Chalcostibit
| Chalcostibit | |
|---|---|
 (image width: 2 mm) |
|
| General and classification | |
| other names |
|
| chemical formula | CuSbS 2 |
|
Mineral class (and possibly department) |
Sulfides and sulfosalts |
|
System no. to Strunz and to Dana |
2.HA.05 ( 8th edition : II / E.04) 07/03/05/01 |
| Crystallographic Data | |
| Crystal system | orthorhombic |
| Crystal class ; symbol | orthorhombic-dipyramidal; 2 / m 2 / m 2 / m |
| Room group (no.) | Pnma (No. 62) |
| Lattice parameters | a = 6.03 Å ; b = 3.80 Å; c = 14.51 Å |
| Formula units | Z = 4 |
| Physical Properties | |
| Mohs hardness | 3 to 4 |
| Density (g / cm 3 ) | measured: 4.95; calculated: 5.011 |
| Cleavage | completely after {010}, less good after {001} and {100} |
| Break ; Tenacity | uneven to almost shell-like, brittle |
| colour | lead gray to iron black; blue, green or colored |
| Line color | lead gray |
| transparency | opaque |
| shine | Metallic luster |
Chalcostibite , also known as copper antimony luster , Wolfsbergite or Rosit , is a rather seldom occurring mineral from the mineral class of " sulphides and sulphosalts ". It crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system with the chemical composition CuSbS 2 , so from a chemical point of view it is a copper - antimony sulfide.
Chalcostibite is opaque in every form and develops mostly prismatic, parallel to the surfaces of the b-axis flattened and striped crystals up to 16 centimeters in length, but also granular or massive mineral aggregates of lead-gray to iron-black color with lead-gray streak color . Fresh samples have a strong metallic luster . However, the mineral occasionally tarnishes blue, green or even brightly colored.
With a Mohs hardness of 3 to 4, chalcostibite lies between the reference minerals calcite (3) and fluorite (4), so it can just about be scratched with a copper coin, but easily scratched with a pocket knife.
Etymology and history
Chalkostibit was first discovered in the Graf Jost-Christian-Zeche near Wolfsberg in Saxony-Anhalt. After this location, the mineral was also given the nickname Wolfsbergite by James Nicol in 1849 .
The mineral was scientifically described for the first time in 1835 by Johann Ludwig Carl Zincken and Heinrich Rose , who carried out the analysis of the material. Due to its high copper and antimony content, they initially referred to the new mineral as copper antimony shine . Rose's brother Gustav added a brief description of the crystal morphology after he managed to find some measurable crystals in the samples. Accordingly, these had the shape of "pushed, four-sided prisms that appear very blunted on the sharp side edges."
In 1841, Jean Jacques Nicolas Huot chose the name Rosit in his "Manuel de Minéralogie" in honor of the brothers Gustav and Heinrich Rose . Six years later, Ernst Friedrich Glocker took over the name of Zincken in his work "Generum et Specierum Mineralium Secundum Ordines Naturales digestorum Synopsis", but changed it into its Greek-Latin form, which is still valid today, Chalcostibit (also Chalcostibites ) after the Greek word Χαλκός for Copper and the Latin word stibium for "(gray) spike luster" or antimony.
classification
In the outdated but still partially in use 8th edition of the mineral classification by Strunz of Chalkostibit belonged to the mineral class of "sulfides and sulfosalts" and then to the Department of "thio" where he along with Cuprobismutit , Eichbergit , Emplectite , Hodrušit , Kupčíkit and Pizgrischit the unnamed group II / E.04 formed.
The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics, which has been in effect since 2001 and is used by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA), also assigns chalcostibite to the class of "sulfides and sulfosalts", but in the newly defined section of "sulfosalts with SnS as Role model ”. This is further subdivided according to the predominant metals in the compound, so that the mineral can be found according to its composition in the sub-section “With Cu, Ag, Fe (without Pb)”, where it is only together with emplektite named after it "Chalkostibitgruppe" with the system no. 2.HA.05 forms.
The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking world , assigns chalcostibite to the class of "sulfides and sulfosalts" and there in the department of "sulfosalts". Here it is also together with emplektite in the unnamed group 07/03/05 within the subsection “ Sulphosalts with the ratio z / y = 2 and the composition (A + ) i (A 2+ ) j [B y C z ], A = Metals, B = semi-metals, C = non-metals ”.
Crystal structure
Chalcostibite crystallizes isotypically with emplektite in the orthorhombic crystal system in the space group Pnma (space group no. 62) with the lattice parameters a = 6.03 Å ; b = 3.80 Å and c = 14.51 Å and 4 formula units per unit cell .
properties
In front of the soldering tube , chalcostibite melts very easily, with the crystals crackling into small flakes (decrepitating).
