Codex Palatinus germanicus 4

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Cod. Pal. germ. 4, sheet 3r: Rudolf von Ems , Willehalm von Orlens , title sheet

The Codex Palatinus germanicus 4 is a late medieval manuscript from the former Bibliotheca Palatina in Heidelberg . The Codex belongs to the Codices Palatini germanici , the German-language manuscripts of the Palatina, which have been kept in the Heidelberg University Library since 1816 ; The signature of the Heidelberg University Library and the common scientific name is Cod. Pal. germ. 4 (short form: Cpg 4 ).

In addition to a copy of the Minne -Romans Willehalm of Orlen Rudolf of Ems containing manuscript several shorter texts, including the Versnovelle The belt (the border) Dietrich of the Glesse and Minne speech Peter Search host , love and beauty , as well as fragments.

The illuminated manuscript was created between 1455 and 1479 in the Swabian-speaking region, at least in part presumably in the county of Oettingen . The writer of all texts is the Augsburg professional scribe Konrad Bollstatter (1420 / 30–1482 / 83).

description

Cod. Pal. germ. 4, sheet 17v: Rudolf von Ems, Willehalm von Orlens , D-Majuskel als Phallus
Cod. Pal. germ. 4, sheet 50r: Rudolf von Ems, Willehalm von Orlens , copper engraving of lovers
Cod. Pal. germ. 4, sheet 155r: Rudolf von Ems, Willehalm von Orlens , S initial with dragon
Cod. Pal. germ. 4, sheet 167v: Rudolf von Ems, Willehalm von Orlens , illustration: Ameley and Frau Sopfey, the abbess, before the king

The Codex is a paper manuscript; the stapled sheets 1 to 3 are made of parchment . The different foliation from the 17th century counts 230 sheets, but 237 sheets have actually been preserved. On the pages of the manuscript there are some complainants and custodians , some of which have been omitted due to the trimming of the sheets.

The sheet size of the codex is 30.7 × 21.2 cm, with a writing space of 20.5–23 × 12.5–14 cm with 33 to 44 lines per page. The continuous written form is the Bastarda , written by one hand ( Konrad Bollstatter ), transcriptions for planned illustrations and headings are partly in capitals ( early humanist capitalis ). There are repeated critical corrections and comments on text errors by a somewhat later second hand at the edge of the writing space.

Often there are gaps in the text for creating miniatures , most of which, however, were not executed. Often, under these cutouts, instructions by the scribe for an illustrator on the possible content of the picture are given. Three of the recesses (sheets 3r, 37v and 212v) have special frames for illustrations: circular, labeled discs. Only two colored pen drawings have been made, by two different draftsmen: one shows a king on a throne on an olive green background, in front of it a standing man (sheet 66r), the other in a frame with a caption a group of women in front of a king in a vault (Sheet 167v). Both drawings are carefully, but not well-versed, the proportions of the limbs, for example, are incorrect. There is also a cut-out and pasted copper engraving of a pair of lovers (sheet 50r), which is ascribed to the master of the love gardens .

The initials of the Codex are repeated with internal ornaments and with fleuronnée provided -Besatz over three to 15 lines (eg. Leaves 3v and 5r). Different colors are used; some initials are also made in two colors (e.g. leaves 13v and 16v). Lombards in the colors red, blue or green extend over two to ten lines, with numerous cadels as decorative elements. D- capitals at the beginning of a line are repeated as phalluses , most noticeable on sheet 17v (others: sheets 23r, 40v; indicated: sheets 47v, 136r and more).

Three initials have decorative features: on leaf 66r overlaps the thumbnail of an ostrich with a horseshoe in the beak the initial, Journal of 135V is a in the internal field of a D Initial glued, fratze-like face image. And on sheet 155r an inhabited S-initial contains an inner miniature in the stem of the letters, two dragons with their necks looped around one another. On the right and left, this initial is framed by two halves of the face (profile grimaces) turned outwards.

The colors of the initials have partially bleed through, and the Codex also suffers from ink and copper corrosion .

The layers of the manuscript were bound in wooden covers with a leather back. This half-leather binding was renewed in 1970, the parchment spoilage was removed and added as fragments to the manuscript.

origin

The manuscript was created by Konrad Bollstatter between 1455 and 1479, in Swabian writing language with Bavarian forms. The writer names himself repeatedly on the pages of the Codex (sheets 3r, 197v, 208v, 225v).

Bollstatter was in the office of the Counts of Oettingen until at least 1452 . The layout of the codex with the numerous recesses for a rich set of illustrations allows the assumption that the manuscript was originally made for a rich group of buyers, perhaps the Counts of Oettingen. However, the long processing time of more than 20 years speaks against this, which rather points to a system for private use.

