Karl Theophil Döbbelin

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Karl Theophil Döbbelin

Karl Gottlieb Döbbelin or Karl Theophilus Döbbelin , also Carl Theophil Döbbelin and Doebelin or Döbelin (born February 27, 1727 in Königsberg in the Neumark , Mark Brandenburg ; † December 10, 1793 in Berlin ) was a German theater director and actor .

Life

Döbbelin studied law at the University of Halle , where he had to flee prematurely without a degree because of involvement in a tumult, and in 1750 he joined the Neuberin Society . After years with traveling actors' troops, he founded his own troupe, which he had to give up after a short time. A second company, which he formed in 1757 and with which he played in the Rhine area, disbanded after a year.

After that, Döbbelin was a member of the Ackermann Society until 1766 and then went to Berlin to see the director Franziskus Schuch the Elder. J. , whom he helped get rid of the impromptu comedy. Döbbelin separated from him in 1767 and founded a third company with which he passed through several Prussian provinces and in 1768 brought Gotthold Ephraim Lessing's Minna von Barnhelm to success in Berlin. Lessing's Emilia Galotti was premiered under his direction at the court theater in Braunschweig in 1772 .

After he had received the privilege for Berlin after the death of Heinrich Gottfried Koch , he opened his own Döbbelinsches Theater in Behrenstrasse in 1775 , which became a permanent stage from that time on. In autumn 1877 Johann André followed a call from Karl Theophil Döbbelin as music director of the Döbbelin orchestra. He developed an extensive activity as a composer of Singspiele and conducted his own and other works. His successor in 1784 was Johann Christian Frischmuth until his death in 1790 - from 1788 with Karl Bernhard Wessely .

Many theater historically significant performances took place on the Döbbelin stage. The guest performance of the Hamburg actor Johann Franz Brockmann in December 1777 deserves special mention. Brockmann played Hamlet in Shakespeare 's play of the same name on 12 evenings in front of a sold out house . On April 29, 1775, Shakespeare's Othello was first given in Berlin in a translation by Johann Joachim Eschenburg . Dobbelin himself appeared in the title role. Döbbelin's passion for Shakespeare was inspired by Lessing. Daniel Chodowiecki made a series of pictures. In 1783 the world premiere of Lessing's Nathan the Wise took place here , in which Döbbelin also embodied the first "Nathan". On March 8, 1784, the Berlin premiere of Schiller's “ The Fiesco Conspiracy in Genoa ”, edited by Karl Martin Plümicke, took place . Döbbelin herself appeared in the role of Andrea Doria, Duke of Genoa, while Leonore, Fiesko's wife, was taken over by daughter Caroline.

After the Döbbelin Theater was closed on December 3, 1786, the German actors were assigned the vacant French comedy house on Gendarmenmarkt by order of the King , which King Friedrich Wilhelm II elevated to the status of the “Royal National Theater”. It opened on December 5, 1787 with a speech, "written and spoken" by Döbbelin. On January 2, 1787, the re-performance of Fiesko took place under the direction of Döbbelins, but after a dispute with him, the theater was placed under royal administration. It was closed on December 31, 1801 and a new building was built

As a theater director, Döbbelin strived for a clean stage and knew the best people like Ferdinand Fleck , Joseph Anton Christ , Margarete Schick and others. a. to pull yourself. As an actor, he was particularly popular in typical roles, but his main merit is seen in the establishment of German drama at a time that almost exclusively performed works by French and Italian authors in the original language.

His first wife was Maximiliana Christiana Döbbelin (? –1759), the second Friederike Caroline von Klinglin (1739–1793), who played the leading female roles in his companies with great success. When Döbbelin was arrested in Leipzig for gambling debts in 1774, however, she did not release him, but started her own business with some actors and went to Dresden, where she also frequented court society. After his release she went with him to Berlin and Potsdam, where she gave Minna and Emilia . Goethe's Clavigo and The Liars by Carlo Goldoni were also performed. In 1775 Friederike Caroline gave birth to a son August to her lover, Chamberlain Johann Friedrich von Alvensleben , whom she married in September 1776 after her divorce. Döbbelin then married Regine Elenson (1733–1780) for the third time .

Among his children are the actors:

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Königlich Preußischer Staats-Anzeiger , No. 37, February 13, p. 530
  2. ↑ Königlich Preußischer Staats-Anzeiger , No. 56, March 7, 1866, p. 809
  3. ↑ Königlich Preußischer Staats-Anzeiger , No. 56, March 7, 1866, p. 809
  4. ↑ Udo von Alvensleben : The life story of the beautiful Klinglin . In: Visits before the fall, aristocratic residences between Altmark and Masuria , compiled from diary entries and edited by Harald von Koenigswald. Frankfurt / M. / Berlin 1968, pp. 164–166, with further reference to the memoirs published in 1912 by the actor Joseph Anton Christ , who belonged to the Döbbelin troupe from 1773–74
personal data
SURNAME Döbbelin, Karl Theophil
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Döbbelin, Karl Gottlieb; Döbbelin, Karl Theophilus (full name); Döbbelin, Carl Theophil; Doebelin, Karl Theophil; Döbelin, Karl Theophil
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German theater director and actor
DATE OF BIRTH February 27, 1727
PLACE OF BIRTH Koenigsberg in the Neumark , Mark Brandenburg
DATE OF DEATH December 10, 1793
Place of death Berlin