Christian Franz Paullini

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Christian Franz Paullini

Christian Franz Paullini , also Kristian Frantz Paul (l) ini (born February 25, 1643 in Eisenach ; † June 10, 1712 there ), was a doctor , polymath and poet.

Life

The multi-talented scholar came from a family of merchants and scholars in Eisenach. He attended several Thuringian schools in order to finally pass his Abitur at the Coburg high school. He studied first (Protestant) theology and then medicine in Gdansk , Königsberg , Rostock , Lübeck , Kiel and with Thomas Bartholin in Copenhagen , received the title of poet and master's degree in Wittenberg . Then he settled in Hamburg as a doctor. Following two trips through England (with stays and Cambridge and Oxford ) and Holland, he received his doctorate in medicine in Leiden . Further shorter stays in Sweden , Norway and Iceland led him to Scandinavia. The successful practicing doctor had become known to the European scholarly world through his travels. He had refused a call to Pisa as a professor in 1673. In 1675 he became the personal physician and historiographer of the Prince-Bishop of Münster Christoph Bernhard von Galen and later “Leib-Medicus” at the Brunswick court in Wolfenbüttel . In 1685 he returned to Eisenach and in 1689 accepted the post of "Ducal city ​​physician ".

As one of the last polyhistorians, Paullini made a name for himself not only as a doctor, but also as a writer, historian, philosopher and ethnographer. He corresponded with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz , among others, and was acquainted with the learned Jesuit Athanasius Kircher . In his long life as a private scholar, he wrote at least 50 books. He was a member of language and literary societies as well as academic academies such as the Fruit Bringing Society (as The Vigilant ) and the Pegnese Flower Order, which still exists today . On April 17, 1675 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina , nicknamed Arion I. Here he corresponded with the Leopoldina member Salomon Reisel (1625–1701). Some letters from this correspondence have been preserved.

plant

Filth pharmacy

Paullini's writing Heilsame Dreck-Apotheke achieved particular distribution , with numerous new editions and reprints. The work offered an extensive collection of formulations for the internal and external medical application of human and animal excretions, as the "pharmacologist" Xenocrates of Aphrodisias is said to have recommended as a remedy in antiquity . Such a " dirty pharmacy " was used worldwide and at all times not only in folk medicine and ranges from recipes in Egyptian papyri around 2000 BC. Until the urine therapy of the present. Paullini's work moved within the theoretical framework of contemporary humoral pathology , appealed to numerous authorities of older and newer medicine, but also to folk medical practices of "farmers / boatmen / and similar bad people" (1697, p. 5r) and offers numerous equivalents too otherwise known recipes of traditional and contemporary medicine. But in the focus on the therapeutic effect of excrement, with at the same time encyclopedic breadth of the representation of all conceivable application possibilities from head to toe, the work was a novelty, about which, according to the preface of 1697, some “stump-brains” among the Contemporaries already wrinkled their noses (f. 3r).

Paullini is badly reputed in historical research for his part in the publication or creation of several forgeries of allegedly medieval sources. His anthology Rerum et antiquitatum Germanicarum Syntagma , published in 1698, contained six of his own treatises and chronicles as well as eleven previously unknown medieval source texts. a. the Chronicon Mindense and texts relevant to the history of the Corvey Monastery - the Chronicon Hüxariense , the Annales Corbeiae Saxonicae antiqui subinde continuati (to be distinguished from the real work of the same name MGH SS 5.3) and the Carmen de Brunsburgo - have been forgeries since the 19th century and with some probability are to be ascribed to Paullini, as well as some other sources and documents that Paullini cites in his Dissertationes historicae (1694) or separately or in his historical and chronic writings.

Others

Hubert Horstmann, as a historian of philosophy and a connoisseur of Paullini's epoch, has processed his biography into a novel (Christian Franz Paullini: Doctor - Poet - Historian - Forger , BKP-Verlag, Zweibrücken 2011)

Fonts

The personal bibliography of Gerhard Dünnhaupt offers a list of Paullini's printed writings aimed at completeness . (a selection follows)