Chalcostibite is brittle and, due to its layer-like structure, can be completely cleaved at right angles to the b-axis. In all other directions it splits less well and breaks unevenly to slightly scalloped.
Education and Locations
(size: 9.9 cm × 5.2 cm × 3.1 cm)
Chalkostibit formed in hydrothermally - veins on ore -Gängen. Accompanying minerals include andorite , barite , chalcopyrite , dadsonite , jamesonite , pyrite , quartz , siderite , stannite , stibnite and tetrahedrite .
As a rather rare mineral formation, chalcostibite can in part be abundant at various sites, but overall it is not very common. So far (as of 2013) around 150 sites are known. In addition to its type locality “Graf Jost-Christian-Zeche” near Wolfsberg in Saxony-Anhalt, the mineral was also found in Germany in the “Segen Gottes” pit near Haslach in the Kinzigtal- Schnellingen in Baden-Württemberg (the location of Sulzburg is questionable), near fire wood - Goldkronach and in the "Bayerland" mine near Pfaffenreuth ( Leonberg (Upper Palatinate) ) in Bavaria, in the "Bergmannstrost" mine near Sankt Andreasberg in Lower Saxony, in the Caspari colliery and near Ramsbeck in North Rhine-Westphalia and on the Moschellandsberg near Obermoschel in Rhineland-Palatinate.
In Austria, Chalkostibit was previously found at the Mischlinggraben near Kliening in the Carinthian municipality of Bad St. Leonhard in Lavanttal , in the "Knappenstube" silver mine at Hochtor in Salzburg, near Oberzeiring in Styria and in several places in eastern and northern Tyrol (Inntal, Pustertal) .
Rar-el-Anz in Wadi Cherrat in the Moroccan province of Casablanca , where chalcostibite crystals of up to 10 cm in size associated with azurite and malachite, are worth mentioning due to the extraordinary finds of chalcostibite. Beautifully developed crystals of up to 1.5 cm in size and mostly grown on siderite were also found near Saint-Pons in the French department of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence . In the "Boldut Mine" near Cavnic in Romania, mainly leafy and rosette-shaped aggregates grown on quartz or dolomite emerged.
Other locations are in Argentina, Azerbaijan, Australia, Bolivia, China, Canada, Greece, Greenland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Luxembourg, Mexico, Mongolia, New Zealand, Peru, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, South Africa, Tajikistan, Czech Republic, Tunisia, Ukraine, Hungary, Uzbekistan and the United States of America (USA).
The previously known Norwegian sites Bjøllåga in Rana and "Jakobsbakken Mine" near Sulitjelma (Fauske) are either questionable or could not be confirmed.
See also
literature
- Johann Ludwig Carl Zincken , Heinrich Rose : Ueber den Kupferantimonglanz, a new mineral genus , in: Annalen der Pharmacie , Volume 16, Universitäts-Buchhandlung CF Winter, Heidelberg 1835, p. 253 in the Google book search
- Ernst Friedrich Glocker ( Ernestus Friedericus Glocker ): VII. Lampritae Chalcostibitoidei. 35. Chalcostibites (copper antimony shine) (PDF; 120 kB), in: Generum et Specierum Mineralium Secundum Ordines Naturales Digestorum Synopsis , Eduardum Anton, Halae Saxonum 1847, pp. 32–33
- Paul Ramdohr , Hugo Strunz : Klockmann's textbook of mineralogy . 16th edition. Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-432-82986-8 , p. 473 .
Web links
- Mineral Atlas: Chalcostibite (Wiki)
- Thomas Witzke (Stollen Troll): The discovery of the Chalcostibite
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel: Strunz Mineralogical Tables . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p. 128 .
- ↑ Webmineral - Chalcostibite (English)
- ↑ Chalcostibite , In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America , 2001 ( PDF 61.1 kB )
- ↑ Mindat - Number of localities for Chalkostibit
- ↑ Petr Korbel, Milan Novák: Mineral Encyclopedia . Nebel Verlag GmbH, Eggolsheim 2002, ISBN 3-89555-076-0 , p. 52 ( Dörfler Natur ).
- ↑ Mindat - pictures of chalcosti bit finds from Saint-Pons, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France
- ↑ Mindat - Pictures of Chalcostibit finds from the Boldut Mine, Cavnic, Romania
- ↑ Find location list for Chalcostibite at the Mineralienatlas and at Mindat