Charles Dinarello

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Charles Dinarello, 2010

Charles Dinarello (born April 22, 1943 in Boston ) is an American doctor and since the mid-1970s researcher in the field of cytokines , especially interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor . He is considered the "founding father" of cytokine biology.

Career

Charles Dinarello first studied medicine at Boston University , where he received his bachelor's degree in 1965 and then at Yale University . There he obtained a doctorate in 1969 based on a study of the causes of the development of fever . He then worked for two years at Massachusetts General Hospital and from 1971 to 1977 at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda . As a research assistant (from 1977 to 1982) under Sheldon M. Wolff and then as a professor of medicine and pediatrics , he worked at Tufts University in Boston and at the New England Medical Center Hospital in Boston, before joining the School of in 1996 as a professor Medicine from the University of Colorado in Denver , whose faculty he has been a member since then.

Research topics

In 1969, Charles Dinarello already devoted his doctoral thesis to the body's own proteins in the liver , which lead to the development of fever. The molecular structure of what were then called endogenous leukocytic pyrogens was still unknown at the time. In 1974 Dinarello was the first to prove that these leukocytic pyrogens consist of two distinguishable groups of molecules ; their current designation is interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β . In 1977, Dinarello succeeded in demonstrating that highly pure leukocytic pyrogens in humans can also cause high fever in rabbits, in traces of 25 nanograms per kilogram of body weight; also that the same protein activates the lymphocytes of mice. In 1979 the pyrogen detected by Dinarello was named interleukin-1 at an international conference to standardize the nomenclature - as it was first described.

In the early 1980s, various research groups demonstrated that the protein known as interleukin-1 can not only cause fever, but also play a role in septic shock and sleep , cause anorexia and muscle wasting , and insulin-producing β cells damage the pancreas . It has therefore been widely doubted that a single molecule can have such seemingly unspecific effects in the immune system . As of February 1982, Dinarello was released from the medical obligation to provide patient care, so that he found time to try to clone the gene coding for interleukin-1 - which meant again breaking new scientific ground, because efficient methods of DNA sequencing were only new Developed in 1977 and by 1982 only three human genes had been isolated. As early as December 1984, however, his working group published the DNA sequence of interleukin-1β, which meant that the diverse effects of the protein could now be definitively proven.

In the following years, Dinarello identified other interleukins, researched their interaction with the tumor necrosis factor and established the use of interleukin-1 inhibitors for therapy. Interleukin-1 inhibitors are used, for example, in the treatment of patients with periodic inflammatory symptoms such as gout , type 2 diabetes and multiple myeloma, as well as in children who suffer from a certain severe form of arthritis .

Charles Dinarello published more than 600 original papers on cytokines. He is also an expert in research into the anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 fatty acids .

Awards

In 1993 Dinarello was awarded the Ernst Jung Prize for his contributions in the field of infectious diseases and cytokines ; He donated all of the prize money ($ 125,000) to universities and research institutes in the United States and Israel, and established the Sheldon M. Wolff Professorship at Tufts University in honor of his mentor. In 1996 he received the Ludwig Heilmeyer Gold Medal from the German Society for Internal Medicine . In 1998 Dinarello was elected to the National Academy of Sciences . Other awards included the International Chirone Prize of the Italian National Academy of Medicine, the Carol Nachman Prize for Rheumatology , the Sheikh Hamdan bin Rashdid al Maktoum Award (United Arab Emirates) and the Beering Award (USA).

In 2009 Dinarello received the Albany Medical Center Prize and the Crafoord Prize from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . In March 2010 he was awarded the Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize in Frankfurt am Main . For 2020 he was awarded the Tang Prize in the "Biopharmaceutical Research" category.

Charles Dinarello holds honorary doctorates from the University of Marseille , the University of Frankfurt and the Weizmann Institute in Rechowot , Israel . He is also a member of the control board of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences and numerous other scientific newspapers.

Web links

Commons : Charles A. Dinarello  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Philip E. Auron et al .: Nucleotide sequence of human monocyte interleukin 1 precursor cDNA. In: PNAS . Volume 81, No. 24, 1984, pp. 7907–7911, full text (PDF)
  2. ↑ Tang Prize 2020
personal data
SURNAME Dinarello, Charles
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Dinarello, Charles Anthony
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American immunologist
DATE OF BIRTH April 22, 1943
PLACE OF BIRTH Boston