative of UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, a climate summit took place in New York, which served, among other things, to prepare for the UN climate conferences in Lima in 2014 and Paris in 2015.

On November 2, 2014, the synthesis report of the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change was presented in Copenhagen.

On November 5, 2014, the Environment Committee of the European Parliament voted on a non-binding resolution in preparation for COP 20.

On November 11, 2014, the Federal Environment Ministry started an information campaign on climate protection under the direction of Barbara Hendricks .

On November 19, 2014, the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) published its fifth Emissions Gap Report . This is particularly concerned with how the two-degree target can be met after 2020, based on the IPCC's fifth assessment report .

On November 23, 2014, the World Bank published the report Turn down the heat 3: Confronting the New Climate Normal , prepared by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research under the direction of Hans Joachim Schellnhuber , which primarily addresses the consequences of climate change for developing countries .

Events during the conference

The COP 20 conference was opened on December 1, 2014. Speakers at the opening ceremony were Marcin Korolec (President of the COP 19 Conference in Warsaw), Manuel Pulgar-Vidal (COP 20 President), Christiana Figueres (Secretary General of the UNFCCC), Susana Villarán de la Puente (Mayor of Lima), Ollanta Humala ( President of Peru), and Rajendra Kumar Pachauri (Chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ).

On December 3, the German government passed the Climate Action Program 2020 . According to Federal Environment Minister Barbara Hendricks, it is the "most extensive package of measures that a federal government has ever presented on climate protection". Without these additional measures, Germany would probably miss its target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 40% by 2020 by 5 to 8 percentage points. A total of between 62 and 78 million tons of greenhouse gases should be saved by 2020. Among other things, a reduction of 25 to 30 million tons of greenhouse gases is to be achieved through better energy efficiency in buildings; the National Action Plan on Energy Efficiency (NAPE) was adopted on the same day . A further 22 million tons of greenhouse gases are to be saved in fossil fuel power plants, ten million in traffic and up to 3.6 million through stricter fertilizer regulations.

On December 5, the United Nations Environment Program presented its first Adaptation Gap Report in Lima , a report on gaps in the financing of climate adaptation measures. Accordingly, the adjustment costs, especially for developing countries, are expected to be two to three times higher than previously assumed. According to the latest calculations, annual costs of 150 billion US dollars for the period 2025 to 2030 and costs of 250–4500 billion US dollars for the year 2050 are expected.

In the second week, the participating states discussed, among other things, the draft of the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action for the new climate protection protocol, which should be adopted in 2015.

In Lima, German Development Minister Gerd Müller criticized the US and China's climate protection plans as inadequate.

On December 9th, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon opened the high-level segment , in which over 100 ministers and various heads of state took part. Ban Ki-moon pointed out that there was still a chance of reaching the two-degree target , but that the window of opportunity was closing very soon. Referring to the Inca calendar, he commented that the “Calendar of Science” loudly warns us that we have run out of time (“The calendar of science loudly warns us that we are running out of time”).

On December 11th, Pope Francis delivered a message to the climate summit in Lima, in which he spoke of a “clear, final and undelayable ethical imperative” to do something about climate change and its threatening consequences before it was too late.

Since no agreement could be reached on various points by the official end of the conference on December 12th, the conference was extended by one day. There was disagreement, among other things, regarding the comparability of the different climate protection plans of the states, the disclosure of the respective savings potentials in greenhouse gas emissions and the international control of the implementation of the climate targets. It was also discussed whether there should be different requirements for industrialized , emerging and developing countries . Emerging countries like China or India argued that only the industrialized countries had to make binding commitments. The USA and the European Union, on the other hand, also wanted to involve emerging countries such as China, India and Brazil more in reducing emissions and in supporting poorer countries. Countries like Saudi Arabia , Venezuela , Mexico , Malaysia or Jordan are no longer to be regarded as impoverished developing countries. Smaller island states pleaded that the interests of states that are already suffering from climate change should be given greater consideration.

The German Environment Minister Barbara Hendricks left the conference early on December 12th, and State Secretary Jochen Flasbarth took over the further negotiations .

criticism

Activists and environmental organizations such as BUND , Germanwatch and WWF criticized the results of the conference. The climate targets were softened during the conference. It was particularly criticized that “no effective process” was agreed with which all countries immediately put more climate protection into practice. To prevent warming over two degrees, global emissions would have to peak before 2020. However, the treaty does not provide for specific measures, only voluntary emission targets for the contracting states involved. It was also criticized that no political framework conditions were set that would stop investments in fossil fuels ( divestment ) and ensure greater investment security in climate-friendly renewable energies.

