Carl Johann Christian Zimmermann
Carl Johann Christian Zimmermann , known as Hans Zimmermann (born November 8, 1831 in Elbing , today Elbląg , † March 18, 1911 in Wandsbek near Hamburg ) was a German architect and construction officer .
Life
Zimmermann was born as the son of one of the mayors and building councilors of Elbing (not far from Gdansk ). First he studied art history at the University of Königsberg , passed the surveyor's examination and was involved in the construction of the Prussian Eastern Railway (probably on the Bromberg - Thorn section ). From 1854–1856 Zimmermann studied at the Berlin Bauakademie , and in October 1856 he completed his studies with the construction manager examination. He won the Schinkel Prize twice in a row in 1860 and 1861 : in 1860 he made a design for the Polytechnic in Berlin and in 1861 for a drainage system for Friedrichstadt / Berlin. From 1862 he worked for the Ministerial and Building Commission in Berlin , where, among other things, he designed a prison, which later became the women's prison in Barnimstrasse . He then came to Breslau in 1864 , where he was elected to head the city building department in May of that year. As a town planning officer, he initially shared this position with Julius von Roux and, from 1866, with Alexander Kaumann . In Wroclaw Zimmermann was responsible for all public tasks in the city in the areas of building construction, urban planning and pipeline networks in the urban area on the left of the Oder - his colleagues took over the areas on the right of the Oder. His creative phase in Breslau is characterized by both neo-Gothic and neo-renaissance . On January 1, 1872, he resigned from office.
From 1872 to 1908 Zimmermann was Hamburg's construction director , he took over the position that had been vacant since the death of Carl Ludwig Wimmel (1845) and became one of the most influential designers in Hamburg alongside Franz Andreas Meyer . Among other things, he designed the Museum of Arts and Crafts (1873/76), the school in front of the Holstentor (1875), the Fuhlsbüttel Central Prison (1879), the criminal justice building (1879/82 with expansion in 1895/96), the Wilhelm Gymnasium (1883 / 85), the Eppendorf University Clinic (1884/89) and the civil justice building (1898–1903). His preferred style at this time was the Neo-Renaissance. In addition to Franz Andreas Meyer, he was involved in the planning of the Hamburg warehouse district .
Zimmermann was 77 years old when, as head of Hamburg's structural engineering, in 1908, after 36 years of service, he asked for his retirement. He had designed many new major school buildings, as well as administrative and judicial buildings. On his first representative state building in Hamburg, the school and museum building on Steintorplatz, today the Museum of Art and Commerce , he first realized the shape of the four-wing complex. It was the only building for which he had to find a difficult compromise between the school building and the museum building for reasons of economy by the city of Hamburg. The criminal justice building and the civil justice building , also four-wing complex with special challenges and rich architectural decorations, were his largest and at the same time most important Hamburg state buildings.
Fritz Schumacher was appointed as Zimmermann's successor in the office of building director in 1908 , and after a year of preparation he finally took up this office in autumn 1909. Zimmermann had already withdrawn from active design work at the turn of the century and transferred these tasks in particular to Albert Erbe , who joined the Hamburg building construction industry in 1901 and who finally moved to Essen after Schumacher took office in 1911.
Zimmermann died on March 18, 1911 at the age of 80. He was cremated in the old crematorium on Alsterdorfer Strasse and buried in the Ohlsdorf cemetery behind the rose garden (grave location J10, 255-56). The grave has since been lifted.
In 2005/2006, the Architecture Museum in Wroclaw showed an exhibition on Zimmermann's work in Wroclaw: “Architect in the service of the city”. Daria Pikulska wrote the corresponding catalog.
