Chromium feride
| Chromium feride | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| General and classification | |
| other names |
IMA 1984-021 |
| chemical formula |
|
|
Mineral class (and possibly department) |
Elements - metals and intermetallic alloys |
|
System no. to Strunz and to Dana |
1.AE.15 01.01.12.02 |
| Crystallographic Data | |
| Crystal system | cubic |
| Crystal class ; symbol | 4 / m32 / m |
| Space group | Pm 3 m (No. 221) |
| Lattice parameters | a = 2.86 Å |
| Formula units | Z = 1 |
| Physical Properties | |
| Mohs hardness | 4 to 4.5 ( VHN 100 = 260) |
| Density (g / cm 3 ) | calculated: 6.69 |
| Cleavage | is missing |
| colour | light gray, gray white |
| Line color | not defined |
| transparency | opaque |
| shine | Metallic luster |
| magnetism | ferromagnetic |
Chromium feride is a very rarely occurring mineral from the mineral class of elements with the chemical composition Fe 3 Cr 1 − x (x = 0.6) and therefore, chemically speaking, a natural alloy of iron and chromium with slight chromium undersaturation. The undersaturation can also be expressed using the crystal chemical structural formula by a space ( □ ) in the formula Fe (Fe 0.5 Cr 0.2 □ 0.3). In metallurgy , chromium feride is also known as ferrochrome master alloy .
Chromium feride crystallizes in the cubic crystal system and forms small grains that aggregate to form aggregates a few hundred micrometers in size. The mineral is opaque in every form and shows a metallic luster on the surfaces of the light gray to gray-white grain aggregates .
Etymology and history
Chromferid was first discovered in the gold - deposit Efim on Kumak near Orsk in the Orenburg Oblast in the Russian Volga Federal District. The mineral was first described in 1986 by MI Novgorodowa, AI Gorschkow, NV Trubkin, AI Tsepin, MT Dmitrieva, who named it after the elements chromium and iron involved in the chemical compound, more precisely its Latin form ferrum .
The type material of the mineral is kept in the Fersman Museum in Moscow .
classification
Since the chromium feride was only discovered in 1986 and recognized as an independent mineral, it is not listed in the 8th edition of the Strunz mineral classification, which was last updated in 1982 . Only in the “Lapis Mineral Directory”, which was last updated in 2018, which is still based on the classic system of Karl Hugo Strunz out of consideration for private collectors and institutional collections , the mineral received the system no. I / A.06-30 . In the “Lapis system” this corresponds to the “elements” class and to the “Metals and Intermetallic Compounds” department, where chromium feride , together with chromium , ferchromide , tantalum , titanium and tungsten, forms an independent but unnamed group.
The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics, valid since 2001 and updated by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) until 2009, assigns chromium feride to the class of "elements" and there to the department "metals and intermetallic compounds". This is further subdivided according to the predominant metals in the compound, which have been divided into metal families according to their related properties. Chromium feride can be found here according to its composition in the subdivision "iron-chromium family", where together with ferchromide and wairauit it forms the "wairauit group" with the system no. 1.AE.15 forms.
The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking world , assigns chromium feride to the class and division of the same name as "elements". Here it can be found together with chromium and ferchromide in the unnamed group 01.01.12 within the sub-section "Elements: Metallic elements other than the platinum group".
Crystal structure
Chromium feride crystallizes in the cubic crystal system in the space group Pm 3 m (space group no. 221) with the lattice parameter a = 2.86 Å and one formula unit per unit cell .
properties
Because of the iron it contains, the mineral is ferromagnetic .
Education and Locations
The type locality is Kumak 110 kilometers east of Orsk in the southern Urals. Chromium feride is found here in quartz veins in breccias of amphiboles or slates . It is associated with iron, copper , bismuth , gold , ferchromide , graphite , cohenite , halite , sylvin , marialite and quartz.
Further occurrences are documented from various chromitites in ophiolite complexes of the Urals. In the Bazhenovskii ophiolite, chromic feride occurs together with mariinsite , fluoroapatite and eskolaite in the form of submicroscopic inclusions, in the Ray-Iz ophiolite with rutile , diamond and qusongite and in the chromitites of the ophiolite of the Kempirsai massif (Kazakhstan) as inclusion in chromite .
