China-Central-East-Europe Summit

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The China-Central and Eastern Europe summit , also 16 + 1 summit called, are held annually meeting of the Chinese Prime Minister with the leaders of Central and Eastern European countries to expand the business relationships and investment opportunities opening up for Chinese companies.

These meetings take place within the framework of 2012 in Budapest , founded in cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European countries (English Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries , shorten China-CEEC or 16 + 1 ) instead, an initiative of the Chinese government.

The 16 + 1 Secretariat is in Beijing , plus sixteen “national coordinators” in each of the partner countries in Central / Eastern Europe. The Secretary General is Chinese Deputy Foreign Minister Wang Chao .

Participating states

The participating states from Central / Eastern Europe are:

history

As a motive of China for the strategic partnership with these 17 Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC) economic reasons as well as the common communist past are mentioned. In particular, however, projects are to be funded that are to serve the expansion of trade with Europe in the course of the “ One Belt, One Road ” strategy launched by China in 2013 (“New Silk Road”). A special secretariat for cooperation with the CEEC region has existed in the Chinese Foreign Ministry since 2012.

In 2011, a bilateral meeting of several days between the Hungarian Prime Minister Orban and the Chinese Prime Minister Jiabao took place, at which Hungary was assured of economic support such as the purchase of government bonds and investments. In addition, a short time later it was decided to take over the Hungarian chemical company BorsodChem by the Chinese Wanhua Industrial Group .

  • Warsaw - April 26, 2012 : At the first summit, Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao announced a $ 10 billion line of credit and a $ 500 million investment fund. The aim is to boost the exchange of goods with the region to 100 billion dollars by 2015. Between 2000 and 2010, the volume of trade between these countries and China rose from 3 to 40 billion. Over 750 companies, 300 of them from China, took part in the summit. Also in 2012, a Polish state-owned company was sold to a Chinese investor for the first time: The construction machinery division of Huta Stalowa Wola to LiuGong Machinery for around EUR 67.3 million. The China Overseas Engineering Group (COVEC) tried to work on a motorway project in Poland as early as 2009, but it was dropped after legal disputes.
  • Bucharest - 26.-27. November 2013 : In addition to the heads of government of the participating countries, around 1,000 companies (300 of them from China) were also present. With the Chinese Prime Minister Li Keqiang , a Chinese head of government was in Romania for the first time in 19 years. In Romania, agreements on investments in the energy sector and facilitation of food exports to China were concluded.
  • Belgrade - 16.-17. December 2014 : By 2013, China had already invested two billion euros in Serbia - the Danube Bridge in Belgrade was completed in 2014 - the modernization of the Budapest – Belgrade railway line, which was announced in the previous year and estimated at 1.5 billion euros, has now been decided. which should end in 2017. It was decided to build a motorway to the north with Montenegro (690 million euros), with Macedonia the construction of a motorway between Kicevo and Ohrid (375 million euros), the largest investment in infrastructure in 50 years according to the then Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski . The China Exim Bank also provided over $ 600 million in loans for investments in the Serbian energy sector . The loans always come from Chinese banks and the involvement of local companies as subcontractors is low. In addition, a new line of credit for $ 3 billion was announced - of the previous $ 10 billion, only $ 1.7 billion was left. Only two weeks after the summit in Belgrade, the merger of the Chinese railway manufacturers CNR and CSR to form the China Railway Rolling Stock Corporation (CRRC) was announced to defy the "western" world market leaders such as General Electric , Alstom , Siemens and Bombardier in this area to offer.
  • Suzhou - March 23-27 November 2015 : From the fourth summit, this time a whole week in China, there was hardly anything to be read in the European media. China's trade volume with the 16 Eastern European countries has grown to around 70 billion dollars by then and 80% of the projects announced in previous years have already started. This year China joined the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the purpose of which is to transform the formerly Soviet states of Eastern Europe into the market economy system.
  • Riga - 5th - 6th November 2016 : Around 600 business representatives, 250 of them from China, took part in the parallel business forum. The state-run Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) announced a "Sino-CEE" fund of ten billion dollars for further investments.
  • Budapest - November 27, 2017 : The investment framework has been expanded by another three billion US dollars, this time provided by the China Development Bank (CDB). The Budapest – Belgrade rail project was also an issue again, for which a loan was signed. The total cost has now been put at $ 2.1 billion and the opening has been postponed to 2023. What is new, however, is the 31 kilometer long and 450 million euro motorway project between Preljina and Požega (as part of Autoput A2 ) in Serbia, which is to be implemented by the China Communications Construction Company (CCCC).
  • Sofia - 6-7 July 2018 : Around 1,000 companies were represented.
  • Dubrovnik - 11-12 April 2019 : This year, China's investment volume in Serbia reached $ 10 billion. With the entry of Greece , represented by Alexis Tsipras , the 16 + 1 format was expanded to 17 + 1.