Web links

Commons : UN Climate Change Conference in Lima 2014  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The conference was supposed to end on December 12th and was extended by two days: Suzanne Goldenberg: Lima climate change talks reach global warming agreement. In: The Guardian. December 14, 2014, accessed September 2, 2017 .
  2. ↑ UNFCCC : Lima Climate Change Conference - December 2014 . Retrieved November 7, 2014.
  3. ↑ "We will master the climate negotiations with success" . Interview with Peru's Environment Minister Manuel Pulgar-Vidal. On: Deutsche Welle , October 23, 2014.
  4. ↑ Lima should pave the way for climate agreements. On: Deutsche Welle , November 28, 2014.
  5. ^ UNFCCC: ADP Session Archive . Retrieved November 7, 2014.
  6. ^ UNFCCC: Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP) . Retrieved November 7, 2014.
  7. ↑ Unity of Climate in Europe. In: The daily newspaper . October 24, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2014.
  8. ↑ Triple steps before litmus test in Lima. From: klimaretter.info , October 26, 2014. Accessed November 8, 2014.
  9. ↑ Merkel pledges 750 million euros for global climate protection. On: Zeit Online , July 14, 2014. Accessed November 9, 2014.
  10. ↑ a b Speech by Chancellor Merkel on the occasion of the 5th Petersberg Climate Dialogue on July 14, 2014. On: Bundeskanzlerin.de , July 14, 2014. Accessed on November 9, 2014.
  11. ^ Federal Environment Ministry : The German climate protection policy. ( Memento of November 29, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) As of April 9, 2014. Accessed on November 17, 2014.
  12. ↑ European Commission : Framework for Climate and Energy Policy up to 2030. Accessed on November 20, 2016.
  13. ↑ European Council : Meeting of the European Council (23/24 October 2014): Conclusions on the framework for climate and energy policy up to 2030 ( PDF , accessed on 8 November 2014)
  14. ↑ Climate compromise at EU summit: Europe wants to become a little more environmentally friendly. On: Süddeutsche.de , October 24, 2014. Accessed November 8, 2014.
  15. ↑ Handelsblatt: Struggle for Energy Efficiency of October 21, 2014, accessed on November 10, 2014.
  16. ↑ USA and China agree on new climate targets. On: Zeit Online , November 12, 2014. Accessed November 12, 2014.
  17. ↑ Climate Goals Pledged by China and the US (graphic representation). In: The New York Times . November 12, 2014. Retrieved November 15, 2014.
  18. ↑ Joachim Wille : Leading article on climate goals of the USA and China: A little hope for the climate . In: Frankfurter Rundschau . November 12, 2014. Retrieved November 27, 2014.
  19. ↑ Climate partners USA and China: sinners become winners. On: Süddeutsche.de , November 12, 2014. Accessed November 27, 2014.
  20. ↑ Climate Conference: The Tricks of Climate Politicians. In: The time . November 27, 2014. Retrieved November 27, 2014.
  21. ^ A b Green Climate Fund : Green Climate Fund to Convene High - Level Pledging Conference in Berlin, Germany. ( Memento of November 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Press release, November 7, 2014. Accessed November 9, 2014.
  22. ↑ G20: Obama to pledge up to $ 3bn to help poor countries on climate change. In: The Guardian . November 14, 2014. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
  23. ^ UNFCCC: The Cancun Agreements: Financial, technology and capacity-building support. ( Memento of November 29, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Retrieved November 14, 2014.
  24. ↑ Billions for the climate: Obama is doing it again. On: n-tv.de , November 14, 2014. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
  25. ↑ Obama, in latest climate move, to pledge $ 3 billion for global fund. On: Reuters .com , November 14, 2014. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
  26. ↑ Lenore Taylor: G20: Australia resists international call supporting climate change fund. In: The Guardian . November 7, 2014. Retrieved November 9, 2014.
  27. ↑ France gives one billion US dollars for UN climate funds. ( Memento of November 14, 2014 in the web archive archive.today ) On: Zeit Online , September 23, 2014. Accessed November 14, 2014.
  28. ↑ Barack Obama tells G20 a global climate change deal is possible and vital. In: The Guardian. November 16, 2014. Retrieved November 17, 2014.
  29. ↑ G20: Japan pledges $ 1.5bn to climate change fund after trilateral meeting. In: The Guardian. November 16, 2014. Retrieved November 17, 2014.
  30. ↑ a b Money for poor countries: UN climate fund starts with financial gap. On: Spiegel Online , November 20, 2014. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