Another milieu in which chromium feride has been found are iron meteorites. Chromium feride was found in the omolon pallasite as an inclusion in pure iron .
See also
literature
- MI Novgorodova, AI Gorshkov, NV Trubkin, AI Tsepin, MT Dmitrieva: New natural intermetallic compounds of iron and chromium - Chromferide and ferchromid . In: Zapiski Vserossiyskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva . tape 115 , 1986, pp. 355–360 (Russian, with a brief description in English).
Web links
- Mineral Atlas: Chromium Feride
- Chromium feride. In: mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, accessed October 3, 2019 .
- David Barthelmy: Chromferide Mineral Data. In: webmineral.com. Retrieved October 3, 2019 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Malcolm Back, William D. Birch, Michel Blondieau and others: The New IMA List of Minerals - A Work in Progress - Updated: September 2019. (PDF 2672 kB) In: cnmnc.main.jp. IMA / CNMNC, Marco Pasero, September 2019, accessed October 3, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c d Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel : Strunz Mineralogical Tables. Chemical-structural Mineral Classification System . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p. 41 (English).
- ↑ a b c d e f Frank C. Hawthorne, Ernst AJ Burke, T. Scott Ercit, Edward S. Grew, Joel D. Grice, John Leslie Jambor , Jacek Puziewicz, Andrew C. Roberts, David A. Vanko: New Mineral Names . In: American Mineralogist . tape 73 , 1988, pp. 190 ( minsocam.org [PDF; 1.6 MB ; accessed on October 3, 2019]).
- ↑ a b c Stefan Weiss: The large Lapis mineral directory. All minerals from A - Z and their properties. Status 03/2018 . 7th, completely revised and supplemented edition. Weise, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-921656-83-9 .
- ^ Chromferide . In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America . 2001 (English, handbookofmineralogy.org [PDF; 65 kB ; accessed on October 3, 2019]).
- ↑ Catalog of Type Mineral Specimens - C. (PDF 131 kB) In: docs.wixstatic.com. Commission on Museums (IMA), December 12, 2018, accessed October 3, 2019 .
- ↑ Ernest H. Nickel, Monte C. Nichols: IMA / CNMNC List of Minerals 2009. (PDF 1703 kB) In: cnmnc.main.jp. IMA / CNMNC, January 2009, accessed October 3, 2019 .
- ↑ Yuriy Viktorovich Erokhin, Vera Vital'evna Khiller, KK Zoloev, MP Popov, VV Grigor'ev: Mariinskite from the Bazhenovskii Ophiolite Complex: The Second Finds in the World . In: Doklady Earth Sciences . tape 455 , no. 2 , 2014, p. 408-410 , doi : 10.1134 / S1028334X14040035 ( researchgate.net [PDF; 835 kB ; accessed on October 3, 2019]).
- ↑ Jingsui Yang, Fancong Meng, Xiangzhen Xu, Paul T. Robinson, Yildirim Dilek, Alexander B. Makeyev, Richard Wirth, Michael Wiedenbeck, John Cliff: Diamonds, native elements and metal alloys from chromitites of the Ray-Iz ophiolite of the Polar Urals . In: Gondwana Research . tape 27 , no. 2 , 2015, p. 459-485 , doi : 10.1016 / j.gr.2014.07.004 .
- ↑ Frank Melcher, Walter Grum, Grigore Simon, Tatiana V. Thalhammer, Eugen F. Stumpfl: Petrogenesis of the Ophiolitic Giant Chromite Deposits of Kempirsai, Kazakhstan: a Study of Solid and Fluid Inclusions in Chromite . In: Journal of Petrology . tape 38 , no. 10 , 1997, pp. 1419–1458 , doi : 10.1093 / petroj / 38.10.1419 ( academic.oup.com [PDF; 1.4 MB ; accessed on October 3, 2019]).
- ↑ DM Pechersky, GP Markov, VA Tsel'movich: Pure Iron and Other Magnetic Minerals in Meteorites . In: Solar System Research . tape 49 , no. 1 , 2015, p. 61-71 , doi : 10.1134 / S0038094614060070 ( researchgate.net [PDF; 3.1 MB ; accessed on December 3, 2018]).