Lambertshasel

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Lambertshasel
Lambert's rabbit (Corylus maxima)

Lambert's rabbit ( Corylus maxima )

Systematics
Eurosiden I
Order : Beech-like (Fagales)
Family : Birch family (Betulaceae)
Subfamily : Hazelnut family (Coryloideae)
Genre : Hazelnuts ( corylus )
Type : Lambertshasel
Scientific name
Corylus maxima
Mill.
Drying of lambert nuts in Turkey
Blood Hazel ( Corylus maxima 'Purpurea')
Harvest quantities 2018 (in t, with shell)
hazelnuts and lambert nuts
country harvest
TurkeyTurkey Turkey 515,000
ItalyItaly Italy 132,699
AzerbaijanAzerbaijan Azerbaijan 52,067
United StatesUnited States United States 46,270
China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 24,790
GeorgiaGeorgia Georgia 17,000
IranIran Iran 15,839
FranceFrance France 14,988
ChileChile Chile 9,019
SpainSpain Spain 8,033
world 863.888
Source: FAO

The Lambertshasel ( Corylus maxima ) is a species of the genus hazel .

description

The Lambertshasel is a deciduous deciduous wood. It grows as a large shrub or tree ; it reaches greater heights than the common hazel ( Corylus avellana ). The leaves often have a very intense brown-red sheen. The nut of the Lambertshasel resembles most of the " Zeller Nuss " and is surrounded by a very long, constricted fruit shell with a slit at the top.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22 or 28.

Distribution and location

The Lambertshasel originally comes from the northwestern Balkan Peninsula. Your name is a modification of lampartic nut ( mhd. Lampartisch = Lombard ).

The Lambert hazel is more sensitive to cold than the common hazel native to Central Europe. Their main growing area is in the Turkish Black Sea region . Three quarters of the world's commercially available “hazelnuts” are produced there; only the smaller part of the world production of hazelnuts comes from the common hazel ( Corylus avellana ).

Taxonomy

The species Corylus avellana , the common hazel , and Corylus maxima can be freely crossed with one another, overlap in their morphological characteristics and in their range. A number of cultivars cannot simply be assigned to one of the species. In phylogenomic studies, in which the relationship is examined by comparing homologous DNA sequences, descendants of both species formed an undifferentiated clade . Many authors today therefore tend to regard these and some other, earlier differentiated species such as Corylus pontica Koch and Corylus colchica Albov as forms, ecotypes or varieties of a broad species of Corylus avellana , this is also usually seen in breeding and in applied questions, so that, for example, the Mediterranean hazelnut cultivars, including the Turkish, are now mostly assigned to the species Corylus avellana . However, the IUCN has so far accepted the species status, at least for the occurrences on the northern Balkan Peninsula. One assumption is that the Lambertshasel was of hybridogenic origin and only arose in human culture. The suggestion that all cultivated hazelnut clans of a broad cultivated species Corylus domestica Kos , which can largely be traced back to proven or suspected hybridizations . et Opal has not found acceptance outside of Ukraine.

Varieties and cultivated forms

Some cultivars of the Lambertshasel, such as the "White Lambertsnuss", "Webbs Preisnuss" (a cross with Corylus avellana var. Grandis , bred by the Englishman Richard Webb) or the "Bandnut" are mainly grown commercially.

The "Bluthasel" is a red-leaved variety ( Corylus maxima "Purpurea"); it is often planted as an ornamental shrub in gardens. It is often mistakenly viewed as a cultivated form of the common hazel.

Common names

The other German-speaking trivial names Augustnuss ( Zabergau ), Bartnuss ( Salzburg ), Baschtnuss (Salzburg), Blood Hazelnut ( Kurpfalz ), Blood Hazelnut (Henneberg), Roman Hazelnut ( Strasbourg ), Red Hazelnut ( Würzburg ), Heseliner exist or existed for Lambertshasel ( Old High German ), Lambertsnuss (Lambert in the sense of Lombardy ), Lammertsnot ( Bremen ), Lammersche Not (Bremen), Lampertsnuss ( Swabia ), Rote Nuss, Ruhrnuss ( Augsburg ) and Zellernuss (Würzburg). The cell nut, however, has a short, slotted fruit shell and is therefore mostly viewed as a cultivated form of the common hazel.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ FAO production statistics for 2018 , fao.org, accessed on February 29, 2020
  2. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 312.
  3. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Corylus - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on January 12, 2017.
  4. ↑ Lambert Nut . On: dede.mydict.com
  5. ↑ Veli Erdoğan & Shawn A. Mehlenbacher (2002): Phylogenetic analysis of hazelnut species (Corylus, Corylacae) based on morphology and phenology. OT Sistematic Botany Dergisi 9 (1): 83-99.
  6. ↑ Nahla Bassi, Paolo Boccacci, Roberto Botta, Joseph Postman, Shawn Mehlenbacher (2013): Nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers to assess genetic diversity and evolution in hazelnut species, hybrids and cultivars. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 60: 543-568. doi: 10.1007 / s10722-012-9857-z
  7. ^ Thomas J. Molnar: Corylus. Chapter 2 in C. Kole (editor): Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources, Forest Trees. doi.10.1007 / 978-3-642-21250-5_2
  8. ↑ Chiara Beltramo, Nadia Valentini, Ezio Portis, Daniela Torello Marinoni, Paolo Boccacci, Maria Angelica Sandoval Prando, Roberto Botta (2016): Genetic mapping and QTL analysis in European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) Molecular Breeding 36: 27. doi: 10.1007 / s11032-016-0450-6
  9. ↑ Corylus avellana. In: .K. Lim: Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 1, Fruits. Springer Verlag, 2012. doi: 10.1007 / 798-90-481-8661-7_63 , page 471
  10. ^ Roy, S., Shaw, K., Wilson, B. & Rivers, MC (2016) Corylus maxima. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T194619A2353301. doi: 10.2305 / IUCN.UK.2016
  11. ↑ Panayotis Dimopoulos, Thomas Raus, Erwin Bergmeier, Theophanis Constantinidis, Gregoris Iatrou, Stella Kokkini, Arne Strid, Dimitrios Tzanoudakis (2016): Vascular plants of Greece: An annotated checklist. Supplement. Willdenowia 46: 301-347. doi: 10.3372 / wi.46.46303
  12. ↑ Ivan Sem. Kosenko: Genetic Resources of the genus Corylus L. in the National Dendrological Park "Sofiyifka" of Nas of Ukraine. Chapter 16 in Anatoly Iv. Opalko, Larissa I. Weisfeld, Sarra A. Bekuzarova, Nina A. Bome, Gennady E. Zaikov (editors): Ecological consequences of increasing crop productivity: plant breeding and biotic diversity. Apple Academic Press, Oaksville, Canada, 2015. ISBN 978-1-4822-4250-8
  13. ^ Gerhard Friedrich, Herbert Petzold: Handbook of fruit types 300 types of fruit in words and pictures . Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2005, ISBN 3-8001-4853-6 , p. 420.
  14. ^ Gerhard Friedrich , Herbert Petzold : Handbook of fruit types 300 types of fruit in words and pictures . Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2005, ISBN 3-8001-4853-6 , p. 402.
  15. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 115. ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Lambertshasel ( Corylus maxima )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files