Carl Paal
Carl Paal (full name: Carl Ludwig Paal , born July 1, 1860 in Salzburg , † January 11, 1935 in Leipzig ) was a German-Austrian chemist .
life and work
After graduating from high school in Salzburg, Carl Paal studied chemistry in Munich (among others with Adolf von Baeyer ), at the TH Charlottenburg (with Karl Liebermann ), in Heidelberg and later in Erlangen and received his doctorate there in 1884 as an academic student of Emil Fischer ( Das Acetophenon and its derivatives ). Then he was Otto Fischer's assistant in Erlangen and completed his habilitation in 1890 ( furfuran, thiophene and pyrrole syntheses from γ-diketones and γ-ketonic acids ). In 1892 he became associate professor for analytical chemistry in Erlangen and in 1897 full professor for applied chemistry and pharmacy as well as director of the Pharmaceutical Institute (as the successor to Ernst Otto Beckmann ) and head of the royal research institute for food, which was affiliated with the university. From 1912 until his retirement in 1928, he held a chair for applied chemistry at the University of Leipzig (also as Beckmann's successor). In 1925 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina . Since 1912 he was a full member of the Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig .
He was particularly concerned with the synthesis of heterocycles , such as furan , pyrrole and thiophene derivatives from diketones. Together with Ludwig Knorr , he developed the Paal-Knorr synthesis, named after both, for five-membered heterocycles (such as pyrroles) from diketones. By converting 2- nitrobenzyl chloride he synthesized quinazolines and indazoles , whereby the phenyldihydroquinazoline he synthesized was used as a stomach drug. Later he dealt with amino acids , for example synthesis of amino alcohols. In 1902 he recognized the possibility of using amino acids as protective colloids for metal catalysts (such as platinum and palladium) and used them for the hydrogenation of organic compounds. In 1921 he found that noble metal colloids (brines) can be used to achieve rapid oxidation, for example from carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide.
Since 1893 Carl Paal was a member of today's Corps Guestphalia Erlangen. He was an honorary doctor from the University of Erlangen .
literature
- Messow, U .; Krause, K .; Einicke, WD : Chem. Technik 49 (1997) No. 6, pp. 267-274
- Horst Remane : Paal, Carl. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , p. 732 f. ( Digitized version ).
- W. Oberhummer: Paal Karl. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 7, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1978, ISBN 3-7001-0187-2 , p. 274 f. (Direct links on p. 274 , p. 275 ).
- Winfried Pötsch u. a. Lexicon of important chemists , Harri Deutsch 1989
Individual evidence
- ^ Albert Gossauer: Structure and reactivity of biomolecules , Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta, Zurich, 2006, p. 469, ISBN 978-3-906390-29-1 .
- ^ Member entry of Carl Paal at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on January 11, 2016.
- ^ Members of the SAW: Carl Paal. Saxon Academy of Sciences, accessed on November 20, 2016 .
- ↑ Erwin Willmann (Ed.): Directory of the old Rudolstädter Corps students. (AH. List of the RSC.) , 1928 edition, No. 3497.
Web links
- Overview of Carl Paal's courses at the University of Leipzig (summer semester 1912 to summer semester 1914)
- Carl Paal in the professorial catalog of the University of Leipzig
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Paal, Carl |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Paal, Carl Ludwig |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German-Austrian chemist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 1, 1860 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Salzburg |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 11, 1935 |
| Place of death | Leipzig |