  31. ↑ Canada pledges $ 265m to Green Climate Fund . In: The Guardian. November 21, 2014. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
  32. ↑ Canada breaks with Australia to contribute to the Green Climate Fund . In: The Guardian. November 17, 2014. Retrieved November 17, 2014.
  33. ↑ Green Climate Fund: Spain Announces Contribution to Green Climate Fund Total pledges rise up to US $ 9.7 billion. ( Memento of November 30, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Press release of November 28, 2014. Retrieved on December 2, 2014.
  34. ^ UNFCCC: Report of the Green Climate Fund to the Conference of the Parties. November 30, 2014 ( PDF , accessed December 2, 2014).
  35. ^ UN climate conference in Peru: The great bargaining begins. On: Deutsche Welle , December 1, 2014. Accessed December 2, 2014.
  36. ↑ WBGU: Climate Protection as a Global Citizens Movement ( Memento from December 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ). Press release of September 17, 2014. Accessed November 29, 2014.
  37. ↑ European Parliament : This week in the EP: Ebola, World Climate Report & 25 Years since the Fall of the Wall . Press release of November 3, 2014. Accessed November 7, 2014.
  38. ↑ European Parliament: Resolution B8-0000 / 2014 European Parliament resolution on the Conference on Climate Change in Lima, Peru (COP 20) ( PDF , accessed on November 7, 2014)
  39. ↑ Federal Environment Ministry : "Together, it's climate protection": Hendricks starts new BMUB campaign. Press release, November 11, 2014. Accessed November 17, 2014.
  40. ↑ UNEP : The Emissions Gap Report 2014 ( PDF , accessed on November 22, 2014).
  41. ^ Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research : “Face the new normal”: World Bank publishes PIK climate report . Press release, November 23, 2014. Accessed November 27, 2014.
  42. ↑ World Bank warns: Sea level rise unstoppable . On: FAZ.net , November 24, 2014. Retrieved November 27, 2014.
  43. ^ UNFCCC: Opening Ceremony, Lima, Peru 01 December 2014 . Video recording of the opening ceremony. Retrieved December 7, 2014.
  44. ↑ UNFCCC: Opening statements made at COP 20 / CMP 10. Texts of the opening speeches. Retrieved December 7, 2014.
  45. ↑ UNFCCC: Lima COP Kicks off with Inspiring Calls to Action. ( Memento of December 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) December 1, 2014. Accessed December 7, 2014.
  46. ↑ The Federal Government: Cabinet adopts action program: Climate protection target achievable by 2020. December 3, 2014. Retrieved December 7, 2014.
  47. ↑ CO2 reduction: Federal cabinet approves climate package. On: Spiegel Online , December 3, 2014. Accessed December 7, 2014.
  48. ↑ Climate protection: Government relies on thermal insulation. On: Zeit Online , December 3, 2014. Accessed December 7, 2014.
  49. ^ UNEP: Even With Emissions Cuts, Climate Change Adaptation Costs Likely to Hit 2-3 Times Current Estimates of $ 70-100 Billion per Year. December 5, 2014. Retrieved December 7, 2014.
  50. ↑ UNFCCC: Looking Ahead to Lima's Second Week ( Memento of April 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ). Report, December 8, 2014. Accessed December 9, 2014.
  51. ↑ UN climate conference in Peru: Minister Müller criticized US and China. On: Spiegel Online , December 9, 2014. Accessed December 9, 2014.
  52. ↑ UNFCCC: High-Level Segment of COP 20 Kicks Off With Messages of Urgency and Hope. ( Memento of December 18, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Report, November 9, 2014. Retrieved November 9, 2014.
  53. ↑ Pope on Climate Change: Act Now! . On: Vatican Radio , December 11, 2014. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  54. ↑ UN climate conference in extension. On: FAZ.net , December 13, 2014. Accessed December 13, 2014.
  55. ↑ UN Climate Change Conference is stuck. On: Süddeutsche.de , December 13, 2014. Accessed December 13, 2014.
  56. ↑ Blockade at UN climate conference: Now it will be expensive. On: Spiegel Online , December 13, 2014. Accessed December 13, 2014.
  57. ↑ Criticism of Hendricks departure: climate summit is on the brink. On: Handelsblatt .com , December 13, 2014. Accessed December 13, 2013.
  58. ↑ Joachim Wille, Nick Reimer: Difficult from Lima to Paris . In: Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger . December 15, 2014, p. 4 .
  59. ↑ Peak of disappointment . In: Berliner Morgenpost . December 15, 2014, p. 3 .
  60. ↑ UN climate summit ends with bitter disappointment. In: wwf.de. WWF Germany, December 14, 2014, accessed April 27, 2016 .
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  62. ↑ Wolfgang Gründinger: The principle of standstill. In: vorwaerts.de. December 15, 2014, accessed April 27, 2016 .