Work (selection)
- 1862–1863: Prison on Barnimstrasse in Berlin , in collaboration with Friedrich Albert Cremer (demolished in 1974)
- 1871–1874: Evangelical Church AB of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Italy in Trieste (plans Zimmermann, executed by Giovanni Andrea Berlam and Giovanni Scalmanini)
In Wroclaw:
- From 1865: Filling of the inner city moat, the so-called Stadt- or Schwarzen Ohle (today's course of the Ost-West-Straße ) and construction of the sewer system in the old town
- From 1865: Salvatorkirche on the Teichäckern , designs from 1865, execution 1871–1876 under the supervision of other architects (neo-Gothic, destroyed during the Second World War)
- 1865: Changes to the project for the water tower at Am Weidendamm ( ulica Na Grobli ), original design by John Moore
- 1865: Rectory of the Elisabeth Church
- 1865: Johannesgymnasium on Paradiesstrasse ( expanded from 1911–1912 by Fritz Behrendt ; now Maria Dąbrowska Comprehensive School for Business and Administration)
- 1865: Construction of the Protestant and Catholic high schools on Nicolai-Stadtgraben (later rebuilt several times, now the XII General Education Lyceum "Bolesław Chrobry" )
- 1866–1868: Reconstruction of Königsplatz (today plac Jana Pawła II - John Paul II's Square ) with dismantling of the Königsbrücke and filling in part of the outer city moat
- 1867: Design of the municipal cemetery I in Breslau-Gräbschen with a chapel, ossuary and gardener's house (today Grabiszyński / Gräbschener Park , buildings destroyed)
- 1869: New construction of the Maria-Magdalenen-Gymnasium on the Schubrücke (destroyed in 1945)
- 1869: Reconstruction and extension of the St. Bernhard Hospital, today's Wroclaw Architecture Museum "Muzeum Architektury we Wrocławiu" (most of these changes were destroyed during the Second World War or later removed.)
- 1870: Elementary school Lehmgrubenstraße 30 ( ulica Gliniana ) (today the Zimmermann'sche Schule forms the north-west wing, as the building was later designed by the city planner Richard Plüddemann [south wing along the street, 1888–90] and by the architect Karl Klimm [gym, 1906–1907] was expanded.)
In Hamburg:
- 1873–1876: Museum of Arts and Crafts (partially destroyed in 1943, rebuilt by 1957)
- 1876–1879: Central prison Fuhlsbüttel , u. a. the gatehouse
- 1875–1876: Oberrealschule am Holstenglacis , with extensions in 1901/1903 (later Albrecht-Thaer-Gymnasium ; today preparatory college for foreign students and evening school in front of the Holsten Gate )
- 1879–1882: Criminal justice building as part of the urban planning of the Justice Forum on Sievekingplatz with three court buildings and drafts for two of the buildings, the civil justice building and the criminal justice building , 1879–1882, exp. 1895–1903 (the third of the planned buildings, the Hanseatic Higher Regional Court , was not built until 1907–1912 according to plans by Lundt & Kallmorgen .)
- 1882–1892: Extension of the town hall (at that time: administration center and seat of the police), towards Neuer Wall with the striking corner tower
- 1883–1885: Wilhelm-Gymnasium , today an old part of the Hamburg State and University Library
- 1887: Extension of the Hamburger Kunsthalle by several corner pavilions and three halls facing south-west
- 1884–1889: Hospital in Eppendorf , large pavilion-like facility, later expanded several times; today university hospital
- 1887–1888: Seilerstraße elementary school
- 1888–1891: General Customs Directorate, Gorch-Fock-Wall 11, partial reconstruction 1946–1948, today tax office for transfer taxes and property
- 1890–1891: Rostocker Straße girls' school
- 1893: Oberaltenallee police station
- 1897–1898: Lehmweg elementary school (since 1984 upper school house of the Jahnschule / Ida-Ehre-Schule )
- 1898–1899: House ABC-Straße 47 (poor house)
- 1898–1903: Civil justice building Justizforum Hamburg
- 1900–1902: Bismarck School
- 1901/1902: Enckeplatz primary school / Holstenwall
- 1901/1902: State vaccination institute Brennerstraße 81
- 1902: Building of the Reichsmarinamt
- 1902–1904 Hegestrasse High School
- 1903–1905: New building for the Johanneum secondary school on Armgartstrasse (Steintorplatz since 1876), now HAW Modecampus
- 1904–1905: Am Schlump tax office
- 1905–1906: Imstedt elementary school (Barmbek)