literature

  • Weiqing Song (Ed.): China's Relations with Central and Eastern Europe: From “Old Comrades” to New Partners , Routledge , October 2017
  • Central and Eastern Europe as a New Frontier of China's Multilateral Diplomacy , Guest Editor: Dragan Pavlićević, Global China and Symbolic Power: The Case of 16 + 1 Cooperation , by Anastas Vangeli, Journal of Contemporary China , April 11, 2018, doi: 10.1080 /10670564.2018.1458056
  • Anastas Vangeli: China's Engagement with the Sixteen Countries of Central, East and Southeast Europe under the Belt and Road Initiative , September 19, 2017, doi: 10.1111 / cwe.12216 , in: China & World Economy , Volume 25, Issue 5, Special Issue: Eurasian Perspectives on China's Belt and Road Initiative , September – October 2017, pp. 101–124
  • The New Silk Road: China Meets Europe in the Baltic Sea Region - A Business Perspective , Edited by Jean-Paul Larçon ( HEC Paris , France), World Scientific , July 2017

Web links

  • Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European countries - Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries / 中国-中东欧国家合作
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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Ágnes Szunomár: Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern Europe: Promising Start, Doubtful Outlook. In: China-US Focus , December 6, 2017 (English).
  2. ↑ '16 +1 'mechanism set to bolster China-Europe ties. In: china-ceec.org , July 10, 2018 (English)
  3. ^ Introduction of the Secretariat for Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries. In: china-ceec.org , November 20, 2013 (English)
  4. ↑ a b National Coordinators. In: china-ceec.org (English).
  5. ^ Secretary General of the Secretariat for Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries. In: china-ceec.org , December 2, 2015 (English).
  6. ↑ a b c d China is knocking on the eastern gate of Europe. In: frankfurt.china-consulate.org , November 27, 2013 (accessed July 4, 2019).
  7. ↑ Prime Minister Orban thanks Wen Jiabao for "historical help". In: Der Standard , June 25, 2011 (accessed July 4, 2019).
  8. ↑ 15 Eastern European heads of government at an economic forum with China. In: Pester Lloyd , April 30, 2012 (accessed July 4, 2019).
  9. ^ Poland: State-owned company sold to Chinese investor for the first time In: APA , January 12, 2012.
  10. ↑ Keno Verseck: Eastern Europe pays homage to Beijing - and hopes for billions. In: Spiegel Online , November 28, 2017 (accessed July 4, 2019).
  11. ↑ China and Romania want to strengthen economic cooperation. In: Focus , November 25, 2013 (accessed July 4, 2019).
  12. ↑ China creates a gold rush atmosphere in Eastern Europe. In: trend , December 12, 2014 (accessed July 4, 2019).
  13. ↑ China announces mega-merger of train builders. In: Spiegel Online , December 31, 2014 (accessed July 4, 2019).
  14. ↑ a b A Silk Road for Eastern Europe. In: Zeit Online , November 27, 2015 (accessed July 4, 2019).
  15. ↑ China joined the European development bank EBRD. In: Der Standard , December 15, 2015 (accessed July 4, 2019).
  16. ↑ China wants to invest in Central and Eastern Europe. In: Der Standard , November 6, 2016 (accessed July 4, 2019).
  17. ↑ China builds highways in Serbia. In: Wiener Zeitung , November 27, 2017 (accessed July 4, 2019).
  18. ^ Austrian Military Journal , issue 04/2019, p. 510.