  • Rerum et antiquitatum Germanicarum Syntagma . Knoche, Frankfurt am Main 1698. ( digitized version )
  • Cynographia curiosa seu canis descriptio . Endter, Nuremberg 1685. ( digitized version )
  • Coenarum Helena, see Angvilla: Juxta Methodum Et Leges Illustris Academiae Naturae Curiosorum descripta, Selectisq [ue] Observationibus & Curiositatibus condita . Wohlfart, Francofurti 1689 ( digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf )
  • De antiqua et nobili familia Cottarum, Dissertatione historica . Gießen 1694 (German ex. UdT dissertation on the old and elegant Cotta family . Halle, Eisenach city archive 1940)
  • Healing filthy pharmacy: How namely with feces and urine Almost all / yes also the most severe / poisonous diseases / and bewitched damage / from head to foot, inside and outwardly happily cured by Friedrich Knoche, Frankfurt am Main 1696, 2. Issue under the title Neu-Vermehre / Heilsame Dreck-Apotheke ibid 1697 (on the title copper with the year 1696), since the 15th edition of 1714 in two volumes with posthumously published additions in the 2nd volume.
  • Flagellum salutis, that is: Curieuse story of how all sorts of serious, boring and almost incurable illnesses were often, soon and well cured with blows. With funny histories ... proven and. explained . Knoche, Frankfurt / M. 1698. ( digitized version )
  • The highly and well-learned German women's room . Stößel, Erfurt 1705. ( digitized version )
  • Small but curious farmer's physics . Stössel Erben, Erfurt 1705 ( digitized edition 1711 )
  • Philosophical pleasure hours, or all sorts of beautiful ... curiosities . 2 vols. Stößel, Erfurt 1706-07. ( Digitized version )
  • Philosophical Feyer evening, self-contained, all kinds of graceful, rare, curieuse ... incidents . Knoche Frankfurt / M. 1700. ( digitized version )
  • Time-reducing, edifying pleasure, or all kinds of exquisite merchandise . 3 vols. Knoche, Frankfurt / M. 1693-1697. ( Digitized version )

literature

  • W. Klinghammer: Paullini and the <Annales Isenacenses> . Diss. 1925
  • G. Metze: Christian Franz Paullini. Life and work . Diss. 1966
  • Wolfgang Schneider : About Paullini's dirty pharmacy. In: Publications of the International Society for the History of Pharmacy , New Series, 26, 1965, pp. 131-138.
  • Anne-Christin Lux: "Christian Franz Paullini's Dirty Pharmacy ", in: Physicality and Culture 2004 - Interdisciplinary Medicine Culture Research. Documentation of the 7th working meeting of the “Network Health and Culture in Folklore Research” Würzburg, March 31 - April 2, 2004. Rainer Alsheimer; Roland Weibezahn (ed.). Bremen 2005. (Folklore & Historical Anthropology, Vol. 10.), pp. 41–66.
  • Dieter Lent: Paullini, Christian Franz . In: Horst-Rüdiger Jarck, Dieter Lent u. a. (Ed.): Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon: 8th to 18th century . Appelhans, Braunschweig 2006, ISBN 978-3-937664-46-0 , pp. 549f.
  • Wegele:  Paullini, Franz Christian . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 25, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1887, pp. 279-281.
  • Paullini, Christian Franciscus. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 26, Leipzig 1740, column 1569-1571.
  • Fritz Krafft : Paullini, Christian Franz. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Encyclopedia of medical history. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1116.
  • Johann Daniel Ferdinand Neigebaur : History of the imperial Leopoldino-Carolinische German academy of natural scientists during the second century of its existence. Friedrich Frommann, Jena 1860, p. 192 .
  • Willi Ule : History of the Imperial Leopoldine-Carolinian German Academy of Natural Scientists during the years 1852–1887 . With a look back at the earlier times of its existence. In commission at Wilh. Engelmann in Leipzig, Halle 1889, supplements and additions to Neigebaur's history, p. 148 ( archive.org ).

Web links

References and comments

  1. ^ Fritz Krafft: Paullini, Christian Frantz. In: Werner E. Gerabek et al. (Ed.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. 2005, p. 1116.
  2. ^ Ralf Bröer: Salomon Reisel (1625-1701). Baroque natural research by a personal physician under the spell of mechanistic philosophy. Dissertation University of Münster, also in: Christoph J. Scriba (Ed.): Acta Historica Leopoldina, No. 23, Halle 1996, p. 50.
  3. ^ Gundolf Keil: Xenokrates von Aphrodisias. In: Werner E. Gerabek u. a. (Ed.): Encyclopedia of medical history. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1509.
  4. ↑ Barbara I. Tshisuaka: Dirty pharmacy. In: Werner E. Gerabek u. a. (Ed.): Encyclopedia of medical history. 2005, p. 322 f.
  5. ↑ In addition Hermann Lövinson, Die Mindensche Chronik des Busso Watensted a forgery by Paullini , Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn 1890 ( ULB Münster )
  6. ^ Johannes Backhaus, Die Corveyer Geschistorfälschungen des 17. und 18. Century , in: Friedrich Philippi (Ed.) Abhandlungen über Corveyer Geschichtsschreibung , Aschendorff, Münster 1906, pp. 1-48, pp. 3ff.
  7. ^ Gerhard Dünnhaupt, Christian Franz Paullini (1643–1712) , in: ders., Personalbibliographien zu den Druck des Barock , Vol. 4, Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1991, pp. 3080-3103, ISBN 3-7772-9122-6
  8. ↑ Knoch, 1713 .
personal data
SURNAME Paullini, Christian Franz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German doctor, polymath and writer
DATE OF BIRTH February 25, 1643
PLACE OF BIRTH Eisenach
DATE OF DEATH June 10, 1712
Place of death Eisenach