Celâl Bayar

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mahmut Celâl Bey, before 1923
Signature of Celâl Bayar

Mahmut Celâleddin Bey , Bayar since the Family Name Act 1934 (born May 16, 1883 in Umurbey , Bursa Province , † August 22, 1986 in Istanbul ), was a Turkish politician and president.

Life

In 1908 Mahmut Celâl joined the Young Turks . In 1914, Celâl supported the ethnic cleansing and expropriation of Greeks on the Aegean coast as a local representative of the Committee for Unity and Progress of Izmir and a leading member of the local special organization Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa .

In April 1919, Mahmut Celâl condemned Cemal Pasha's public statement on the factuality of the Armenian genocide in the Turkish press. In 1919 Celâl took part in the ethnic cleansing of the Greeks and the Turkishization of trade and business in the Izmir region under the alias Galip Hoca .

From 1921 to 1922, Celâl Bayar was Minister of Economics in the Ankara government headed by Mustafa Kemal . 1922–1923 he took part in the peace talks in Lausanne as a member of the Turkish delegation . In 1924, Celâl Bayar became Minister for Population, Reconstruction and Resettlement. From 1932 to 1937 he was Minister of Economic Affairs of Turkey , from 1937 to 1939 Prime Minister . After President İsmet İnönü announced the end of the one-party system in Turkey in May 1945, Bayar and those close to him, such as Adnan Menderes, left the Republican People's Party (CHP) and founded the Democrat Parti (DP) in 1946 . In the 1946 elections, the DP was not yet able to achieve any great success. But she won the parliamentary majority in the 1950 elections. Bayar became President of Turkey on May 22, 1950 and Menderes Prime Minister. Under his presidency it came from 6th to 7th September 1955 on the anti-Greek pogrom in Istanbul .

Demonstrations against the government began in mid-April 1960, first in Ankara and later in other cities. The government eventually declared a state of siege on Istanbul and Ankara, but the military refused to intervene. Instead , the military staged a coup on May 27, 1960 under General Cemal Gürsel , who had recently been deprived of command by Prime Minister Menderes for refusing to give orders . Bayar, Menderes and other government politicians were arrested and brought to an exceptional court . In 1961, Bayar and Menderes were sentenced to death in the Yassıada trials - but while Menderes was executed in İmralı that same year , Bayar remained imprisoned until he was pardoned in 1966.

Awards (selection)

literature

  • Camilla Dawletschin-Linder: servant of his state. Celal Bayar (1883–1986) and the development of modern Turkey . Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2003, ISBN 3-447-04740-2 .
  • Celal Bayar , in: Internationales Biographisches Archiv 39/1986 of September 15, 1986, in the Munzinger archive ( beginning of article freely accessible)

Web links

Commons : Celâl Bayar  - collection of images, videos and audio files

swell

  1. ^ Vartkes Yeghiayan: Malta Belgeleri. İngiltere Dışişleri Bakanlığı "Türk Savaş Suçluları" Dosyası , Belge Yayınları, Türkiye İncelemeleri Dizisi, Istanbul 2007, page 407
  2. ↑ Taner Akçam : From Empire to Republic. Turkish Nationalism & The Armenian Genocide , Zed Books, London & New York 2004, pp. 144-149
  3. ↑ Alemdar , Konstantinopel, Vakit , Konstantinopel, Le courrier de Turquie , Konstantinopel, all editions of April 8, 1919, quoted from: Yves Ternon : Enquête sur la négation d'un génocide , éditions parenthèses, Marseille 1989 ISBN 2-86364-052 -6 , page 214
  4. ^ Vartkes Yeghiayan: Malta Belgeleri. İngiltere Dışişleri Bakanlığı “Türk Savaş Suçluları” Dosyası , Belge Yayınları, Türkiye İncelemeleri Dizisi, Istanbul 2007, page 412
  5. ^ A b c Erhard Franz: Biographies of leading personalities in public life. Bayar, Mahmut Celâl. in: Klaus-Detlev Grothusen (Ed.): Turkey. South East Europe Handbook. Volume IV , Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1985 ISBN 3-525-36204-8 , page 760.
personal data
SURNAME Bayar, Celâl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bayar, Mahmut Celâleddin (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Turkish politician and president
DATE OF BIRTH May 16, 1883
PLACE OF BIRTH Umurbey , Bursa Province
DATE OF DEATH August 22, 1986
Place of death Istanbul