Bollstatter had been writing on the manuscripts part of Willehalm since 1455; he completed the work on April 27, 1458 in Höchstädt an der Donau . The other texts were probably written in Augsburg, where Bollstatter lived from 1466 until his death in 1482, and linked to the codex: The degree to The Student in Paris is dated 1466, The Belt was written between 1467 and 1478, both texts are connected with the last layer of the Willehalm von Orlens . Then the existing gaps were filled with Die Graserin (1479), Minner und Trinker (1479?) And Liebe und Schönheit (1479).

The codex could either have come into the hands of the Palatinate Elector through the second marriage of Count Palatine Johann II. Von Pfalz-Simmern to Maria Jakobäa von Oettingen (Maria Jakobine) in 1554 (Johann's eldest son from his first marriage was the later Elector Friedrich III Pfalz ) or he came to the Bibliotheca Palatina in Ulrich Fugger's estate after his death in 1584 .

Like the other manuscripts of the Electoral Palatinate Libraries, the Codex came into the possession of the Vatican Library in Rome after the conquest of the Electoral Palatinate in the Thirty Years War in 1622 and was only brought to Heidelberg in 1816 with the other German-language holdings of the Palatina as part of the regulations during the Congress of Vienna returned.

Content

The first two written pages of the codex (sheet 1r / v) are fragments: a Latin breviary with neumes , written in Carolingian minuscule from the 12th century, is overwritten with notes on legal principles, v. a. on inheritance law, in the 15th century Bastarda of five hands.

This is followed by a sheet with two schematic representations of family trees . Sheet 2r shows an arbor affinitatis , a family tree diagram showing the degrees of brotherhood. Below is a note on the history of the Andechs Monastery with a mention of Saint Rasso , written in a 15th century Bastarda. Sheet 2v shows an arbor consanguinitatis , a family tree scheme for the representation of blood relationships.

Willehalm of Orlens

The main part of the Codex begins with sheet 3r, the copy of the high medieval verse novel Willehalm von Orlens (sheets 3r to 197v) by Rudolf von Ems . The Minne and Âventiure novel was written around 1235 and, with 45 surviving text witnesses, is one of the most widespread works in German literature of the Middle Ages; in the Palatina the text is with Cod. Pal. germ. 323 handed down in another manuscript. On the first page, outside of the normal writing space, two strips of parchment are glued in, on which (above) Rudolf introduces himself as the author and (below) names his client, the Reichsschenken Konrad von Winterstetten . Also on the first page the writer of the manuscript put his abbreviation .BC ( B [ollstatter]. C [onrad]) and the year 1455 under the first verses of the novel. On the last page of the novel (sheet 197v), Bollstatter notes under the last verse that he finished the copy on April 27, 1458 in Hochstetten . In the margin there are often critical comments by a somewhat later writer on text errors (e.g. sheets 32r, 33v). In the end, the text is incomplete compared to other manuscripts; the last nine verses are missing.

On the last page of the Willehalm transcript (sheet 197v), two small fragments follow immediately: a good 4 lines with remarks on war tactics, including a 1½-line verse - both of which have no contextual connection with the novel or with each other.

Minnereden and other smaller texts

Pages 198r to 208v are a copy of the verse novella Der Gürtel (Middle High German: der borte ), the only surviving work by Dietrich von der Glesse , which was written at the end of the 13th century. In the palatina there is another copy in the collective manuscript Cod. Pal. Germ. 341 (sheets 232v-238r). Under the text, Bollstatter notes the dates at the end of his copy: August 15, 1478 in Augsburg.

On the leaves 208v to 210v there is the Graserin , a top German Minne speech of the 14th century; The date on which the copy was completed is noted below the text (March 7, 1479). The Heidelberg manuscript is one of two surviving text witnesses of the grazer .

The next pages of the manuscript (211r to 225v) reproduce the story of the student in Paris , created in the 13th century in East Thuringia, in an editorial department of version A of the text. A was created in the 14th century in the East Swabian region and has only been handed down in this edition in this handwriting. The closing date of February 8, 1466 is noted below the text.

Sheets 225v to 228r pass on the argument between Minner and Drinker from the 13th century.

The last described sheets 228r to 230v reflect Peter suchtwirt's Minner speech on the conflict between love and beauty , written in the second half of the 14th century. Bollstatter noted February 25, 1479 as the completion date.