- 1905: Navigation school in cooperation with Albert Erbe (today wing at the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency )
- Chapel 6 at the Ohlsdorf cemetery
Water tower Am Weidendamm in Breslau (1865)
Elementary school at Lehmgrubenstrasse 30 in Breslau (1870)
Ev. Church in Trieste / Italy (1871–1874)
Museum of Arts and Crafts in Hamburg (1873–1876), former school entrance
Old main building of the Wilhelm Gymnasium (1883-1885), now the SUB Hamburg duly
University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (1884–1889)
Former Elementary school Seilerstraße (1887–1888)
Zimmermann's style - using the example of three similarly structured Hamburg state buildings from the years 1873 - 1879 - 1898:
School building with museum (MKG) on Steintorplatz (1873–1875), ground floor plan
Photo: original condition
today's condition with a modified facade
Criminal justice building at the Justizforum (1879-82, adults 1895-1903), ground floor plan
Photo: original condition
Today's condition with the architectural jewelry preserved
.JPG)
Civil justice building at the Justice Forum (1878–1903), ground floor plan
Photo: original condition
Today's condition with the architectural jewelry preserved
.JPG)
literature
- Zimmermann, Carl Johann Christian . In: Franklin Kopitzsch, Dirk Brietzke (Hrsg.): Hamburgische Biographie . tape 3 . Wallstein, Göttingen 2006, ISBN 3-8353-0081-4 , p. 426-428 .
- Daria Dorota Pikulska: Carl Johann Christian Zimmermann. Muzeum Architektury we Wrocławiu, Wrocław 2005, ISBN 83-89262-21-5 .
- Dieter skull: Carl Johann Christian Zimmermann (1831-1911). 36 years head of the Hamburg building construction office. In: Dieter skull (ed.): How the work of art Hamburg came about. Hamburg 2006, ISBN 3-937904-35-2 .
- Dieter Skull: In the footsteps of CJ Christian Zimmermann in Hamburg. Hamburg building director during the founding period from 1872–1908. Three architectural tours of buildings by CJ Chr. Zimmermann . Edited by the Hamburger Feuerkasse in collaboration with the Fritz Schumacher Institute at the HfBK. Hamburg 2004.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ architekturmuseum.ub.tu-berlin.de
- ^ Dieter skull (JBG) in How the work of art Hamburg came about. 2006, p. 54.
- ^ Information from the "Förderkreis Ohlsdorfer Friedhof" - FOF
- ↑ In Hamburg there are no longer the "graves for the duration of the cemetery" due to a change in the law
- ↑ Daria Dorota Pikulska: Carl Johann Christian Zimmermann. Muzeum Architektury we Wrocławiu, Wrocław 2005, ISBN 83-89262-21-5 .
- ↑ archive.org
- ↑ ma.wroc.pl ( Memento of the original from July 15, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ see "Hamburg and its buildings 1890" in the German Digital Library
- ^ Hermann Hipp: Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. History, culture and urban architecture on the Elbe and Alster. DuMont, Cologne 1989, ISBN 3-7701-1590-2 , p. 254.
- ^ Hipp: Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg , 1989, page 168
- ^ Julius Faulwasser : The extension of the art gallery in Hamburg. In: Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung. Vol. 41, No. 29 (April 9, 1921), urn : nbn: de: kobv: 109-opus-54775 , pp. 349–351 (part 1) and urn : nbn: de: kobv: 109-opus- 52253 , pp. 178-181. (Eleven pictures)
- ↑ Heritage: The Navigation School in Hamburg. In: Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung . Vol. XXVI, No. 71 (September 1, 1906), urn : nbn: de: kobv: 109-opus-39939 , pp. 448-450.
- ^ Hipp: Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg , 1989, page 450
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Julius of Roux | Wroclaw City Planning Council (left of the Oder) 1864–1872 |
Johann Robert Mende |
| Carl Ludwig Wimmel |
Hamburg building director 1872–1909 |
Fritz Schumacher |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Zimmermann, Carl Johann Christian |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Zimmermann, Hans |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German architect and construction officer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 8, 1831 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Elblag |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 18, 1911 |
| Place of death | Hamburg |