Waste fragments

The parchment fragments belonging to the manuscript were released when the cover was renewed in 1970. This includes the old parchment spine of the manuscript, which was made in Rome in the 17th century. Eight fragments 2–5 × 2–6.5 cm in size have been preserved from the binding waste. They originally come from a gradual or antiphonale and show remnants of textura and horseshoe nail notation .

Finally, three narrow folding strips from the reinforcement inside the layers have been preserved. They are strips of a sheet of parchment cut in half, the width of the strips is a maximum of 30 cm, the height of the strips shows two lines of text. These fragments come from a document that has to do with the legacy of the deceased Hans von Rechemberg , a Wolffen von Hoppingen is mentioned , both were feudal men of the Counts of Öttingen. This document was written in a 15th century Bastarda by one hand, also by Konrad Bollstatter.

See also

literature

  • Karin Zimmermann : Cod. Pal. germ. 4. Rudolf von Ems, Dietrich von der Glesse, Peter suchtwirt a. a. In: Karin Zimmermann (arrangement), with the participation of Sonja Glauch, Matthias Miller, Armin Schlechter: The Codices Palatini germanici in the Heidelberg University Library (Cod. Pal. Germ. 1–181). Catalogs of the Heidelberg University Library, Volume 6. Reichert Verlag , Wiesbaden 2003, ISBN 978-3-89500-152-9 , pp. 6-9 ( digitized version ).

Older catalogs:

  • Karl Bartsch : Pal. germ. 4. Rudolfs von Ems Wilhelm von Orlens. The border. The talk about ainer graseryn. The student of Paris. Luderer and Minner. Peter suchtwirt's war of love and beauty. In: Karl Bartsch: The old German manuscripts of the university library in Heidelberg. Catalog of the manuscripts of the University Library in Heidelberg, Volume 1. Verlag von Gustav Koester, Heidelberg 1887, No. 3, pp. 4–5 ( digitized version ).
  • Hans Wegener : Rudolf von Ems: Wilhelm von Orlens. pal. germ. 4. In: Hans Wegener: Descriptive directory of the German pictorial manuscripts of the late Middle Ages in the Heidelberg University Library. Verlagbuchhandlung J. J. Weber, Leipzig 1927, pp. 56–57 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Commons : Cod. Pal. germ. 4  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Unless otherwise noted, the information in this section follows the description by Karin Zimmermann: Cod. Pal. germ. 4 . In: The Codices Palatini germanici in the Heidelberg University Library (Cod. Pal. Germ. 1–181) . Wiesbaden 2003, p. 6 ( digitized version ; accessed January 15, 2020).
  2. ↑ Hans Wegener: Rudolf von Ems: Wilhelm von Orlens, pal. germ. 4 . In: Descriptive directory of the German picture manuscripts of the late Middle Ages in the Heidelberg University Library . Verlagbuchhandlung J. J. Weber, Leipzig 1927, p. 56 ( digitized version ).
  3. ↑ s. Image description tab in the digitized version of the Heidelberg University Library ; accessed February 13, 2020.
  4. ↑ Unless otherwise noted, the information in this section follows the description by Karin Zimmermann: Cod. Pal. germ. 4 . In: The Codices Palatini germanici in the Heidelberg University Library (Cod. Pal. Germ. 1–181) . Wiesbaden 2003, p. 6 f. ( Digitized ; accessed January 17, 2020).
  5. ↑ on Bollstatter s. Karin Schneider : professional and amateur writer . To the lay writing business in late medieval Augsburg. In: Johannes Janota , Werner Williams-Krapp (ed.): Literary life in Augsburg during the 15th century (Studia Augustana 7). Max Niemeyer Verlag , Tübingen 1995, ISBN 3-484-16507-3 , pp. 8-26 ( digitized from Google Books ; accessed January 22, 2020); this: Bollstatter, Konrad . In: The German literature of the Middle Ages, author's lexicon , Volume 1. De Gruyter Publishing House , Berlin / New York 1978/2010 (VL 2 ), Sp. 931–933.
  6. ^ UB Heidelberg : The Bibliotheca Palatina - Fates of a world-famous library ; accessed January 18, 2020.
  7. ↑ The information in this section and its subsections follow, unless otherwise noted, the description by Karin Zimmermann: Cod. Pal. germ. 4 . In: The Codices Palatini germanici in the Heidelberg University Library (Cod. Pal. Germ. 1–181) . Wiesbaden 2003, pp. 7–9 ( digitized UB-Heidelberg; accessed January 17, 2020).
  8. ↑ Ulrike Spyra, Maria Effinger: Cod. Pal. germ. 323: Rudolf von Ems: 'Willehalm von Orlens' (introduction), Bibliotheca Palatina digital, website of the Heidelberg University Library, 9/2008.
  9. ↑ cf. Wolfgang Walliczek: Rudolf von Ems . In: Die deutsche Literatur des Mittelalters, author's lexicon , volume 8. De Gruyter publishing house , Berlin / New York 1992/2010 (VL 2 ), columns 322–345; especially on Willehalm ibid. Col. 334–338.
  10. ↑ Text edition (transcription): Victor Junk (Ed.): Rudolfs von Ems Willehalm von Orlens , edited from the Wasserburger Codex of the Fürstlich Fürstenbergische Hofbibliothek in Donaueschingen (German texts of the Middle Ages 2), Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, Berlin 1905, pp. 1–249 ( Digitized version of the Heidelberg University Library; accessed January 21, 2020).
  11. ↑ cf. Hans-Friedrich Rosenfeld: Dietrich von der Glesse (Glezze) . In: The German literature of the Middle Ages, author's lexicon , Volume 2. De Gruyter Publishing House , Berlin / New York 1979/2010 (VL 2 ), Sp. 137-139.
  12. ↑ Text edition (transcription): Friedrich Heinrich von der Hagen : Der Gürtel . In: Friedrich Heinrich von der Hagen (ed.): Gesammtabventure . Hundred Old German Stories […], Volume 1. JG Cotta , Stuttgart / Tübingen 1850, pp. 455–478 ( digitized from Google Books ; accessed January 22, 2020).
  13. ↑ cf. Werner Williams-Krapp: The Grazer . In: The German literature of the Middle Ages, author's lexicon , Volume 3. Verlag De Gruyter , Berlin / New York 1981/2010 (VL 2 ), Sp. 227.
  14. ^ Text edition (transcription based on this manuscript): Adelbert Keller : Graserin . In: Adelbert Keller (Ed.): Old German poems . Ludwig Friedrich Fues, Tübingen 1846, pp. 4–10 ( digitized from Google Books ; accessed January 22, 2020).
  15. ↑ cf. Rolf Max Kully: The student to Paris, A, B, C . In: The German literature of the Middle Ages, author's lexicon , Volume 8. De Gruyter Publishing House , Berlin / New York 1992/2010 (VL 2 ), Sp. 867–869.
  16. ↑ Text edition (transcription): Friedrich Heinrich von der Hagen : The schuolære ze Paris . In: Friedrich Heinrich von der Hagen (ed.): Gesammtabventure . Hundred Old German Stories […], Volume 1. JG Cotta , Stuttgart / Tübingen 1850. pp. 281–311 ( digitized from Google Books ; accessed January 22, 2020).
  17. ↑ cf. Ingrid Kasten: Minner and drinker . In: The German Literature of the Middle Ages, author's lexicon , volume 6. De Gruyter publishing house , Berlin / New York 1987/2010 (VL 2 ), Sp. 594-595.
  18. ^ Text edition (transcription): Joseph von Laßberg : The Minner and the Drinker . In: Joseph von Laßberg (Ed.): Lieder Saal . This is a collection of old German poems from unprinted sources. Second volume. [Eppishausen] 1822, pp. 329–333 ( digitized from Google Books ; accessed January 22, 2020).
  19. ↑ cf. Claudia Brinker-von der Heyde: Search host, Peter . In: The German literature of the Middle Ages, author's lexicon , Volume 9. De Gruyter Publishing House , Berlin / New York 1995/2010 (VL 2 ), Sp. 481–488.
  20. ↑ Text edition (transcription): Alois Primisser : Gar ain beautiful talk of the love and the beautiful, how they got with ain different . In: Alois Primisser (ed.): Peter suchtwirt's works from the fourteenth centuries . A contribution to contemporary and moral history. Druck und Verlag J. B. Wallishausser, Vienna 1827. pp. 150–152 ( digitized from Google Books ; accessed January 22, 2020).
  21. ↑ Karin Zimmermann: Cod. Pal. germ. 4 . In: The Codices Palatini germanici in the Heidelberg University Library (Cod. Pal. Germ. 1–181) . Wiesbaden 2003, p. 9 ( digitized UB-Heidelberg; accessed January 23, 2020).
  22. ↑ Karin Schneider: Professional and amateur writer . To the lay writing business in late medieval Augsburg. In: Johannes Janota, Werner Williams-Krapp (ed.): Literary life in Augsburg during the 15th century (Studia Augustana 7). Max Niemeyer Verlag , Tübingen 1995, ISBN 3-484-16507-3 , p. 10, FN 8 ( digitized from Google Books ; accessed January 22, 2020).